From afe2910f98cc9da17eae46425d316119fc2ef235 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xiaolai Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:07:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] keep updated --- 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md | 4 ++-- 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md | 11 +++++++---- 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md index ec2f915a..3846ca24 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The `t` sound may be the most complex in American English pronunciation — and > * Standard `t` - This is the typical pronunciation, only used when `t` begins a stressed syllable, as in *take* `/teɪk/`. > * 弹舌音 `t̬` - 夹在两个元音中间的 `t` 会变成接近 `d` 的弹舌音 `t̬`，比如，*water* `/ˈwɔt̬ɚ/`； > * Flapped `t̬`: When `t` is situated between two vowels, it tends to be flapped `t̬`, sounding like `d`, as in water `/ˈwɔt̬ɚ/`. -> * 喉塞音 `ʔ` - `n` 之前的 `t` 有可能变成喉塞音 `ʔ`，比如，*fitness* `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`； -> * Glottal Stop `ʔ` - The `t` before `n` might transform into a glottal stop, as in fitness `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`. +> * 喉塞音 `ʔ` - `m/n` 之前的 `t` 有可能变成喉塞音 `ʔ`，比如，*utmost* `/ˈəʔˌmoʊst/`, *fitness* `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`, *witness* `/wiʔnetss*/`； +> * Glottal Stop `ʔ` - The `t` before `n` might transform into a glottal stop, as in *utmost* `/ˈəʔˌmoʊst/`, *fitness* `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`, or *witness* `/wiʔnetss*/`. > * 省略音 `·` - `n` 之后的 `t` 可能会被省略掉，比如，*winter* `/ˈwɪn·ər/`…… > * Dropped `·` - The `t` following `n` might be omitted, as in winter `/ˈwɪn·ər/`... diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md index 3b1559f0..7fcdabdd 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.4.1-stop.md @@ -26,14 +26,17 @@ Consider the word *hotdog*. You can't hear the 't,' but the articulation is comp 这类**停顿**（*stop*），也叫**塞音**，最常见的有 3 种： -There are three main types of stops, in English: +There are four main types of stops, in English: +> * 唇塞音：`p`、`b`、`m` —— I just cannot *hel**p*** myself. 第四个单词 `/help/` 末尾的 `p` 就是一个唇塞音。 +> * **Labial stop**: As in *I just cannot *hel**p*** myself*, the `p` in `/help/` is a labial stop. > * 齿塞音：`θ`、`ð` —— I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother. 第四个单词 `/pæθ/` 末尾的 `θ` 就是一个齿塞音。 -> * **dental stop:** `θ`, `ð` - For example, in "I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother", the final `θ` in `pæθ` is a dental stop. +> * **Dental stop:** `θ`, `ð` - As in *I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother*, the final `θ` in `/pæθ/` is a dental stop. > * 龈塞音: `t`、`d` —— He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss. 第二个单词 `/traɪd/` 末尾的 `d` 就是一个龈塞音。 -> * **alveolar stop**: `t`, `d` - As in "He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss," where the final `d` in `/traɪd/` is an alveolar stop. +> * **Alveolar stop**: `t`, `d` - As in *He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss*, where the final `d` in `/traɪd/` is an alveolar stop. > * 喉塞音：`k`、`g` —— IPA 里用 `ʔ` 标注。I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个喉塞音，`/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`。另外一个喉塞音语 `k`、`g` 没有关系，*uh-oh*, `/ɑʔoʊ/`…… -> * **glottal stop**: `k`, `g` - denoted as `ʔ` in IPA. *I don't think that is true*. The *k* at the end of the word *think* is a glottal stop, pronounced as `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example of a glottal stop which is not related to `k` or `g` is in the expression `uh-oh`, pronounced as `/ɑʔoʊ/`... +> * **Glottal stop**: `k`, `g` - denoted as `ʔ` in IPA. *I don't think that is true*. The *k* at the end of the word *think* is a glottal stop, pronounced as `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example of a glottal stop which is not related to `k` or `g` is in the expression `uh-oh`, pronounced as `/ɑʔoʊ/`... + 不管是哪一种，都是因为之前的一个辅音**虽然并未发出声音却动作完整**造成的。