From e226a7b3682c12014d5667e75643df7255ba806e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xiaolai Date: Sun, 10 Mar 2024 14:08:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] keep updated --- 1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts | 14 ++++ 1000-hours/public/images/5-chars.svg | 31 +++++++++ .../public/images/5-syllables-individual.svg | 64 ++++++++++++++++++ 1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables.png | Bin 0 -> 34340 bytes 1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables.svg | 35 ++++++++++ .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.14-lr.md | 2 +- .../3.3-syllables.md | 33 +++++++++ .../3.3.1-structure.md | 22 ++++++ .../3.3.2-stress.md | 59 ++++++++++++++++ 9 files changed, 259 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 1000-hours/public/images/5-chars.svg create mode 100644 1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables-individual.svg create mode 100644 1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables.png create mode 100644 1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables.svg create mode 100644 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3-syllables.md create mode 100644 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.1-structure.md create mode 100644 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.2-stress.md diff --git a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts index 1cad76f6..72c21af8 100644 --- a/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts +++ b/1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts @@ -223,6 +223,20 @@ export default withMermaid( }, ] }, + { + text: "3.3. 音节", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.3-syllables", + items: [ + { + text: "3.3.1. 构成", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.1-structure", + }, + { + text: "3.3.2. 重音", + link: "/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.2-stress", + }, + ] + }, ], }, ], diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/5-chars.