diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-fv.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-fv.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e08a8bab --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-fv.svg @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-fv + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-kg.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-kg.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e94b399b --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-kg.svg @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-kg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-r.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-r.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..82680931 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-r.svg @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-r + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..576abb4c --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-sh + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sz.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sz.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0a323fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sz.svg @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-sz + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ba06f5dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-td + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-th.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-th.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e0c5287 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-th.svg @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-ɚ.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-ɚ.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d3ada816 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/articulator-tongue-tip-ɚ.svg @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + + + articulator-tongue-tip-ɚ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.5-ə.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.5-ə.md index 4b6fe3c4..be1ffa67 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.5-ə.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.5-ə.md @@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ The `ər` (or `ɚ`) sound, referred to as rhotacized sound, can be produced in t 由于这个音发声时的舌头动作是别人看不见的，所以，人们在学这个发音的时候，无法猜到第二种方式：舌尖保持原位，舍尾部分抬起来，使舌的两侧接触到后牙。舌尾的中心部分较低，空气通过这个凹槽产生声音。 -==此处需要图片== -(https://pronuncian.com/pronounce-schwar) +![articulator-tongue-tip-ɚ](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-ɚ.svg) Since the tongue's movements are invisible during speech, it's difficult for learners to guess the second method, which involves keeping the tongue tip in place, lifting the back part of the tongue, and allowing the sides of the tongue to touch the back teeth. The center of the tongue's rear is slightly lowered, creating a groove for the air to pass through and generate the sound. diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.10-tʃdʒ.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.10-tʃdʒ.md index 0327d227..964b85ef 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.10-tʃdʒ.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.10-tʃdʒ.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # 2.2.10. `tʃ/dʒ` -`ʃ/ʒ` 发声时舌尖贴近但没有接触到龈脊的对应部位，`tʃ/dʒ` 则需要舌尖贴到那个部位。 +`ʃ/ʒ` 发声时舌尖贴近但没有接触到龈脊，`tʃ/dʒ` 则需要舌尖贴到龈脊，和 `t/d` 一样。。 -When pronouncing `ʃ/ʒ`, the tip of your tongue should be close to, but not touching, the corresponding area of the alveolar ridge. For `tʃ/dʒ`, however, you need to touch that area with your tongue tip. +When pronouncing `ʃ/ʒ`, the tip of your tongue should be close to, but not touching, the alveolar ridge. For `tʃ/dʒ`, however, you need to touch the alveolar ridge with your tongue tip, same as when pronouncing `t/d`. -==此处需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-td](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg) 为了让舌尖适应那个部位，不妨反复练习： diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.12-tsdz.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.12-tsdz.md index feff9002..07d83a01 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.12-tsdz.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.12-tsdz.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The difference between `ts/dz` and `s/z` lies in the initial tongue position during pronunciation. For `s/z`, the tip of the tongue is close to, but not touching, the *seam* of the teeth and gums. However, for `ts/dz`, the tongue tip is a bit further back, identical to the initial position when pronouncing `t/d`. It starts pronouncing from that spot of the *alveolar ridge*. -==此处需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-td](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg) 可以用 *students* `/ˈstudənts/` 这个词反复体会 `s`、`d`、`ts` 的舌尖位置（注意，开头的 `st` 会被读成 `sd`）…… diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.14-lr.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.14-lr.md index ab94ca27..4cf8d77a 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.14-lr.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.14-lr.md @@ -4,26 +4,18 @@ When pronouncing the 'l' sound, the tip of the tongue starts in the same position as it does for 't/d'. -==此处需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-td](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg) `r` 发声时起始的舌尖位置相对更加靠后。 +![articulator-tongue-tip-r](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-r.svg) + For the 'r' sound, the tongue's tip begins a bit further back. `l` 和 `r` 处于音节开头的时候，人们一般不会觉得困难，比如 *lot* 或者 *rot*…… Pronouncing 'l' and 'r' at the beginning of syllables usually is of no difficulty at all, for example in words like 'lot' or 'rot'… -==此处需要图片== - -有一个重要的细节： - -Here's an important detail to note: - -> 美式英语中，`r` 发声的时候，舌尖**从不接触**龈脊，只是非常接近龈脊。 - -In American English, when pronouncing the `r` sound, the tip of the tongue *never* actually touches the *alveolar ridge*, but comes very close to it. - `l` 的困难总是来自于它们处在音节末尾的时候。 The difficulty with 'l' often arises when it's at the end of a syllable. diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md index 21f0e2b9..bde44fa2 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # 2.2.3 `t/d` -虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 `t/d` 的发声关键在于起始的舌尖位置 —— 顶在龈脊（alveolar ridge）的前部，而不是贴在牙齿上。 +虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 `t/d` 的发声关键在于起始的舌尖位置 —— 顶在龈脊（alveolar ridge）上，而不是贴在牙齿上。 -While every language has the consonants `t` and `d`, the key to pronouncing them in English lies in the starting position of the tip of the tongue - it should touch the front part of *alveolar ridge*, not the *teeth*. +While every language has the consonants `t` and `d`, the key to pronouncing them in English lies in the starting position of the tip of the tongue - it should touch the *alveolar ridge*, not the *teeth*. -==这里需要一张图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-td](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg) 在中文普通话里，`t/d` 这两个声母发声时起始的舌尖位置贴在牙齿上；你可以试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（`wǒ tī sǐ nǐ`）…… diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md index f6b06e45..29a85a18 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.4-kg.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Thankfully, these two sounds exist in almost every language. Otherwise, learning Firstly, to pronounce these two sounds, the back part of the tongue must be raised and pressed against the *soft palate*. This action takes place deep in the mouth, so it's not something we can see directly. In fact, most people don't even know exactly how they produce these sounds, nor can anyone recall how they learned to make them as children. -==此处需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-kg](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-kg.svg) 就好像 `t/d` 在发音的时候一样，`k/g` 也会自然带着一个很轻的元音，再一次，不是 `ə` 而是 `ɤ`。 diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.5-fv.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.5-fv.md index 7326e13d..138edf2c 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.5-fv.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.5-fv.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Unlike `k/g`, the articulation of `f/v` is actually visible: the *lower lip* retracts slightly, and the *upper teeth* rest on the lower lip before beginning to sound. -==这里需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-fv](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-fv.svg) 韩语中没有这两个音，所以，他们会不由自主地用 `p` 替代 `f`，用 `b` 替代 `v`；所以，我们经常会听到韩国人把 *photo* 说成 `/ˈpoʊˌtoʊ/`，把 *video* 说成 `/ˈbɪdioʊ/`…… diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.6-sz.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.6-sz.md index d09aff2d..ef1d9c82 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.6-sz.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.6-sz.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The `s/z` sounds don't really pose a challenge for most people. When producing these sounds, the tip of the tongue is close to, but not touching, the *seam* between teeth and gums. -==此处需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-sz](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sz.svg) 需要注意的是，`s` 之后的 `p`、`t`、`tr`、`k` 会被浊化，相应读成 `b`、`d`、`dr`、`g`（但是，音标标注却保持原样）： diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.7-θð.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.7-θð.md index b70d5678..9d5d884d 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.7-θð.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.7-θð.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 虽然英语老师们都强调说，发这两个音的时候要用牙齿咬住一点点舌尖再发声，也就是说，舌尖要伸出牙齿一点点 —— 这么做当然发声更为清楚，在读单个音节或词汇的时候尤为明显…… -==此处需要图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-th](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-th.svg) 不过，在连贯的自然语音之中，会有大量处于**非重音**位置的 `θ/ð` 发声时起始的舌尖位置并没有伸到牙齿之外，只是**贴在牙齿**上而已。反过来，即便是处于**重音**位置的 `θ/ð`, 也一样可以把发声动作**简化**一下，只要舌尖贴到牙齿上，而后开始发音即可。 diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.8-ʃʒ.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.8-ʃʒ.md index 96d46f7a..a7cf4a2f 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.8-ʃʒ.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.8-ʃʒ.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The pronunciation of `ʃ` may not pose much of a challenge for many people, yet > * `r` 相对于 `ʃ/ʒ` 还要再往后一点，贴在龈脊的那个部位…… > * For `r`, it's further back than `ʃ/ʒ`, touching the part of the *alveolar ridge*... -==此处需要多张对比的图片== +![articulator-tongue-tip-sh](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg) 除了英语之外，大多语言里没有 `ʒ` 这个辅音。即便是在英语里，含有这个辅音的词汇也很少，常见的不过几十个而已。