08-17-0830

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english-old/2.2.7-θð.md

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+# 2.2.7 <span class="pho">θ/ð</span>
+
+对很多人来说，<span class="pho">θ/ð</span> 相对较难 —— 主要是因为很多语言中没有这两个音，比如，中日韩都一样，都没有这两个音。
+
+For many people, producing the sounds <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> can be a challenge. This is primarily because these sounds aren't present in many languages. For instance, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean are all languages that don't have these sounds.
+
+![articulator-tongue-tip-th](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-th.svg)
+
+虽然，英语老师们都强调说，发这两个音的时候要用牙齿咬住一点点舌尖再发声，也就是说，舌尖要伸出牙齿一点点 —— 这么做当然发声更为清楚，在读单个音节或词汇的时候尤为明显……
+
+English teachers often emphasize that to produce these sounds, you should lightly bite the tip of your tongue with your teeth before vocalizing it - meaning, the tip of your tongue should slightly stick out past your teeth. Utilizing this technique undoubtedly makes your pronunciation clearer, especially when articulating individual syllables or words.
+
+但是，在连贯的自然语音之中，会有大量处于**非重音**位置的 <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> 发声时起始的舌尖位置并没有伸到牙齿之外，只是**贴在牙齿**上而已 —— 即，位置 ①（参见 [1.4](1.4-articulators)）。反过来，即便是处于**重音**位置的 <span class="pho">θ/ð</span>, 也一样可以把发声动作**简化**一下，只要舌尖贴到牙齿上，而后开始发音即可。
+
+However, within the flow of natural speech, many instances of the <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> that are in non-stressed positions start with the tongue tip not extending beyond the teeth, but only resting against them— that is, position ① (as described in [1.4](1.4-articulators)). Even when <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> phonemes are in stressed positions, the articulation can be simplified. All you need to do is place the tip of the tongue against the teeth, and then begin to vocalize.
+
+最初练习的时候，可以借助 <span class="pho">s/z</span> 作为辅助:
+
+> * 先发 <span class="pho">s</span> 的音，而后，把舌尖往前推一点点就接触到了牙齿，然后以与 <span class="pho">s</span> 同样的方式发音，就能听到 <span class="pho">θ</span>；然后分别说两个词 *sink* <span class="pho alt">sɪŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sink-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sink-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 *think* <span class="pho alt">θɪŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/think-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/think-us-female.mp3"></span>……
+> * 先发 <span class="pho">z</span> 的音，而后，把舌尖往前推一点点就接触到了牙齿，然后以与 <span class="pho">z</span> 同样的方式发音，就能听到 <span class="pho">ð</span>；然后分别说两个词 *zed* <span class="pho alt">zed</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/zed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/zed-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 *that* <span class="pho alt">ðæt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/that-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/that-us-female.mp3"></span>……
+
+When you first start practicing, you can use the sounds of <span class="pho">s/z</span> as guides to help:
+
+>* Begin by making the <span class="pho">s</span> sound. Then, gently push the tip of your tongue forward until it touches your teeth. After this, produce the sound in the same way as <span class="pho">s</span>, and you should hear the <span class="pho">θ</span>. Practice this with words like *sink* <span class="pho alt">sɪŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sink-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sink-us-female.mp3"></span> and *think* <span class="pho alt">θɪŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/think-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/think-us-female.mp3"></span>...
+>* Start with the <span class="pho">z</span> sound. Again, push the tip of your tongue forward until it contacts your teeth. Create the sound as you would with <span class="pho">z</span>, and you should notice the <span class="pho">ð</span>. Try this with words such as *zed* <span class="pho alt">zed</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/zed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/zed-us-female.mp3"></span> and *that* <span class="pho alt">ðæt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/that-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/that-us-female.mp3"></span>...
+
+## 拼写（Spellings）
+
+### <span class="pho">θ</span>
+
+* **th**
+  * think <span class="pho alt">θɪŋk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/think-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/think-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * bath <span class="pho alt">bæθ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/bath-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/bath-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * wealth <span class="pho alt">welθ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wealth-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wealth-us-female.mp3"></span>
+
+### <span class="pho">ð</span>
+
+* **th**
+  * this <span class="pho alt">ðɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/this-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/this-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * then <span class="pho alt">ðen</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/then-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/then-us-female.mp3"></span>
+  * with <span class="pho alt">wɪð</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/with-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/with-us-female.mp3"></span>