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b/1000-hours/public/audios/thinking-us-male.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-female.mp3 b/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-female.mp3 index f7d560d7..d338e308 100644 Binary files a/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-female.mp3 and b/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-female.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-male.mp3 b/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-male.mp3 index d2e82376..9056ca3f 100644 Binary files a/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-male.mp3 and b/1000-hours/public/audios/with-this-us-male.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb index 3d5e8c7e..211e3b77 100644 --- a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb +++ b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb @@ -29,19 +29,10 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 2, + "execution_count": 22, "id": "71d35cd9", "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "pygame 2.6.0 (SDL 2.28.4, Python 3.12.2)\n", - "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n" - ] - } - ], + "outputs": [], "source": [ "import edge_tts\n", "import os\n", @@ -73,7 +64,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 3, + "execution_count": 20, "id": "4146f92e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -82,22 +73,9 @@ "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['en-US-GuyNeural', 'en-US-AriaNeural']\n", - "apple\n", - "../audios/apple-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", - "../audios/apple-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", - "\n", - "impossible\n", - "../audios/impossible-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", - "../audios/impossible-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", - "\n", - "possible\n", - "../audios/possible-us-male.mp3 created\n", - "../audios/possible-us-female.mp3 created\n", - "\n", - "ichthyosaur\n", - "../audios/ichthyosaur-us-male.mp3 created\n", - "../audios/ichthyosaur-us-female.mp3 created\n", - "\n" + "network\n", + "../audios/network-us-male.mp3 created\n", + "../audios/network-us-female.mp3 created\n" ] } ], @@ -114,11 +92,7 @@ " print(voices)\n", "\n", "words = \"\"\"\n", - "apple,\n", - "impossible,\n", - "possible,\n", - "ichthyosaur,\n", - "\n", + "network\n", "\"\"\"\n", "\n", "for word in words.strip().split(','):\n", @@ -132,7 +106,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": 21, "id": "2d46cde4", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -140,7 +114,7 @@ "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ - "a-woman--without-her--man-is-nothing_openai.mp3\n" + "she-will-cherish-those-memories-and-ever-hold-them-close-to-her-heart_openai.mp3\n" ] } ], @@ -160,7 +134,7 @@ " ) as response:\n", " response.stream_to_file(path)\n", " \n", - "sentence = \"A woman..., without her..., man is nothing.