Merging other languages
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# 1.1 Go 安装
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# 1.1 Installation
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## Go的三种安装方式
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Go有多种安装方式，你可以选择自己喜欢的。这里我们介绍三种最常见的安装方式：
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## Three ways to install Go
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- Go源码安装：这是一种标准的软件安装方式。对于经常使用Unix类系统的用户，尤其对于开发者来说，从源码安装可以自己定制。
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- Go标准包安装：Go提供了方便的安装包，支持Windows、Linux、Mac等系统。这种方式适合快速安装，可根据自己的系统位数下载好相应的安装包，一路next就可以轻松安装了。**推荐这种方式**
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- 第三方工具安装：目前有很多方便的第三方软件包工具，例如Ubuntu的apt-get、Mac的homebrew等。这种安装方式适合那些熟悉相应系统的用户。
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There are many ways to configure the Go development environment on your computer, and you can choose whichever one you like. The three most common ways are as follows.
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最后，如果你想在同一个系统中安装多个版本的Go，你可以参考第三方工具[GVM](https://github.com/moovweb/gvm)，这是目前在这方面做得最好的工具，除非你知道怎么处理。
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## Go源码安装
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在Go的源代码中，有些部分是用Plan 9 C和AT&T汇编写的，因此假如你要想从源码安装，就必须安装C的编译工具。
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- Official installation packages.
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- The Go team provides convenient installation packages in Windows, Linux, Mac and other operating systems. This is probably the easiest way to get started.
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- Install it yourself from source code.
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- Popular with developers who are familiar with Unix-like systems.
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- Using third-party tools.
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- There are many third-party tools and package managers for installing Go, like apt-get in Ubuntu and homebrew for Mac.
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In case you want to install more than one version of Go on a computer, you should take a look at a tool called [GVM](https://github.com/moovweb/gvm). It is the best tool I've seen so far for accomplishing this task, otherwise you'd have to deal with it yourself.
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在Mac系统中，只要你安装了Xcode，就已经包含了相应的编译工具。
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## Install from source code
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在类Unix系统中，需要安装gcc等工具。例如Ubuntu系统可通过在终端中执行`sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev`来安装编译工具。
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Because some parts of Go are written in Plan 9 C and AT&T assembler, you have to install a C compiler before taking the next step.
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在Windows系统中，你需要安装MinGW，然后通过MinGW安装gcc，并设置相应的环境变量。
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On a Mac, if you have installed Xcode, you already have the compiler.
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你可以直接去官网[下载源码](http://golang.org/dl/)，找相应的`goVERSION.src.tar.gz`的文件下载，下载之后解压缩到`$HOME`目录，执行如下代码：
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On Unix-like systems, you need to install gcc or a similar compiler. For example, using the package manager apt-get (included with Ubuntu), one can install the required compilers as follows:
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`sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev`
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On Windows, you need to install MinGW in order to install gcc. Don't forget to configure your environment variables after the installation has completed.( ***Everything that looks like this means it's commented by a translator: If you are using 64-bit Windows, you should install the 64-bit version of MinGW*** )
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The Go team uses [Mercurial](http://mercurial.selenic.com/downloads/) to manage their source code, so you need to install this tool in order to download the Go source code.
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At this point, execute the following commands to clone the Go source code and compile it.( ***It will clone the source code to your current directory. Switch your work path before you continue. This may take some time.*** )
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hg clone -u release https://code.google.com/p/go
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cd go/src
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./all.bash
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./all.bash
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A successful installation will end with the message "ALL TESTS PASSED."
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运行all.bash后出现"ALL TESTS PASSED"字样时才算安装成功。
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On Windows, you can achieve the same by running `all.bat`.
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上面是Unix风格的命令，Windows下的安装方式类似，只不过是运行`all.bat`，调用的编译器是MinGW的gcc。
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If you are using Windows, the installation package will set your environment variables automatically. In Unix-like systems, you need to set these variables manually as follows. ( ***If your Go version is greater than 1.0, you don't have to set $GOBIN, and it will automatically be related to your $GOROOT/bin, which we will talk about in the next section***)
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如果是Mac或者Unix用户需要设置几个环境变量，如果想重启之后也能生效的话把下面的命令写到`.bashrc`或者`.zshrc`里面，
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export GOROOT=$HOME/go
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export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
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export GOPATH=$HOME/gopath
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export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin
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如果你是写入文件的，记得执行`bash .bashrc`或者`bash .zshrc`使得设置立马生效。
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如果是window系统，就需要设置环境变量，在path里面增加相应的go所在的目录，设置gopath变量。
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当你设置完毕之后在命令行里面输入`go`，看到如下图片即说明你已经安装成功
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If you see the following information on your screen, you're all set.
