From 2fb8f0f78b31e1c65882a52fa70bf21dcd3abf4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiaolai <lixiaolai@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2024 23:45:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] keep updated

---
 1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts              |  8 ++++++++
 .../3.2.1-categorization.md                   |  8 ++++----
 .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-pb.md    | 20 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md    | 15 ++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-pb.md
 create mode 100644 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md

diff --git a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts
index d84a4da4..5a4094db 100644
--- a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts
+++ b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts
@@ -165,6 +165,14 @@ export default withMermaid(
                         text: "3.2.1. 分类",
                         link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.1-categorization",
                       },
+                      {
+                        text: "3.2.2. p/b",
+                        link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-pb",
+                      },
+                      {
+                        text: "3.2.3. t/d",
+                        link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td",
+                      },
                     ]
                   },
                 ],
diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.1-categorization.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.1-categorization.md
index ac327965..6fae5fd9 100644
--- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.1-categorization.md
+++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.1-categorization.md
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 
 Consonants can be classified into two categories based on whether or not the vocal cords vibrate when the sound is produced. These two categories are voiceless consonants and voiced consonants. Voiceless consonants are produced solely by the vibration of air flow, without the involvement of the vocal cords. Voiced consonants, on the other hand, are produced by the vibration of both the air flow and the vocal cords. For instance, `s` is a voiceless consonant, while `z` is a voiced consonant.
 
-|           | consonants                                                   |
-| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| voiceless | `p`, `t`, `k`, `θ`, `s`, `ʃ`, `tʃ`, `ʒ`, `ts`                     |
-| voiced    | `b`, `d`, `g`, `l`, `m`, `n`, `ŋ`, `ð`, `v`, `z`, `dʒ`, `dz` |
+|           | consonants                                                                   |
+| --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| voiceless | `p`, `t`, `k`, `f`, `s`, `θ`, `ʃ`, `h`, `tʃ`, `tr`, `ts`                     |
+| voiced    | `b`, `d`, `g`, `v`, `z`, `ð`, `ʒ`, `r`, `dʒ`, `dr`, `dz`, `m`, `n`, `ŋ`, `l` |
 
 `w` 和 `y` 这两个辅音被称为半元音 —— 无法用声带振动与否分类。
 
diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-pb.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-pb.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d3e5167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-pb.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# 3.2.2 `p`/`b`
+
+`p` 与 `b` 发声的动作一样，都是先把嘴唇闭合，而后用气流冲开嘴唇。`p` 没有声带振动，而 `b` 有声带振动。
+
+The pronunciation of `p` and `b` share the same mechanism, where the lips first close, then air pressure forces them apart. The difference lies in the vibration of the vocal cords: `p` doesn't involve vocal cord vibration, while `b` does.
+
+这两个辅音都会自然带有很轻微的 `ʊ` 的音色 —— 是气流冲开嘴唇自然产生的声音。
+
+Both consonants naturally have a slight `ʊ` sound, which is a byproduct of the air bursting past lips.
+
+中国学生在起初的时候常常分不清 *please* 和 *police* —— 可事实上，这两个词的区别很明显：
+
+Chinese students often struggle to distinguish between *please* and *police* at first when learning English. But they are distinctly different:
+
+* *please* 只有一个音节：`/pliːz/`，而 *police* 有两个音节： `/pəˈlis/`；
+* *please* consists of a single syllable: `/pliːz/`, while *police* has two syllables: `/pəˈliːs/`.
+* 前者末尾的辅音是 `z`，后者末尾的辅音是 `s`；
+* The final consonant in *please* is a `z` sound, whereas in *police*, it's an `s` sound.
+* 最关键的，前者开头最多听起来是 `pʊ`，而后者不一样，是 `p` 和另外一个元音构成的音节： `pə`……
+* Most importantly, the initial sound in *please* might be heard as `pʊ`, but in *police*, it's different. It's a syllable composed of `p` and another vowel: `pə`...
diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b23df6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# 3.2.3 `t`/`d`
+
+虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 `t`/`d` 的发声关键在于起始的舌尖位置 —— 贴在龈脊（alveolar ridge）上，而不是贴在牙齿上。
+
+While every language has the consonants `t` and `d`, the key to pronouncing them in English lies in the starting position of the tip of the tongue - it should touch the *alveolar ridge*, not the *teeth*.
+
+==这里需要一张图片 ![td]()==
+
+在中文普通话里，`t`/`d` 这两个声母发声时起始的舌尖位置贴在牙齿上；你可以试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（`wǒ tī sǐ nǐ`）……
+
+In Mandarin Chinese, the starting position of the tongue tip for the `t` and `d` sounds rests on the teeth. You can try this out by saying "wǒ tī sǐ nǐ" (我踢死你！) in Mandarin.
+
+对中国人来说，起初的时候这是个相当难以纠正的习惯，因为舌尖总是不由自主地贴到牙齿上而不是龈脊上 —— 只能通过大量且高密度的练习建立新习惯。
+
+For Chinese speakers, it's a pretty tough to correct at first because the tongue tip instinctively goes to the teeth, not the *alveolar ridge*. It can only be corrected through intense and frequent practice to build a new habit.