\"\n", + "sentence = \"She will cherish those memories and ever hold them close to her heart.\"\n", "\n", "# remove all punctuation at the end of sentence,\n", "# replace all spaces and punctuations in the sentence with dash\n", @@ -286,6 +260,52 @@ "* voice = \"en-CA-ClaraNeural\" (Female)\n", "* voice = \"en-CA-LiamNeural\" (Male)" ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 38, + "id": "7350bdce", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "../audios/ten-cups-us-alloy.mp3\n", + "../audios/ten-cups-us-female.mp3\n", + "../audios/increase-us-alloy.mp3\n", + "../audios/increase-us-female.mp3\n", + "../audios/brown-gate-us-alloy.mp3\n", + "../audios/brown-gate-us-female.mp3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# generate sentences using edge-tts\n", + "sentences = \"\"\"\n", + "ten cups\n", + "increase\n", + "brown gate\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "# split the sentences into lines\n", + "sentences = [s for s in sentences.strip().split(\"\\n\") if s]\n", + "for sentence in sentences:\n", + " # get the first three worrds and replace the first with 'sentence', join them with '-'ArithmeticError\n", + " # filename = f'../audios/sentence-{sentence.split(\" \")[1]}-{sentence.split(\" \")[2]}.mp3'\n", + " # for voice in [\"en-US-GuyNeural\", \"en-US-AriaNeural\"]:\n", + " for voice in [\"alloy\", \"nova\"]:\n", + "\n", + " filename = f'../audios/{sentence.rstrip(\",.!?\").replace(\"'\", \"\").replace(\" \", \"-\")}-us-{voice}.mp3'.replace(\"alloy\", \"male\").replace(\"nova\", \"female\")\n", + " # filename = f'../audios/{sentence.rstrip(\",.!?\").replace(\"'\", \"\").replace(\" \", \"-\")}-us-{voice}.mp3'.replace(\"en-US-GuyNeural\", \"male\").replace(\"en-US-AriaNeural\", \"female\")\n", + " print(filename)\n", + " # await generate_edge_tts_audio(sentence, filename, voice=voice, verbose=True, overwrite=True, play=True)\n", + " get_openai_tts_audio(sentence, filename, performer=voice)\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "\n", + " # get_openai_tts_audio(sentence, f'../audios/{sentence.replace(\" \", \"-\")}-alloy.mp3', performer='alloy')\n", + " # get_openai_tts_audio(sentence, f'../audios/{sentence.replace(\" \", \"-\")}-nova.mp3', performer='nova')\n" + ] } ], "metadata": { diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md index 1614de05..397f9db3 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md @@ -58,9 +58,13 @@ ## 4.4.2.2. 叠音（geminates） -上一个音节末尾的辅音和下一个音节开头的辅音相同的时候，这一对相同的辅音被称作**叠音**（*geminates*）。在连贯的自然语音中，这两个辅音就只发声一次 —— 但听起来的时候，有可能感受到前一个辅音存在造成细微停顿。