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图1.1 源码安装之后执行Go命令的图
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Figure 1.1 Information after installing from source code
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如果出现Go的Usage信息，那么说明Go已经安装成功了；如果出现该命令不存在，那么可以检查一下自己的PATH环境变中是否包含了Go的安装目录。
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Once you see the usage information of Go, it means you have successfully installed Go on your computer. If it says "no such command", check that your $PATH environment variable contains the installation path of Go.
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> 关于上面的GOPATH将在下面小节详细讲解
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## Using the standard installation packages
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## Go标准包安装
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Go has one-click installation packages for every supported operating system. These packages will install Go in `/usr/local/go` (`c:\Go` in Windows) by default. Of course this can be modified, but you also need to change all the environment variables manually as I've shown above.
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Go提供了每个平台打好包的一键安装，这些包默认会安装到如下目录：/usr/local/go (Windows系统：c:\Go)，当然你可以改变他们的安装位置，但是改变之后你必须在你的环境变量中设置如下信息：
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### How to check if your operating system is 32-bit or 64-bit?
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export GOROOT=$HOME/go
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export GOPATH=$HOME/gopath
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
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Our next step depends on your operating system type, so we have to check it before we download the standard installation packages.
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上面这些命令对于Mac和Unix用户来说最好是写入`.bashrc`或者`.zshrc`文件，对于windows用户来说当然是写入环境变量。
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If you are using Windows, press `Win+R` and then run the command tool. Type the `systeminfo` command and it will show you some useful system information. Find the line that says "system type" -if you see "x64-based PC" that means your operating system is 64-bit, 32-bit otherwise.
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### 如何判断自己的操作系统是32位还是64位？
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I strongly recommend downloading the 64-bit package if you are a Mac user, as Go no longer supports pure 32-bit processors on Mac OSX.
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我们接下来的Go安装需要判断操作系统的位数，所以这小节我们先确定自己的系统类型。
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Linux users can type `uname -a` in the terminal to see system information.
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A 64-bit operating system will show the following:
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Windows系统用户请按Win+R运行cmd，输入`systeminfo`后回车，稍等片刻，会出现一些系统信息。在“系统类型”一行中，若显示“x64-based PC”，即为64位系统；若显示“X86-based PC”，则为32位系统。
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<some description> x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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// some machines such as Ubuntu 10.04 will show as following
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x86_64 GNU/Linux
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Mac系统用户建议直接使用64位的，因为Go所支持的Mac OS X版本已经不支持纯32位处理器了。
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32-bit operating systems instead show:
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Linux系统用户可通过在Terminal中执行命令`arch`(即`uname -m`)来查看系统信息：
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<some description> i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
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64位系统显示
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### Mac
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x86_64
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Go to the [download page](http://code.google.com/p/go/downloads/list), choose `go1.0.3.darwin-386.pkg` for 32-bit systems and `go1.0.3.darwin-amd64.pkg` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `~/go/bin` will be added to your system's $PATH after you finish the installation. Now open the terminal and type `go`. You should see the same output shown in igure 1.1.