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/5-chars.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9d9dbf99 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/5-chars.svg @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + 5-chars + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables-individual.svg b/1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables-individual.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c8405aac --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables-individual.svg @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ + + + 5-syllables-individual + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + wəl + + + dʒə + + + ˈvɪ + + + də + + + ˌɪn + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables.png b/1000-hours/public/images/5-syllables.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68b40792867629850f786cf9dd5dbf2b123c681d GIT binary patch literal 34340 zcmeFZbySq!_dm)E0}LQ3A)yQ{sf4sJNJ=+Sf|PW(#Gn#_AdNJV(hW)@DBTTG(v5U; zp9jC6@BM!7x_{ii@A|#hayjpr=bW?8KCiv^Ywvv?Kd30l;Nei>prN7RJ(rbKLqkJH zprJvg;h4ZTJhj(Jz+Vt&HJN8<#eLN4!2d{^y?Ab}sEEc2e1@Yzf-KQs;3L2vO5hJL zJRO3D4*U%Pze|Vy=T~$@I{JS;L#Dw8%fI1yprIkro=b{rctExqu#-(SJx}}!@=wgX zj#E=9Fh9SVzzp=6Bh|scAc4h>V@QpBTXw~><7#8SR@BeHe$GofD7i=$_Pl4mF|qyw zr4-5IW<)Td0|hK_(yO*E|GG(-=jm{_LErbyy!_oO@BF%rROi%H!8zxeRngafMfl)I zG$(&@FVJPYnzVabYY+YS<0{?y55T?4d4FPF1thO@D7V6u<6N>3{xr;V})Z^>p2ZuT~-BRIQ z@wquUFLRulDmmnRZy)OTgoZEcYZH0rR;kCZON(|rjV)QCfr6-MT|L%WUCKE?6s!v-beH;PV) z&&^cvZ>_hS771gZ3YYZ<4cUJQ=Jm$QYqrQDfaa{@;OE56;J1kGY?C)m>MYo|vRGoz zqp}!fJ#WR7l}Kk=U6gkcO-+#wmYTHh!2Ygr=J<>~J(3id8yN@7*TIn>`{y8<15vdG zSK|JCLH1LELuZ;-G^J(H^|$^b;y#2rV(SGR_N_qda0~rk)3I05p>#TCKe0PQ7@R;4 z!+=1N7s3V}LT|-bhg+1MWsh1Nu|=t^_^fTdsWaJ@)uxh@02P43^B2Lon4A!Qc`M}_ zHT0U2CQaK_M!tAo-06MX6UwkAwn_XE@Zq(GP?wgCuPZs_peS9;>Ef%}-65G>HKsKf zk4EMcaxPu7L_b4-MVmdLlE`Fxx;yUyO$}(lMh^1N`SSsf0LjJj>J}Gb`0b(wPJ%?RK?M*xk&^hgr!Gl!Pc7rd(QO#%LdM`y?fUo*l+c11 zcw&1baRdWAs!RZIZ`!G!*rw?SATCt)z%P--fNGq6hC19H-yZhJ<`HRebTh=UA)u51 zn1CFdU?