它从机制上来看，其实和**省音**（[4.4.2.1](2.4.3-cc#_2-4-3-1-省音-elision)）一样。其实哪怕相邻的两个辅音相似的时候，也会发生同样的现象。 +上一个音节末尾的辅音和下一个音节开头的辅音相同的时候，这一对相同的辅音被称作**叠音**（*geminates*）。在连贯的自然语音中，这两个辅音就只发声一次 —— 但听起来的时候，有可能感受到前一个辅音存在造成细微停顿。它从机制上来看，其实和**省音**一样。其实哪怕相邻的两个辅音相似的时候，也会发生同样的现象。 -比如，*that time*, 不是 ðæt taɪm/，而是 ðæ·t̬aɪm —— 第一个 t 由于后面跟着一个辅音，于是产生了**省音**，听不到了，但，该有的停顿却依然在，在这里我们用 · 代表那个停顿 ；而后，第二个 t 与第三个 t 是**叠音**，这两个 t 只发声一次。又比如，*bad day*, 不是 bæd deɪ，而是 bæ·deɪ。 再比如，*with this*, 不是 wɪθ ðɪs，而是 wɪ·ðɪs。 +比如，*at that time*, 不是 æt ðæt taɪm，而是 æ·ðæ·t̬aɪm —— 第一个 t 由于后面跟着一个辅音，于是产生了**省音**，听不到了，但，该有的停顿却依然在，在这里我们用 · 代表那个停顿 ；而后，第二个 t 与第三个 t 是**叠音**，这两个 t 只发声一次。 + +上下居中的圆点 · 是我们用来标记这种因为停顿（stop）的符号。（注意，不是英文句号 . —— 那是用来标记音节边界的符号。） + +又比如，*a bad day*, 不是 ə bæd deɪ，而是 ə bæ·deɪ。 再比如，*with this*, 不是 wɪθ ðɪs，而是 wɪ·ðɪs。 ## 4.4.2.3. 同化（assimilation） @@ -69,18 +73,24 @@ > * t + j = tʃ > * d + j = dʒ -最常见的比如，*Don't you?* doʊn tʃju?；以及，*Would you?* wʊ dʒju? 这里的关键在于，t, d 发声时起始的舌尖位置如果放对了（[2.2.3](2.2.3-td)），它与后面的 ju 连起来的发声就只能如此。 +最常见的比如，*Don't you?* doʊn tʃju? *Would you?* wʊ dʒju? 这里的关键在于，t, d 发声时起始的舌尖位置如果放对了（[2.2.3](2.2.3-td)），它与后面的 ju 连起来的发声就只能如此。 同化主要发生在 j 这个音上。除了已经讲过的 j 前面遇到 t 和 d 时会产生同化之外， > * s + j = ʃ > * z + j = ʒ -比如，s+j 可能会被读成 ʃ，z+j 可能会被读成 ʒ。再比如，*Miss you so much.* mɪ ʃu səʊ mʌʧ.；*It was your job.* ɪt wɒ ʒʊr ʤɒb. +比如，s+j 可能会被读成 ʃ，z+j 可能会被读成 ʒ。再比如，*Miss you so much.* mɪ ʃu səʊ mʌʧ.*It was your job.* ɪt wɒ ʒʊr ʤɒb. -请注意，这两组是**可能**，并非一定，并非所有英文母语使用者都如此发音。 +另外一个细节是，k/g 之前的 n，**可能**会被同化为 ŋ: -另外一个细节是，k/g 之前的 n，可能会被同化为 ŋ: +> * *ten cups*, ten kʌps → teŋ kʌps +> * *increase*, ˌɪnˈkris → ˌɪŋˈkris +> * *brown gate*, braʊn geɪt → braʊŋ geɪt + +> [!Note] +> +> 请注意，**同化**都是**可能**，并非一定，并非所有英文母语使用者都如此发音。并非所有人都会使用这种**同化**的发音。比如，*Don't you?* doʊn tʃju? *Would you?* wʊ dʒju? ## 4.4.2.4. 击穿（dropping） @@ -90,7 +100,7 @@ 很多美国人在 t 这个音上还有另外一个特殊的习惯，t 跟在 n 之后的时候，美国人说话的方式会让我们听不到那个 t，也就是说，t 也可能被击穿。比如，他们说 *interview* 的时候你听到的可能是 ˈɪnəˌvju，没有 t。 -另外，ð 也可能被击穿，基本只发生在 *them* 这个常用词上。比如，*let them* let ðəm, 变成了 let-əm，又由于 ð 被击穿了之后，t 等于被夹在了两个元音之间，于是会变成浊化的弹舌音 t̬，于是，说出来的或者听到的是 let̬əm…… 所以，在快速的自然语流中 *let him* 和 *let them* 实际上几乎没有区别，需要通过上下文确定究竟是 *him* 还是 *them*。 +另外，ð 也可能被击穿，基本只发生在 *them* 这个常用词上。比如，*let them* let ðəm, 变成了 let-əm，又由于 ð 被击穿了之后，t 等于被夹在了两个元音之间，于是会变成浊化的弹舌音 t̬，于是，说出来的或者听到的是 let̬əm…… 所以，在快速的自然语流中 *let him* 和 *let them* 实际上几乎没有区别，需要通过上下文确定究竟是 *him* 还是 *them*。 ## 4.4.2.5 其它（others） @@ -107,7 +117,7 @@ > - *She is* - ˈʃiː ˈɪz ⭢ ˈʃiːʲɪz > - *They are* - ˈðeɪ ˈɑːr ⭢ ˈðeɪʲɑːr -注意：一些以 i 结尾的动词，使用进行时态的时候，末尾会加上 *ing*，即，ɪŋ。比如，*study* ˈstʌdi 的现在分词形式是 *studying* ˈstʌdi.ɪŋ —— 这里会出现加音 ʲ，即最后一个音节变成 jɪŋ…… 可是，在自然读音中，它更接近 jəŋ，所以，*studying* 的读音，词典里标注的当然还是 ˈstʌdiɪŋ，但，读出来的更接近 ˈstʌdiʲəŋ。 +注意：一些以 i 结尾的动词，使用进行时态的时候，末尾会加上 *ing*，即，ɪŋ。比如，*study* ˈstʌdi 的现在分词形式是 *studying* ˈstʌdi.ɪŋ —— 这里会出现加音 ʲ，即最后一个音节变成 jɪŋ —— 虽然，*studying* 在词典里标注的只能是 ˈstʌdiɪŋ。 再比如：