diff --git a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts index 21ff21a0..057779ff 100644 --- a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts +++ b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts @@ -246,16 +246,16 @@ export default withMermaid( link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop", }, { - text: "3.4.1. 辅音 + 元音", - link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-cv", + text: "3.4.2. 辅音 + 元音", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.2-cv", }, { - text: "3.4.2. 辅音 + 辅音", - link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.2-cc", + text: "3.4.3. 辅音 + 辅音", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.3-cc", }, { - text: "3.4.2. 元音 + 元音", - link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.3-vv", + text: "3.4.4. 元音 + 元音", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.4-vv", }, ] }, diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md index 394eb175..b4953214 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Regardless of the type, such a stop occurs when a previous consonant is fully ar Apart from *stops*, a sentence can be divided into several *meaning groups*, each separated by an obvious *pause*. -比如，*I don't think I've got any milk left*. 这句话显然会被分割为至少两个**意群**：*I don't think* | *I've got any milk left*. 因为两个意群之间有**暂停**，所以 *think* `/θɪŋk/` 末尾的 `k` 不会与后面的只有一个元音的单音节词汇 *I* `/aɪ/` 连在一起。另外，请注意这里的 *milk* —— 这个词你专门练过 —— 它末尾的 `k` 会有个**喉塞音**…… +比如，*I don't think I've got any milk left*. 这句话显然会被分割为至少两个**意群**：*I don't think* | *I've got any milk left*. 因为两个意群之间有**暂停**，所以 *think* `/θɪŋk/` 末尾的 `k` 不会与后面的只有一个元音的单音节词汇 *I* `/aɪ/` 连在一起。另外，请注意这里的 *milk* —— 这个词你专门练过 —— 它末尾的 `k` 是个**喉塞音**…… For example, the sentence "*I don't think I've got any milk left.*" would likely be split into two meaning groups: "*I don't think*" and "*I've got any milk left.*" Because there's a *pause* between these groups, the `k` at the end of *think* doesn't connect with the following monosyllabic word *I*. Additionally, note the word *milk* - a word you've intensely practiced before - at the end, where there's a *glottal stop* with the `k` sound. diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.2-cv.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.2-cv.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..102818d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.2-cv.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 3.4.2 辅音 + 元音（Consonant + Vowel） + +在词汇内部，“辅音 + 元音” 当然可以构成一个音节；在同一个**意群**（meaning group）中，如果**以辅音结尾的词汇**遇到**以元音开头的词汇**的话，那么前一个词末尾的**辅音**和后一个词开头的**元音**很可能会连起来读，听起来构成一个**音节**，这种方式叫做**连读**。 + +A syllable can be formed by a "consonant + vowel" combination within a word. Within the same *meaning group*, if a word *ending in a consonant* meets a word *beginning with a vowel*, the final consonant of the first word and the initial vowel of the second word *may well* blend together when spoken, sounding as if they form a single *syllable*, which is often referred to as *connecting* or *linking*. + +比如在 *People's opinions vary from individual to individual.* 在这句话中，*People's* 末尾的 `z` 和 *opinions* 开头的 `o` 会连在一起，`/pi-pəl-zə-ˈpɪ-njənz/` —— 感觉上是在读一整个由 *5* 个音节构成的词汇一样…… + +这类**连读**中有相当难度乃至于必须刻意练习的其实只有两种，`t` 和 `l` 构成的连读。 + +there are two particular types which are quite challenging and require deliberate practice. These involve the use of `t` and `l`, respectively. + +在美式英语里，`t` 有个特殊的现象，它夹在两个元音之间的时候会被浊化，被读成弹舌音，用 `t̬` 表示，听起来接近 `d`…… 比如，在 city `/ˈsɪt̬i/` 这个词汇里， `t` 就夹在两个元音之间。 + +In American English, the `t` sound has a unique characteristic. When it's sandwiched between two vowels, it's often voiced with an *alveolar flapping*, creating a sound very close to `d`. This is represented as `t̬`. For example, in the word *city* `/ˈsɪt̬i`/, the `t` is between two vowels. + +在自然语流里，同一个意群中，经常会出现以 `t` 结尾的词汇后面跟着一个以元音开头的词汇，并且，`t` 的前面是元音的概率也很高，所以，词汇之间出现 `t` 的浊化弹舌音 `t̬` 的情况非常普遍。 + +In natural speech flow, it's common to find a word ending with `t` closely followed by a word beginning with a vowel within the same meaning group. Furthermore, there's a high possibility that the `t` is preceded by a vowel. Therefore, the occurrence of the flapped `t̬` between words is incredibly prevalent. + +`l` 构成的连读，对绝大多数人来说，难点在于，如果前一个单词末尾的 `l` **舌尖动作不够完整**的话（即，结束的时候舌尖没有贴到龈脊）那么，`l` 这个弹舌音就发不出来，无法与后面的元音连上…… 尤其是在没有纠正掉用嘴唇动作替代舌尖动作的错误（乃至于有 `ʊ` 的音色）的情况下。 + +The challenge of linked speech involving `l` lies in the tongue's movement. If the tip of the tongue does not make complete contact with the roof of the mouth at the end of a word ending in `l`, it's difficult to produce the appropriate sound for the subsequent flapping `l` with the following vowel. This is especially true if the habit of substituting the movement of the lips for the action of the tongue hasn't been corrected, leading to a sound colored by `ʊ`. + +初学者容易矫枉过正，想把一切自己遇到的词汇间 “辅音 + 元音” 的组合连起来读…… 请注意，是**很可能**连起来读，但**并不一定**。首先，这多少与个人讲话的习惯有关。更为重要的是，讲话的时候要划分**意群**，意群之间要有**暂停**（*pause*）—— 前一个意群末尾的辅音和下一个意群开头的元音，不应该连读。 + +Beginners often overcorrect when learning English, trying to merge all "consonant + vowel" combinations they encounter. Remember, it's *possible* to connect sounds, but it's not always *necessary*. This largely depends on personal speaking habits. More importantly, when speaking, one should divide their speech into *thought groups*, pausing between each group. Do not blend the ending consonant of one thought group with the beginning vowel of the next. + diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.3-cc.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.3-cc.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..406cd2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.3-cc.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# 3.4.3. 辅音 + 辅音（Consonant + Consonant） + diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.4-vv.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.4-vv.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b