^$?)HSLVmOq+*Ktvb@p>V%Pn*)kvK?OWuI~=0{10Se^kr+6LLNhd{{FXSy z+24V>7X@{n%aMl-N*RxB<2)%a$Hx&9jQ+=q{uK@I02%CsOCCpJq#PLI98#Nq?Ck8M zb#}d!;jmRuQabLg#+KP`{ij+96kK+imyr}a)OlY2+!4G@HhjHPnsU6=)&Q|JYrmN`yU{_lyv7&>AYzy58JVMv`Hps=sJaW~Q zmc5DHzV+kQb=W=!R?_2Ri+u~O#O_b<%{-wt&_|PR!Ta0T;|XARB?p8KVLM%^0jL>; ziiYLC$wbHq8qZ{n-3XW)8~=GAv(<9v77xmx(EMDa;9<{`Ksag!JqjeqeD1Bbei>^f z0Ys*Uj|gSNX%GVwp}~@A(>aw-#;vOGxI1oQs#*5`s)t>9q~0+)E*R2<`~*&nnHWI) zha#mE5b-ezNP_EPX96@5Zs*HN0B9s#1WJj!A5m+3rW)~@+~#KxiT~NrTi1+#-s_mS z8M2@PhzQOH@4!AQPL5zUYyOEr@mEKXrX;4=T>M-GR4f|Q890O<$d7+6{9zm_Il{gh z+fzmN(NM0i%r;HTfn(+pztf1n#VzWBX`6)*Tqs#kY&3sk_~GH9&B(WirkLtXp0OA4 z_2Zpqr!Rgv5nk&n+c6xgFCr7@PJ5T=-*dBYM$9fWGRdw#JYr6Nc z)yWjZE}H*aU?U_j$|wJ3`HZx8cR!JiokgtvLAVZ64xT`K+%``5uCDV$30z!VZ7FGJ zPTHeNZ|xNve=G3q*#A!-)9+(H#>~2}7b|pYT7FR6C!9-DazBL?)37y9iVfSx ze?f#$R>8=r{DObk`=c(-H?7dSspdL?TmR3I+ItVER%O6VV5nOnyhs z)7yG???wyIR*!UmzanISK;iU0^dFF9mD6i#F1(&U|Kokyr94`wGoDog#r`)ZDS&|g z_LWP|fH*-Tw-?FsUM%Zj#{z2;Tfm)=+lY>oh6STcVZ>bjhCPLZEePnT4GYjTs$#K( z?B{P4NzmP@lz|p-&hIJBZcjO#5ISnbc(?t_Uln*AkFhqHyeyh%^QaDHIk>VWZX zGlbf!#ioK-3KByuXw@oi8rJhri8EyG34L}A0-iG`AhljTZ2Ao4l$*$3JLD7aR zBkYj3`VW$S{No1?-vVTdC}t20@@UXsu*BYTvtJ2!&1_cK#UfQnKyN$11v;*ryu63N zn*L*m0SgaLVK^13nPBM?3nNDG%VT;V4Ex&3g@HS*aEa}z0gyCWE&SL~Jl2p53lTI5Mo-2JAOAEb7> z6C+NS@LN#{9fD9f9arCLjW`}PXZ-!}q4U*x0xOc7^;X$Nm;kzXjP^h(1~41?^c`&( zk|poc*sbWs*6sq1L{KCbPJm(b*}k#D2WD($f%cjo{HDW;60LnjicM_*4*VY;7QzgF zcVF{TfrPaS@Vq8HXe;O@CyMaY zm;lcQ;RgWoj7J*%-w48omam#)xy=8IC<_t-V1uyI{qq&!s9K5GGVZhVLVb(ZEZ_f~ z00*$&N*K#O%vxf*$TtsK1~9Oclrg)s%0a`q!Nt{pX`VwqW&9H)6{RI6Ca2~#EMFe4 zlE>?S+$vLrf;Pemh?2Lbdhb@h+z1uvlY$v@eo9j6h&z;ow?5tm@YE9nbdPR@T@s(4 z5P6^2QK<0(x9$C1Pf#7E&jHRQpV$Fn49%YbhOeylFqB&tF9j}3hKRgnod7t4G1$xh zLFO1%`2etI`6tm|k7OK>Jt~p7pd{uX&?P<~{sA3ngfx@Wk4%QkzU9k=gA;22zpE`| zKE9PBi#DC2bgaOeG3+C+S=BY1D1sM_1sBvU1klZYGi<h6b;SIiD~6P)^5YRC1@>0Kl5%k9t3{~Rr_=L=_!JV znRz{Md4S8G1(5jyK)K}&Urr#Xj=D{fq=3-R62({h5A68<`}ZTvqw_pgd2z(Rqh68&RI6PN|L0EN&?o)Y;nG>; zF>S{0G5n?RK()*OVhRx6j!!3nCi++fki`4a3~AJVgs?2bkt~4S=fUKf_S{)LHt+xi