08-17-0830

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english-old/2.1.8-ɔ.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# 2.1.8. <span class="pho">ɑː/ɔː/ɔːr</span>
+
+这一对元音在发声的时候，嘴唇动作非常明显，要在嘴唇形成一个小的圆形之后才开始发音。
+
+When pronouncing this pair of vowels, the lip movement is very noticeable. It's important to form a small circle with lips before beginning to vocalize.
+
+![vowels-mouth-shape-ɒ-ɔ](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-ɒ-ɔ.svg)
+
+在 CEPD 里，美音 <span class="pho">ɑː</span> 实际上对应的是英音里的短元音 <span class="pho">ɒ</span>。在美音里，<span class="pho">ɑː</span> 可以被理解为是个半长元音。
+
+In the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (CEPD), the American English vowel sound <span class="pho">ɑː</span> actually corresponds with the short vowel sound <span class="pho">ɒ</span> in British English. In American English, <span class="pho">ɑː</span> can be thought of as a *semi-long* vowel.
+
+与英音的 <span class="pho">ɒ</span> 相比，美音的 <span class="pho">ɑː</span> 会嘴巴张得更大一点，读得更长一点，听起来更像 <span class="pho">ɑ</span>，但口型略圆。比如，*dog*, 英音是 <span class="pho alt">dɒg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/dog-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/dog-uk-female.mp3"></span>, 美音却是 <span class="pho alt">dɑːg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>；而 *God*, 英音是 <span class="pho alt">gɒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/god-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/god-uk-female.mp3"></span>，美音同样相对更长一点，<span class="pho alt">gɑːd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/god-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/god-us-female.mp3"></span>。
+
+Compared to the British <span class="pho">ɒ</span>, the American <span class="pho">ɑː</span> is pronounced with a slightly more open mouth, held a bit longer, and sounds more like <span class="pho">ɑ</span>. However, the shape of the mouth is slightly rounded. For instance, for the word *dog*, in British English, it's pronounced as <span class="pho alt">dɒg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/dog-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/dog-uk-female.mp3"></span>, while in American English, it's pronounced as <span class="pho alt">dɑːg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>. Similarly, for *God*, it's <span class="pho alt">gɒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/god-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/god-uk-female.mp3"></span> in British English, but in American English it's elongated to <span class="pho alt">gɑːd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/god-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/god-us-female.mp3"></span>.
+
+但是，长元音 <span class="pho">ɔː</span> 在美式英语里，也许口型张得相对更大一些，但，并没有 <span class="pho">ɑ</span> 的音色。比如，*ordinary* <span class="pho alt">ˈɔːrdəneri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ordinary-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ordinary-us-female.mp3"></span> 或者 inventory <span class="pho alt">ˈɪnvəntɔːri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventory-us-female.mp3"></span>。
+
+However, the long vowel sound <span class="pho">ɔː</span> in American English might require a slightly wider mouth opening, but it doesn't have the flavor of <span class="pho">ɑ</span> sound. For example, *ordinary* <span class="pho alt">ˈɔːrdəneri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ordinary-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ordinary-us-female.mp3"></span> or *inventory* <span class="pho alt">ˈɪnvəntɔːri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventory-us-female.mp3"></span>.
+
+另外，在重读音节里，<span class="pho">ɔː</span> 可能会被美国人儿化，读成 <span class="pho">ɔːr</span> ，更像是双元音 <span class="pho">ɔər</span>。比如，*more* <span class="pho alt">mɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>。
+
+Additionally, in *stressed* syllables, <span class="pho">ɔː</span> might be rhotacized by Americans to sound like <span class="pho">ɔːr</span>, resembling the diphthong <span class="pho">ɔər</span>, for example, *more* <span class="pho alt">mɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>.
+
+## 拼写（Spellings）
+
+### <span class="pho">ɑː</span> (equivalent to British <span class="pho">ɒ</span>)
+
+* **a**
+  * father <span class="pho alt">ˈfɑː.ðɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/father-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/father-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * watch <span class="pho alt">wɑːtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/watch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/watch-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * wasp <span class="pho alt">wɑːsp</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wasp-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wasp-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **al**
+  * almond <span class="pho alt">ˈɑːl.mənd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/almond-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/almond-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * balm <span class="pho alt">bɑːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/balm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/balm-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * palm <span class="pho alt">pɑːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/palm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/palm-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **au**
+  * because <span class="pho alt">bɪˈkɑːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/because-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/because-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * clause <span class="pho alt">klɑːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/clause-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/clause-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * paunch <span class="pho alt">pɑːntʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/paunch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/paunch-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **aw**
+  * drawn <span class="pho alt">drɑːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/drawn-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/drawn-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * awning <span class="pho alt">ˈɑː.nɪŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/awning-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/awning-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * law <span class="pho alt">lɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/law-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/law-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **o**
+  * hot <span class="pho alt">hɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * dog <span class="pho alt">dɑːɡ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * log <span class="pho alt">lɑːɡ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/log-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/log-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **ough**
+  * bought <span class="pho alt">bɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/bought-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/bought-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * thought <span class="pho alt">θɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/thought-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/thought-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * fought <span class="pho alt">fɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fought-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fought-us-female.mp3"></span>
+
+
+### <span class="pho">ɔː</span>
+
+* **al**
+  * palsy <span class="pho alt">ˈpɔːl.zi</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/palsy-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/palsy-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * saltine <span class="pho alt">sɔːlˈtiːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/saltine-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/saltine-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * wall <span class="pho alt">wɑːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wall-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wall-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **au**
+  * aurora <span class="pho alt">ɔːˈrɔːr.ə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/aurora-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/aurora-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * caudal <span class="pho alt">ˈkɔː.dəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/caudal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/caudal-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * saute <span class="pho alt">sɔːˈteɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/saute-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/saute-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **aw**
+  * draw <span class="pho alt">drɔː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/draw-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/draw-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * saw <span class="pho alt">sɔː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/saw-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/saw-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **o**
+  * boring <span class="pho alt">ˈbɔː.rɪŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boring-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boring-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * orange <span class="pho alt">ˈɔːr.ɪndʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/orange-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/orange-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * inventory <span class="pho alt">ˈɪn.vən.tɔːr.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventory-us-female.mp3"></span>
+
+### <span class="pho">ɔːr</span>
+
+* **or**
+  * fork <span class="pho alt">fɔːrk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fork-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fork-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * horse <span class="pho alt">hɔːrs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/horse-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/horse-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * short <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/short-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/short-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **oar**
+  * board <span class="pho alt">bɔːrd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/board-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/board-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * soar <span class="pho alt">sɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/soar-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/soar-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * roar <span class="pho alt">rɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/roar-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/roar-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **our**
+  * four <span class="pho alt">fɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/four-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/four-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * pour <span class="pho alt">pɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/pour-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/pour-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **ore**
+  * core <span class="pho alt">kɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/core-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/core-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * more <span class="pho alt">mɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * shore <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/shore-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/shore-us-female.mp3"></span>
+* **oor**
+  * door <span class="pho alt">dɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/door-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/door-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * floor <span class="pho alt">flɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/floor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/floor-us-female.mp3"></span>