diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/1.2-phonemes.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/1.2-phonemes.md index 77f8f3b1..73bf48b4 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/1.2-phonemes.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/1.2-phonemes.md @@ -49,10 +49,6 @@ Unfortunately, there's no universal standard for English phonetic notation. Here | `aɪr` | f**ire** `/faɪr/` | | `aʊr` | **hour** `/aʊr/` | -**注**：这个列表中，没有英音 `ɒ` 的对应音 `ɑ`，比如，*hot* `/hɑt/`。在 CEPD 中，*hot* 直接被标注为 `/hɑːt/`，实际上，*hot* 中的 `ɑ` 并没有那么长，虽然它比其它短元音相对更长一些。 - -**Note**: In this list, the American English counterpart to the British English sound `ɒ`, as in *hot* `/hɑt/`, is not included. In CEPD, *hot* is directly marked as `/hɑːt/`. In reality, the `ɑ` sound in *hot* is not that long, although it is relatively longer than other short vowels. - ## 1.2.2. 辅音（Consonants） | Consonants | Examples | diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.8-ɔ.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.8-ɔ.md index dbd2d2f5..38cab6aa 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.8-ɔ.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.8-ɔ.md @@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ When pronouncing this pair of vowels, the lip movement is very noticeable. It's ![vowels-mouth-shape-ɒ-ɔ](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-ɒ-ɔ.svg) -与英音的 `ɒ` 相比，美音的 `ɑː` 会嘴巴张得更大一点，读得更长一点，听起来更像 `ɑ`。比如，*dog*, 英音是 `/dɒg/`, 美音却是 `/dɑːg/`；而 *God*, 英音是 `/gɒd/`，美音同样相对更长一点，`/gɑːd/`。 +在 CEPD 里，美音 `ɑː` 实际上对应的是英音里的短元音 `ɒ`。在美音里，`ɑː` 可以被理解为是个半长元音。 -Compared to British English, the American pronunciation of `ɒ` is slightly *longer* and sounds more like `ɑ`. For instance, for the word *dog*, in British English, it's pronounced as `/dɒg/`, while in American English, it's pronounced as `/dɑːg/`. Similarly, for *God*, it's `/gɒd/` in British English, but in American English it's elongated to `/gɑːd/`. +In the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (CEPD), the American English vowel sound `ɑː` actually corresponds with the short vowel sound `ɒ` in British English. In American English, `ɑː` can be understood as a half ong vowel. -另外，在重读音节里，`ɔː` 可能会被美国人儿化，读成 `ɔː` ，更像是双元音 `ɔər`。比如，*more* `/mɔːr/`。 +与英音的 `ɒ` 相比，美音的 `ɑː` 会嘴巴张得更大一点，读得更长一点，听起来更像 `ɑ`，但口型略圆。比如，*dog*, 英音是 `/dɒg/`, 美音却是 `/dɑːg/`；而 *God*, 英音是 `/gɒd/`，美音同样相对更长一点，`/gɑːd/`。 -Additionally, in *stressed* syllables, `ɔː` might be rhotacized by Americans to sound like `ɔr`, resembling the diphthong `ɔər`, for example, *more* `/mɔːr/`. +Compared to the British `ɒ`, the American `ɑː` is pronounced with a slightly more open mouth, held a bit longer, and sounds more like `ɑ`. However, the shape of the mouth is slightly rounded. For instance, for the word *dog*, in British English, it's pronounced as `/dɒg/`, while in American English, it's pronounced as `/dɑːg/`. Similarly, for *God*, it's `/gɒd/` in British English, but in American English it's elongated to `/gɑːd/`. + +另外，在重读音节里，`ɔː` 可能会被美国人儿化，读成 `ɔːr` ，更像是双元音 `ɔər`。比如，*more* `/mɔːr/`。 + +Additionally, in *stressed* syllables, `ɔː` might be rhotacized by Americans to sound like `ɔːr`, resembling the diphthong `ɔər`, for example, *more* `/mɔːr/`. diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md index 05febe51..6543c393 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md @@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ There are several types of *stops* in English: > * **Dental stop**: `θ`, `ð` - As in *I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother*, the final `θ` in `/pæθ/` is a dental stop. > * 龈塞音: `t`、`d` —— He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss. 第二个单词 `/traɪd/` 末尾的 `d` 就是一个龈塞音。 > * **Alveolar stop**: `t`, `d` - As in *He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss*, where the final `d` in `/traɪd/` is an alveolar stop. -> * 喉塞音：IPA 里用 `ʔ` —— I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个喉塞音，`/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`。 *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/` 是另外一个例子…… `t` 在 `m/n` 之前的时候，会出现这个喉塞音，*utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/` -> * **Glottal stop**: In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the glottal stop is represented by the symbol `ʔ`. Take the phrase *I don't think that's true* for example. At the end of the word *think*, there's a glottal stop, as in `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example is the word *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/`. Also, when a `t` appears before `m` or `n`, a glottal stop is also present, as in `utmost` `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/`. +> * 喉塞音：`k`, `g`, `t` —— IPA 里用 `ʔ`标注。 I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个喉塞音，`/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`。 *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/` 是另外一个例子…… `t` 也有可能用这个喉塞音，比如，*utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/`，或者 `/ˈneʔ·wɝːk/`。 +> * **Glottal stop**: `k`, `g`, `t` - In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the glottal stop is represented by the symbol `ʔ`. Take the sentence *I don't think that's true* for example. At the end of the word *think*, there's a glottal stop, as in `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example is the word *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/`. Also, `t` can sometimes be replaced with a glottal stop, as in *utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/` or *network* `/ˈneʔ·wɝːk/`. 不管是哪一种，大多都是因为之前的一个辅音**虽然并未发出声音却动作完整**造成的。