zr4NHtl#%nX5!W+vT?iF0g%TZL_0NkG4ZtM@B+~~i*d5xav1wG3b zb=FbY^GL$lKEyS{fxX=Yu9 zI;QMrpnSUTkX0LkcOid8YK^LXslJN^9uNjh&N4_V3;*^3z@x7dK`dL`T1`P|{&&tP z*PH+kPNw~ZVz8C!0wYH$kN_EDfBdgFO#yjLhe*|aMLFA(NGc9amjR@#k_WW^{Gb#4 zd>{LZ)OPk4-=FZj1y8L9@L$|m@LSLz(;q|oTw2t^*57KrsK|r^`JoGNIw`&|6+cjt zY@)A1!x#l>f7jk>PC25CK}>*p(+yQO1b+`Fbg-s221Z1LE)ytfRm}KdU$l36VkzWkBa0?koDKszQ6n{JIdZA0Lrlj zO=bJI)eBsrNTE3!9;{t5PJuPlC3CkL2z4A10LIJ`aU{U)RNjZ=(jmg6-vI>wzOe?d z1&2t$g@hKpynJ!?0Qeb+V1%sx(zBp^xoRWV`T5W7lmO=bm{u5(fF@bZJg;BruTwg8{Wh^PW?s$pn4Az z04#Rmp>A=OBHR3v^Myj|^amL_SHP=xAqF%9)m)x62OgR9=t>4I9(G0iW zH0h_MoZI{riR)yJwd_B; z9?P0f*Sw`kirItPBGuK^Z}T_WBTWEX}MS zM>)Q6eB|m`W9O2=c|!q1oeHkM8XP7`zu`%hq1j${(wCf4!-{*>`#iMAG~hN=z6XFx z{5JE25Y$OjlpVWuJu8dVCyzQ@K9_OrVyDDOf$4Dh!V7Vcb9`mk+jT^Gy_NLK((Kh20pz^<#80>Ts zeOYp27$xCUBYKVI*%xbbO7~L{>YU>L`#z!IS)Xf*+VDK;o2R!iDPYm&FpsZR6_~aG z8y02qU-b+sM88;cT*RiV3-x}EEMSE9 zyhN3#S*~oL4v*dZG+K-MTnX{;gWrX{eGZt-1sIW=_*`qHy--cFmgv17-y|hR@F$ru zlEZZUk*-SaU*+r!O1<9H`Dzl8Y1h5_gR1=?BJEu5IlI=C`R`|;`iTFOW(v~3`%_4HIX4*OO$7hRkIUdLXd6&{r=lDq!@Ot z`wnH^B%~BqEj7;gw6w?qZ{r2FzXvoi&|L|Zm3T(7z2Td8&~(P4v$*AxJ7`2!c$yh- zn;s0^bvTxeXta`b2tz%X`sCi5Lvs8v=b^kR=pYO-%%zaLm~DpXJQYPvO@6Va=hho{ z%$azx#6xU`Fxaq)gF)Z;7_iqKwt6s=X0h7JMIpBVLmEwT4(zg?cA zB9;;-p%78C_PGq}%5^gCO79Rtn5oDx1E%o-Fj}FqQThA|I>a33b5~9)aQOEKDGO}a ziZs&uZeecEead}aL5YI`*3CykQz2AD5n47+Y=8ix8xDBW?k75%lpWrA{3VK?cDZ+BLf2t$^j> zqYth~oXjvf0MpTcPj_+Jj8{1^sB=3rD80^uje34%fJR|ynvy9Ry*y!?Lv!WgbwVzA z>jOQ8CKD?cZS8pXY1%SgHdqW?-~{KJ6~`%sypq18`6&8f|7-H0$JI>e-d zq}+EHlpax)NG^;i8TnCS$=h3cg{t>+HvHYm-%ozO>kfzH8_LScoUHGEZ78F6;1>n~ zi$tgc?jqrjz2dqt|?~Tdnl5 zR_E*;n$u>idh3z~x06TYfD=^zlr$FL4bl&QasUVAzr$V zb4Ng2b6^{6WR$fKS4#tym475E%9t(lnYHn3C8>eRzTVOBn3V1JX3JM{`lJ(z4swv- z5O##25h#EEBIR%gawF}RC#u}O)43z#LA}qJl zQ#syvTs1pAdt9ARS05QkWbg2pvxB=pc1Nu3EnIddMityRs-}h-osoEAnsn1DL1n3j zNAK|0$tHys6&8cU=U~=Uqz5dEc;cr@U;7g$(OEmI^`mja-G-a1U4ot+U6L%V0wM^u z4T~F?d3VI25k=T|()C86YK?sq?eF(%m!;{DDMno#TUB}0*Xo$^;l`i$pD=U1=O%Or zMjF8+!#hQ=vg+zCJOpXdc&ld8tWM}@&VpA7LZn{J^+q9Of-b{zw^j# z3j?4P*!U$+(5HQV&Y8RHOHkgYhku-Yot~b)8{&zKeITeTi7bEnAz2N+_8abkT;c&- zPhepE^3-aHi`|k7&6};V*|e+4G|v#$_hXx9olxt1!