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32位系统显示
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### Linux
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i386
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Go to the [download page]((http://code.google.com/p/go/downloads/list), choose `go1.0.3.linux-386.tar.gz` for 32-bit systems and `go1.0.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz` for 64-bit systems. Suppose you want to install Go in the `$GO_INSTALL_DIR` path. Uncompress the `tar.gz` to your chosen path using the command `tar zxvf go1.0.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR`. Then set your $PATH with the following: `export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin`. Now just open the terminal and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
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### Mac 安装
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### Windows
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访问[下载地址][downlink]，32位系统下载go1.4.2.darwin-386-osx10.8.pkg，64位系统下载go1.4.2.darwin-amd64-osx10.8.pkg，双击下载文件，一路默认安装点击下一步，这个时候go已经安装到你的系统中，默认已经在PATH中增加了相应的`~/go/bin`,这个时候打开终端，输入`go`
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Go to the [download page]((http://code.google.com/p/go/downloads/list), choose `go1.0.3.windows-386.msi` for 32-bit systems and `go1.0.3.windows-amd64.msi` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `c:/go/bin` will be added to `path`. Now just open a command line window and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
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看到类似上面源码安装成功的图片说明已经安装成功
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如果出现go的Usage信息，那么说明go已经安装成功了；如果出现该命令不存在，那么可以检查一下自己的PATH环境变中是否包含了go的安装目录。
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### Linux 安装
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访问[下载地址][downlink]，32位系统下载go1.4.2.linux-386.tar.gz，64位系统下载go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz，
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假定你想要安装Go的目录为 `$GO_INSTALL_DIR`，后面替换为相应的目录路径。
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解压缩`tar.gz`包到安装目录下：`tar zxvf go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR`。
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设置PATH，`export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin`
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然后执行`go`
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图1.2 Linux系统下安装成功之后执行go显示的信息
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如果出现go的Usage信息，那么说明go已经安装成功了；如果出现该命令不存在，那么可以检查一下自己的PATH环境变中是否包含了go的安装目录。
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### Windows 安装 ###
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访问[Google Code 下载页][downlink]，32 位请选择名称中包含 windows-386 的 msi 安装包，64 位请选择名称中包含 windows-amd64 的。下载好后运行，不要修改默认安装目录 C:\Go\，若安装到其他位置会导致不能执行自己所编写的 Go 代码。安装完成后默认会在环境变量 Path 后添加 Go 安装目录下的 bin 目录 `C:\Go\bin\`，并添加环境变量 GOROOT，值为 Go 安装根目录 `C:\Go\` 。
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**验证是否安装成功**
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在运行中输入 `cmd` 打开命令行工具，在提示符下输入 `go`，检查是否能看到 Usage 信息。输入 `cd %GOROOT%`，看是否能进入 Go 安装目录。若都成功，说明安装成功。
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不能的话请检查上述环境变量 Path 和 GOROOT 的值。若不存在请卸载后重新安装，存在请重启计算机后重试以上步骤。
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## 第三方工具安装
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## Use third-party tools
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### GVM
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gvm是第三方开发的Go多版本管理工具，类似ruby里面的rvm工具。使用起来相当的方便，安装gvm使用如下命令：
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GVM is a Go multi-version control tool developed by a third-party, like rvm for ruby. It's quite easy to use. Install gvm by typing the following commands in your terminal:
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bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
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bash < <(curl -s https://raw.github.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
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安装完成后我们就可以安装go了：
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Then we install Go using the following commands:
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gvm install go1.4.2
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gvm use go1.4.2
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gvm install go1.0.3
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gvm use go1.0.3
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也可以使用下面的命令，省去每次调用gvm use的麻烦：
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gvm use go1.4.2 --default
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执行完上面的命令之后GOPATH、GOROOT等环境变量会自动设置好，这样就可以直接使用了。
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After the process has finished, you're all set.
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### apt-get
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Ubuntu是目前使用最多的Linux桌面系统，使用`apt-get`命令来管理软件包，我们可以通过下面的命令来安装Go，为了以后方便，应该把 `git` `mercurial` 也安装上：
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sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install golang-stable git-core mercurial
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Ubuntu is the most popular desktop release version of Linux. It uses `apt-get` to manage packages. We can install Go using the following commands.
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### homebrew
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homebrew是Mac系统下面目前使用最多的管理软件的工具，目前已支持Go，可以通过命令直接安装Go，为了以后方便，应该把 `git` `mercurial` 也安装上：
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install golang-stable
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brew update && brew upgrade
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brew install go
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brew install git
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brew install mercurial
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### Homebrew
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Homebrew is a software management tool commonly used in Mac to manage packages. Just type the following commands to install Go.
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## links
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* [目录](<preface.md>)
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* 上一节: [Go环境配置](<01.0.md>)
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* 下一节: [GOPATH 与工作空间](<01.2.md>)
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brew install go
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[downlink]:http://golang.org/dl/ "Go安装包下载"
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## Links
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- [Directory](preface.md)
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- Previous section: [Go environment configuration](01.0.md)
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- Next section: [$GOPATH and workspace](01.2.md)
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