diff --git a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts index 68e93739..1adbaed2 100644 --- a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts +++ b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts @@ -163,6 +163,10 @@ export default withMermaid( text: "2.1.9. aɪ... əʊ", link: "/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.9-aɪ", }, + { + text: "2.1.10. ɤ", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.10-ɤ", + }, ] }, { diff --git a/1000-hours/public/audios/us/class-us-female.mp3 b/1000-hours/public/audios/us/class-us-female.mp3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5fdf4dbe Binary files /dev/null and b/1000-hours/public/audios/us/class-us-female.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/audios/us/class-us-male.mp3 b/1000-hours/public/audios/us/class-us-male.mp3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d06b9a47 Binary files /dev/null and b/1000-hours/public/audios/us/class-us-male.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/class-us-female.mp3 b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/class-us-female.mp3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5fdf4dbe Binary files /dev/null and b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/class-us-female.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/class-us-male.mp3 b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/class-us-male.mp3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d06b9a47 Binary files /dev/null and b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/class-us-male.mp3 differ diff --git a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb index b467a068..aad18884 100644 --- a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb +++ b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 17, + "execution_count": 1, "id": "cecefa85-b37d-457e-9e99-e582dabdfb9f", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -205,6 +205,8 @@ "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ + "pygame 2.5.2 (SDL 2.28.3, Python 3.12.1)\n", + "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n", "Files created!\n" ] } @@ -216,7 +218,7 @@ "import edge_tts\n", "import pygame\n", "\n", - "TEXT = \"I am,He is,She is,They are,Go away,Do all,Do it,Throw it\"\n", + "TEXT = \"class\"\n", "Wordlist = TEXT.split(\",\")\n", "\n", "for w in Wordlist:\n", diff --git a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/us_edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/us_edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index 3144b956..00000000 --- a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/us_edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b94f103d-ac43-4d13-83cb-eb5090220881", - "metadata": { - "jupyter": { - "source_hidden": true - } - }, - "source": [ - "# EdgeTTS\n", - "\n", - "https://github.com/rany2/edge-tts\n", - "\n", - "edge-tts is a Python module that allows you to use Microsoft Edge's online text-to-speech service from within your Python code or using the provided edge-tts or edge-playback command." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "77deb08f-fec3-4327-b2f9-1c893aacaddc", - "metadata": { - "scrolled": true - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "!pip install edge-tts\n", - "!pip install pygame" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 1, - "id": "9aad6634-e833-4ec4-b285-84e051329712", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "pygame 2.5.2 (SDL 2.28.3, Python 3.12.1)\n", - "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n", - "Files created!\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "import asyncio\n", - "import edge_tts\n", - "import pygame\n", - "\n", - "TEXT = \"\"\"\n", - "serendipity\n", - "\"\"\"\n", - "\n", - "Wordlist = TEXT.split(\",\")\n", - "\n", - "for w in Wordlist:\n", - " for VOICE in ['en-US-GuyNeural', 'en-US-JennyNeural']:\n", - " w = w.strip()\n", - " OUTPUT_FILE = f\"{w.replace(' ', '-').replace('?', '')}-{VOICE.replace('en-', '').replace('GuyNeural', 'guy').replace('JennyNeural', 'jen').lower()}.mp3\"\n", - " communicate = edge_tts.Communicate(w, VOICE)\n", - " await communicate.save(OUTPUT_FILE) \n", - "\n", - "print(\"Files created!\") " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "1e54069c-db63-45ba-86e8-726730b19255", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "import asyncio\n", - "import edge_tts\n", - "import pygame\n", - "\n", - "TEXT = \"Jane,dramatic,young,girl,loves,to,read,books,at,leisure,in,rooms,or,play,on,a,sunny,day,outdoor,here,and,there,under,the,trees,with,boys,She,vowed,to,buy,a,red,ear,dog,She,thought,it,was,unique,for,sure,Now,she,feeds,it,dough,nuts,and,cheese,bar\"\n", - "Wordlist = TEXT.split(\",\")\n", - "\n", - "for w in Wordlist:\n", - " for VOICE in ['zh-CN-YunxiNeural', 'zh-CN-XiaoxiaoNeural']:\n", - " w = w.strip()\n", - " OUTPUT_FILE = f\"{w}-{VOICE.replace('YunxiNeural', 'male').replace('XiaoxiaoNeural', 'female').lower()}.mp3\"\n", - " communicate = edge_tts.Communicate(w, VOICE)\n", - " await communicate.save(OUTPUT_FILE) \n", - "\n", - "print(\"Files created!\") " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "09d5ab47-5807-4ded-a8b9-45277831d425", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# VOICE = \"en-US-GuyNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-AnaNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-AndrewNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-AriaNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-AvaNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-BrianNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-ChristopherNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-EmmaNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-EricNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-GuyNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-JennyNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-MichelleNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-RogerNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-US-SteffanNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-GB-LibbyNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-GB-MaisieNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-GB-RyanNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-GB-SoniaNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-GB-ThomasNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-AU-NatashaNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-AU-WilliamNeural\" # Male\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-CA-ClaraNeural\" # Female\n", - "# VOICE = \"en-CA-LiamNeural\" # Male\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "862f0948", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "pygame.mixer.init()\n", - "pygame.mixer.music.load(OUTPUT_FILE)\n", - "pygame.mixer.music.play()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 1, - "id": "00939422-fbf9-4842-b82a-b6106624c075", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "pygame 2.5.2 (SDL 2.28.3, Python 3.11.5)\n", - "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n", - "Files created!\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "import asyncio\n", - "import edge_tts\n", - "import pygame\n", - "\n", - "TEXT = \"a,and,at,bar,books,boys,buy,cheese,day,dog,dough,dramatic,ear,feeds,for,girl,here,in,it,Jane,leisure,loves,Now,nuts,on,or,outdoor,play,read,red,rooms,She,sunny,sure,the,there,thought,to,trees,under,unique,vowed,was,with,young\"\n", - "Wordlist = TEXT.split(\",\")\n", - "\n", - "for w in Wordlist:\n", - " for VOICE in ['en-US-GuyNeural', 'en-US-JennyNeural', 'en-GB-RyanNeural', 'en-GB-SoniaNeural']:\n", - " w = w.strip()\n", - " OUTPUT_FILE = f\"{w}-{VOICE.replace('GuyNeural', 'Guy-Male').replace('JennyNeural', 'Jenny-Female').replace('RyanNeural', 'Ryan-Male').replace('SoniaNeural', 'Sonia-Female').lower()}.mp3\"\n", - " communicate = edge_tts.Communicate(w, VOICE)\n", - " await communicate.save(OUTPUT_FILE) \n", - "\n", - "print(\"Files created!\") " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "93f68a91-7e6b-45ef-932e-533b695e4ac1", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# ru-RU-DmitryNeural\n", - "# ko-KR-InJoonNeural" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "474c3f39-11ed-4d0a-b039-63df8b270044", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "import os\n", - "print(os.getcwd())" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "2128587f-e6c8-488d-8c40-6c958b9c735e", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", - "language": "python", - "name": "python3" - }, - "language_info": { - "codemirror_mode": { - "name": "ipython", - "version": 3 - }, - "file_extension": ".py", - "mimetype": "text/x-python", - "name": "python", - "nbconvert_exporter": "python", - "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.12.1" - } - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 5 -} diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1-vowels.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1-vowels.md index 9078e824..07801b3f 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1-vowels.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1-vowels.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # 2.1. 元音（Vowels） -英文总计 6 个基础元音，分别是 `ʌ`、`e`、`ə`、`ɪ`、`ʊ`、`ɒ` —— 这 6 个短元音就好像是 “根” 一样。剩下的十几个元音要么是它们略有变化的更长版本，即，长元音 —— `ɑː, æ, əː, iː, uː, ɔː`；要么是它们的组合版本，即，双元音 —— `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`。 +英文总计 6 个基础元音，分别是 `ʌ`、`e`、`ə`、`ɪ`、`ʊ`、`ɒ` —— 这 6 个短元音就好像是 “根” 一样。剩下的十几个元音要么是它们略有变化的更长版本，即，长元音 —— `ɑː, æ, ɝː, i, iː, uː, ɔː`；要么是它们的组合版本，即，双元音 —— `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`。 -In English, there are 6 basic vowels: `ʌ`, `e`, `ə`, `ɪ`, `ʊ`, and `ɒ`. Think of these 6 short vowels like the *roots* of a tree. The remaining more than a dozen vowels are either slightly modified, longer versions of these - the *long* vowels, which are `ɑː, æ, əː, iː, uː, ɔː`; or, they are combinations of these basic sounds, known as *diphthongs* - `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`. +In English, there are 6 basic vowels: `ʌ`, `e`, `ə`, `ɪ`, `ʊ`, and `ɒ`. Think of these 6 short vowels like the *roots* of a tree. The remaining more than a dozen vowels are either slightly modified, longer versions of these - the *long* vowels, which are `ɑː, æ, ɝː, i, iː, uː, ɔː`; or, they are combinations of these basic sounds, known as *diphthongs* - `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`. > 在英式英语中，`er, ɪr, ʊr` 这 3 个双元音分别读作 `eə, ɪə, ʊə`。 > diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.10-ɤ.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.10-ɤ.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8eff4bdd --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.10-ɤ.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# 2.1.10. `ɤ` + +人类的语音在最底层是相通的 —— 最明显的例证就是所有的语言都一样，不仅都以元音为核心，并且，都有大致相同的基础元音音素，比如 `ɑ`、`i`、`ʊ`、`e`、`ɔ`…… 日文就恰好只有这五个母音。英文还另外有一个 `ə`；而韩文比英文还要多出一个 `ɤ`（韩文字符为 `ᅳ`） —— 这个音中文也有，比如，在 “思念” 这个词中， “思”（`sī`）的韵母就是这个音。 + +Human speech, at its core, is universal - the clearest example being that all languages share certain fundamental tenets. Every language places vowels at their heart and maintains a similar basic vowel phonemes such as `ɑ`, `i`, `ʊ`, `e`, `ɔ`, amongst others. Take Japanese for instance; it uses precisely these five vowels only. English includes one more: `ə`. Korean even outpaces English by adding another one —`ɤ` (represented in Hangul as `ᅳ`). Interestingly enough you can find this sound in Mandarin Chinese too — like in `sī` of "思念" `sīniàn`, meaning to miss or remember. + +虽然英文的音标列表里并没有收录 `ɤ` 这个音，可实际上，你试试就知道了：`d` 被读作 `dɤ`，`g` 被读作 `gɤ` —— 其中的 `ɤ` 很轻很短；同样，`t` 实际上被读作 `tɤ`，`k` 被读作 `kɤ` —— 其中的 `ɤ` 没有气流振动。 + +Even though the phonetic symbol `ɤ` isn't included in English phonetic chart, you'll notice something interesting if you try it out: the letter `d` is actually pronounced as `dɤ`, and `g` is pronounced as `gɤ`. Here, the `ɤ` sound is very light and brief. Similarly, `t` is actually pronounced as `tɤ`, and `k` is pronounced as `kɤ`, with the `ɤ` not involving any airflow vibration. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md index 38122ecb..3e2c6474 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ In Mandarin Chinese, the starting position of the tongue tip for the `t` and `d` For Chinese speakers, it's a pretty tough to correct at first because the tongue tip instinctively goes to the teeth, not the *alveolar ridge*. It can only be corrected through intense and frequent practice to build a new habit. -另外，就好像 `p/b` 在发音的时候会自然带着一个很轻的 `ʊ` 一样，`t/d` 也会自然带着一个很轻的元音，不过，不是 `ə` 而是 `ɤ` —— 之前提到过，相当于中文里 “思念” 的 “思”（`sī`）的韵母。 +另外，就好像 `p/b` 在发音的时候会自然带着一个很轻的 `ʊ` 一样，`t/d` 也会自然带着一个很轻的元音，不过，不是 `ə` 而是 `ɤ` —— 之前提到过，相当于中文里 “思念” 的 “思”（`sī`）的韵母（[2.1.10](2.1.10-ɤ)）。 Additionally, just as the `p` and `b` sound naturally carries a slight `ʊ` sound in its pronunciation, the `t` and `d` sound also carries a light vowel sound. But instead of 'ə', it's `ɤ` - as previously mentioned, this is equivalent to the vowel in the Chinese word for 思, which is `sī.` diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md index 0767a879..3b558fc3 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md @@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ Firstly, to pronounce these two sounds, the back part of the tongue must be rais ![articulator-tongue-tip-kg](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-kg.svg) -就好像 `t/d` 在发音的时候一样，`k/g` 也会自然带着一个很轻的元音，再一次，不是 `ə` 而是 `ɤ`，但只有气流通过，没有声带振动。 +就好像 `t/d` 在发音的时候一样，`k/g` 也会自然带着一个很轻的元音，再一次，不是 `ə` 而是 `ɤ`，但只有气流通过，没有声带振动。请仔细体会一下 *class* 的发音：`/klæs/` —— 其中 `ɤ` 的音色，虽然轻微但也明显。 -Moreover, much like the `t/d` sounds, `k/g` also naturally carries a slight vowel sound. Once again, it's not `ə` but `ɤ`, where the air is flowing through without any vocal cord vibration. +Moreover, much like the `t/d` sounds, `k/g` also naturally carries a slight vowel sound. Once again, it's not `ə` but `ɤ`, where the air is flowing through without any vocal cord vibration. Pay close attention to the pronunciation of class: `/klæs/`. The sound ɤ is subtle yet noticeable.