<3MFw7=poLx|&0? z;=ZukrG`CC|8VQTP1M54Yg2D^C(+z~Re-yd4Ex2GFYkI|D#! z+NR}R)8{IPQ^TUR&|i39>~pQ2#y|kOZa!A-78DRKPc7+xdfs3^eBD#~<~bQrgpcXj zPzWqh@ew<;+@n^sp<#wbvyms)Pv+_bE8g#KsNtc)FZX1RKOa;xa1_;DR>Pl>W`I2p zB-Y)vjrm%2S9k1@W!}r|o&zy?-nAp+t0u`blOvsi{@?u7!d1Hv*P`>BYd_V<7{Ae* zfrmlKfkCb3Sp~_XOgfUt!r;isr_d*Y2!G$}9nKd3HK1QzBxQ25{uq3cr|i=u{0Dw> z|Jmh=FiU|}(f$LU!@<)Y!Bq>OFytit(E~*E1(29*Nwkp5U|%`~^8879G5T#+(`(Og z^(KP;Z)S?H`?>NXUw5`lMf_f65=*Wws`%$u(-%(y89Axef$kitFZ(87+jg&V#-yJ8-voBN$$*Bn)5m4>|v(wwMm>AH-?E1tJbwE21(fT(S zGum(FX6@oeHmvMmA*s^m!mSB+?9tUOg$?i+z`Nxb2`4b*$?&?*z8Tzvz0_z}yuZ8m z^7IF}u6A3bBLc5M_S^832M!1r6p{`=%!g9duXym&nJP7VmlnA&LI~sC;9%5g97Pd{ z$4^pik4E$;Q{nB(;V6>s+K*yNHgCqBMgD7zw7@>j+F+2IJpxORldhLaE05In77?y( zUb1sHPSe%46_`oZh9fJ&i2m>{qo|x9emVqGddDKSeQ!d zwetph`-0)hmfZPWECv?AEYV?n=gGmPb9$4l%E&OTdD7z?s$_svio>KTY#D_j(r z4Wn8k^TyI0}PO3N=0wrx0jy@I~wmx5Yj5N>_aC2-B zT`uu)tPdl)uDwrl9^v)OygqgW&$_$V;HdD|J2M5CBN$$$z@+M;+E#e9aLh)_cRb@+ z|2>Lz;R%K&x_eD#QIF{QaX7|~dxBk}5cAZK`xWs|k~ID1kBq4nFU41{lJ;)7QREu*A-Dg~9_m{h! zN6QR74(!|8+i9k5lI(ATu?h)5E;D2^nTa4p+Y6t{WC>HgCg+!TE5z*l{(eC8G`69g z!T!YqL6K{T8QB*?7qs(Gh+@i{z%7BnF|wvNBXx6EcGJdVXBX$^-1mP!Fhgc8n2AL& z%F$ZhPG1UKMClME@pgpqwvH7oyeKT3n!7-zg-bS24TKjPor89~4bI*B+lhKU9$`omZllPz_w9R)f1 z)f0FZ#lr_thc`pWxp+CHnrz>434}Iu!>w{ux`k@)RC@OZZYa&{;fA(MF~601fTyRc zf#=of=}1$bJXrArEQ|!W*pu~mC^Vq zlQS%ylfU-?*Mm_7a8s1!H1jx)ikYvt+IQ>PX|feb(pR$m6cPG3O-8*L~(8ZzT=~X&jpW2*B3W z=p~W(u*z_m}=w5gT4`)fS zilf(+rQdEXoA8{E{ox{FeTFDE$>kq!Oha-Vu&x*q@KzE*1Zn#F^M!hI+$}K6QwJs@ z^cdT3G^*C-X(=s4b1?3_Ir587j>f8r3l@8$#e;4Tj6%-BMyg7kQt-zg$q$NqvQ@;E zICs{qroOQWm0B5hou`R~tkOpjf4DsYptq++ZOxlNw3q4RTS;4B>yKIa$!@OkYLx=p z#^PfKQ|DCHU&cBqrJH_PQDa1euz!OAI>DGEwoHEAd^#QMCbmvZ0>k~cV^I8&AS2e& z4Mjflzsq6&=?^?+2KsZkEYPTRAxd3u+XnWIE(ll29YNZ80f->o&34jPPMy9N=QF#$ z{LXqKuH4a_DG5}8NKg^?!79-GsXb1uH-G>9#9i{PXMQtH*@zCdX)DqEMW_h{bx&%L zqg+H_sB8yHZ|k3P-0Ctmm|T0>+P;Y$^;VQuS56jE$5bgS0R{Cl!VVLhmpW4&?YjTf zBPIqI!1J%FOzP0qR`f^OG%g$wT7nGfEpGxWS!WkSmgs;=W=CA}N^eqw%mYsby)SRF z7Env#q(Jfd|1MWf65f08z`KBs#E;I>XHqu#k<`8;a>e8o0W6t5Lgu8PA=WfdXjPZ$ z9e_+FCLjaqEHZSO2@1rt8`tqGN}Cm8_(xB)02G(geV}Fo zTKy7f5((svK$gowyRAF|Q< zfLaD365I)%Oi3ZA-Vmv>Ms2yxB=;QlE8t2BHN)OJn#<;cl!