Merging other languages

en/11.0.md

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-# 11 错误处理，调试和测试
-我们经常会看到很多程序员大部分的"编程"时间都花费在检查bug和修复bug上。无论你是在编写修改代码还是重构系统，几乎都是花费大量的时间在进行故障排除和测试，外界都觉得我们程序员是设计师，能够把一个系统从无做到有，是一项很伟大的工作，而且是相当有趣的工作，但事实上我们每天都是徘徊在排错、调试、测试之间。当然如果你有良好的习惯和技术方案来直面这些问题，那么你就有可能将排错时间减到最少，而尽可能的将时间花费在更有价值的事情上。
-
-但是遗憾的是很多程序员不愿意在错误处理、调试和测试能力上下工夫，导致后面应用上线之后查找错误、定位问题花费更多的时间。所以我们在设计应用之前就做好错误处理规划、测试用例等，那么将来修改代码、升级系统都将变得简单。
-
-开发Web应用过程中，错误自然难免，那么如何更好的找到错误原因，解决问题呢？11.1小节将介绍Go语言中如何处理错误，如何设计自己的包、函数的错误处理，11.2小节将介绍如何使用GDB来调试我们的程序，动态运行情况下各种变量信息，运行情况的监控和调试。
-
-11.3小节将对Go语言中的单元测试进行深入的探讨，并示例如何来编写单元测试，Go的单元测试规则规范如何定义，以保证以后升级修改运行相应的测试代码就可以进行最小化的测试。
-
-长期以来，培养良好的调试、测试习惯一直是很多程序员逃避的事情，所以现在你不要再逃避了，就从你现在的项目开发，从学习Go Web开发开始养成良好的习惯。
-
-## 目录
- 
-![](images/navi11.png?raw=true)
-
-## links
-   * [目录](<preface.md>)
-   * 上一章: [第十章总结](<10.4.md>)
-   * 下一节: [错误处理](<11.1.md>)
+# 11 Error Handling, Debugging, and Testing
+
+We often see the majority of a programmer's "programming" time spent on checking for bugs and working on bug fixes. Whether you are refactoring code or re-configuring systems, much of your time will undoubtedly be spent troubleshooting and testing. From the outside, people may think that all we do as programmers is design our systems and then write our code. They might think that we have the ideal job! We do work that is very engaging, and implement systems that have never been done before. While this last part may be true, what they don't know is that we spend the majority of our time cycling between troubleshooting, debugging and testing our code! Of course, if you have good programming habits and the technological solutions to help you take on these tasks, then you can minimize the time spent doing these things, enabling you to focus instead on more valuable things like the application logic. 
+
+Unfortunately, many programmers are not thorough in fulfilling their error handling, debugging and testing responsibilities beforehand.  Inexperienced programmers will often only make an effort to find errors and flaws after they have occurred, spending hours locating and fixing problems after the application is already online. It's good practice (and probably common sense) that we should design our applications with proper error handling, test cases, etc., from the get go. This will make your job, and the jobs of all the other developers who may be working on your application someday, much easier when they inevitably need to modify the code or upgrade the system.   
+
+In the process of developing web applications, you will inevitably encounter unforeseen errors. What's the most efficient way of finding the causes of these errors and solving them? Section 11.1 describes how to handle errors in the Go language as well as how to design your own error handling package and functions. Section 11.2 describes how to use GDB to debug programs under dynamic operating conditions, depending on a variety of variable information. We then discuss application monitoring and debugging operations. 
+
+Section 11.3 will explain unit testing in Go and feature some in-depth discussions and examples on how to write unit tests, as well as defining Go's unit testing rules. We'll see how following these rules will ensure that when upgrading or modifying your application, the test code will be able to run smoothly.
+
+Many programmers avoid spending time to learn and cultivate good debugging and testing habits. This chapter takes on these issues head-on so you won't have to run away from these tasks any longer. Since you're just learning how to build web applications in Go, let's use this opportunity to establish these good habits from the very beginning.    
+
+## Links
+
+- [Directory](preface.md)
+- Previous chapter: [Chapter 10 summary](10.4.md)
+- Next section: [Error handling](11.1.md)