Merging other languages
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James Miranda
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# 5.3 使用SQLite数据库
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SQLite 是一个开源的嵌入式关系数据库，实现自包容、零配置、支持事务的SQL数据库引擎。其特点是高度便携、使用方便、结构紧凑、高效、可靠。 与其他数据库管理系统不同，SQLite 的安装和运行非常简单，在大多数情况下,只要确保SQLite的二进制文件存在即可开始创建、连接和使用数据库。如果您正在寻找一个嵌入式数据库项目或解决方案，SQLite是绝对值得考虑。SQLite可以是说开源的Access。
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## 驱动
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Go支持sqlite的驱动也比较多，但是好多都是不支持database/sql接口的
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- https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 支持database/sql接口，基于cgo(关于cgo的知识请参看官方文档或者本书后面的章节)写的
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- https://github.com/feyeleanor/gosqlite3 不支持database/sql接口，基于cgo写的
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- https://github.com/phf/go-sqlite3 不支持database/sql接口，基于cgo写的
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目前支持database/sql的SQLite数据库驱动只有第一个，我目前也是采用它来开发项目的。采用标准接口有利于以后出现更好的驱动的时候做迁移。
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## 实例代码
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示例的数据库表结构如下所示，相应的建表SQL：
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CREATE TABLE `userinfo` (
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`uid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
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`username` VARCHAR(64) NULL,
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`departname` VARCHAR(64) NULL,
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`created` DATE NULL
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);
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CREATE TABLE `userdeatail` (
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`uid` INT(10) NULL,
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`intro` TEXT NULL,
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`profile` TEXT NULL,
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PRIMARY KEY (`uid`)
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);
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看下面Go程序是如何操作数据库表数据:增删改查
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package main
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import (
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"database/sql"
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"fmt"
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"time"
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_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
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)
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func main() {
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db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "./foo.db")
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checkErr(err)
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//插入数据
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stmt, err := db.Prepare("INSERT INTO userinfo(username, departname, created) values(?,?,?)")
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checkErr(err)
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res, err := stmt.Exec("astaxie", "研发部门", "2012-12-09")
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checkErr(err)
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id, err := res.LastInsertId()
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(id)
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//更新数据
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stmt, err = db.Prepare("update userinfo set username=? where uid=?")
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checkErr(err)
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res, err = stmt.Exec("astaxieupdate", id)
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checkErr(err)
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affect, err := res.RowsAffected()
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(affect)
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//查询数据
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rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM userinfo")
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checkErr(err)
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for rows.Next() {
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var uid int
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var username string
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var department string
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var created time.Time
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err = rows.Scan(&uid, &username, &department, &created)
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(uid)
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fmt.Println(username)
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fmt.Println(department)
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fmt.Println(created)
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}
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//删除数据
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stmt, err = db.Prepare("delete from userinfo where uid=?")
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checkErr(err)
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res, err = stmt.Exec(id)
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checkErr(err)
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affect, err = res.RowsAffected()
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(affect)
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db.Close()
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}
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func checkErr(err error) {
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if err != nil {
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panic(err)
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}
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}
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我们可以看到上面的代码和MySQL例子里面的代码几乎是一模一样的，唯一改变的就是导入的驱动改变了，然后调用`sql.Open`是采用了SQLite的方式打开。
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>sqlite管理工具：http://sqliteadmin.orbmu2k.de/
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>可以方便的新建数据库管理。
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## links
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* [目录](<preface.md>)
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* 上一节: [使用MySQL数据库](<05.2.md>)
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* 下一节: [使用PostgreSQL数据库](<05.4.md>)
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# 5.3 SQLite
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SQLite is an open source, embedded relational database. It has a self-contained, zero-configuration and transaction-supported database engine. Its characteristics are highly portable, easy to use, compact, efficient and reliable. In most of cases, you only need a binary file of SQLite to create, connect and operate a database. If you are looking for an embedded database solution, SQLite is worth considering. You can say SQLite is the open source version of Access.
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## SQLite drivers
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There are many database drivers for SQLite in Go, but many of them do not support the `database/sql` interface standards.
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- [https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3) supports `database/sql`, based on cgo.
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- [https://github.com/feyeleanor/gosqlite3](https://github.com/feyeleanor/gosqlite3) doesn't support `database/sql`, based on cgo.
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- [https://github.com/phf/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/phf/go-sqlite3) doesn't support `database/sql`, based on cgo.
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The first driver is the only one that supports the `database/sql` interface standard in its SQLite driver, so I use this in my projects -it will make it easy to migrate my code in the future if I need to.
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## Samples
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We create the following SQL:
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CREATE TABLE `userinfo` (
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`uid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
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`username` VARCHAR(64) NULL,
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`departname` VARCHAR(64) NULL,
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`created` DATE NULL
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);
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An example:
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package main
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import (
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"database/sql"
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"fmt"
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_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
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)
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func main() {
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db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "./foo.db")
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checkErr(err)
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// insert
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stmt, err := db.Prepare("INSERT INTO userinfo(username, departname, created) values(?,?,?)")
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checkErr(err)
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res, err := stmt.Exec("astaxie", "研发部门", "2012-12-09")
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checkErr(err)
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id, err := res.LastInsertId()
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(id)
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// update
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stmt, err = db.Prepare("update userinfo set username=? where uid=?")
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checkErr(err)
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res, err = stmt.Exec("astaxieupdate", id)
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checkErr(err)
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affect, err := res.RowsAffected()
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(affect)
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// query
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rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM userinfo")
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checkErr(err)
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for rows.Next() {
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var uid int
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var username string
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var department string
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var created string
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err = rows.Scan(&uid, &username, &department, &created)
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(uid)
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fmt.Println(username)
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fmt.Println(department)
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fmt.Println(created)
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}
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// delete
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stmt, err = db.Prepare("delete from userinfo where uid=?")
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checkErr(err)
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res, err = stmt.Exec(id)
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checkErr(err)
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affect, err = res.RowsAffected()
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checkErr(err)
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fmt.Println(affect)
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db.Close()
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}
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func checkErr(err error) {
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if err != nil {
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panic(err)
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}
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}
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You may have noticed that the code is almost the same as in the previous section, and that we only changed the name of the registered driver and called `sql.Open` to connect to SQLite in a different way.
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As a final note on this secton, there is a useful SQLite management tool available: [http://sqliteadmin.orbmu2k.de/](http://sqliteadmin.orbmu2k.de/)
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## Links
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- [Directory](preface.md)
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- Previous section: [MySQL](05.2.md)
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- Next section: [PostgreSQL](05.4.md)
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