*FjtJs9SedADl zaLdmD8qDxTI)Mb1sGRjM`P&*$kX(No`S}3`ZNwvg(0OQM0A-i|y5}_p$X^(#ieU7= zJlB!DH#RydMg9>k${?Pu0QC&NnNWZ93l%fjc+1EByL1zaEE@Z!h?Dr86`N4>$rC9U z0}8heF%R_@$(=s}j-@R?>({ONF97McUboah;egoJCV6MlkbLtzpy(!vG$&fXg8fF! zKN3Bie@C!lrI7vOUW7h`o*K~Vf9@nGDS&?J}Iz& z?k@n?mg9Tb{s6G7ULv>G`W;R{sGCO!!EXM+36D`qzlZf6F1wBw1_4jO9I)O5$h(rC zL>`xa+iUXmMxJbVmNmeO!lVN@Ur3>(v0&`jOHVO&Upfoia7+i>HpTXVWv!M1dnarY%Z(ey!L@%| zS_he2qj#ho(r9z+zM-mi;T(TQq5v*YMBCa!xc_hXMEK3OrKnK9O5dy6b{o8*qX2j? z2k*bJK+j4x+=0keDP8yI0e`=3T7?=d)L1!;n6M)rRfO&YBpq8K=WCg1vPPO|T`r6d zWr#p|2|N6Of%qy!mdfdadv25Q+>gF+zNm*hX_r!hFDV&WS#@1ppETKLuL4G@>(#^6 zzFo;$DaJF7x?(>CueGFW0OyhYN9K$d;u_iIiSUZnamaafKm)}mJY690TigC^xg&pS zA{H1#PVLo3B*ReN*wmC}jihtBy(j|Q{Q|DCCeU#~z~O?>KY#Zk(+wU%{p;ZqZcSdl zcv3ynY}Q}a9nW7g@QrS|(jlHVtAdRgAP55qBq~Jq4RnJp)*2>RF~7I>YK}byg|vg& z+>cm&x|^TtV-m-%Q!DU6wU*$AcW|usi=l2rWnT`+!cKe$sv-v&h7m8P5Kf9x~ zRR+g{BmlVjyYp=kzvN5au0qYQlCW#^KEBeb*nS7SujtjxAF)TY>_-3Y2&V$u-p>lP zF@bKR8SwNavu8G8BJImFVu1O}8H}c{Hu4Kn`Pu$B_HfDUJ|HkQxod*7v536&;*H?g z@zc{MjST_tR$Um@#ap{y@nj zRJ%lUJ~zaz5TCX5RjX=K{mJYb0vtKqsrEA(NyZAF^qb&t5>`2KkAo8><4n_7zUv&B5OPkD)bnNH(hFQ=E^dn2;$)X_#H zq8XF|L>)!O`%)m@81qBiPS5ky~*Brcb=T59JM*% zc;t0;JUctvjmu5-go5xC^m>fT``u}aGR@E$`fve}!w;;bsP=migq&k_fg7#QG9B66SlHjUcYdB{ zutuF}%^+^1=B~KtZSe1YTMQTeSVZ;U!R+kZTn%4gbGey3X6w+~6YXFW<~y#bZb6&( zd6f!YLO+CVr+)a7bTk?l#z}5i@*LlZm6$d8-)d49BL0Rm1jgj|y;?Xe& zVF4G^a3;CZYn&3Z($@*RdaQ-D`HgPY`5fwzFXbYwWty3wPQNH#U&;)&6x{Z7YHZ|X)% zGJ)A-&@`^UPW3c*S0KeC=cM)&V(KqkY7sa8k%-YYkF{C~$=WYJ9me!kOGCYJ;FLaM zO}v`bXP~cK1Xt9Ler@JgOF*R8^+GkCp0g)`aSL*5w_3wk<2{ETQd*BlW`C75=hnn_9VkEgV zBoE!!$C;kDww_1u(NL+5^*pgwmcUo1r zA>yTsJt}3E1a{IYFgY@XHjM8s+1zt)(XF;gn3W@2paw2nw6x1m@XIuX_}089C)d{= z`AJy%0hR1?>?w__P;A)bEAw$mr&Ch=^}^$`7D1b5dGAHMI?Gk9`X7l`iS=GD4_OOi zOH$-y48H=%3O>J5!RH)`5@@Ya0>Sa`Dr;@XAVC@vE)kiBg6k%etEK#BcAr7<|SB=op2j@pZmg`?9&obe41QwHt>(arp6{8)y7>9#)Q^48nd6 z#qX;}7JC=5j2kkpQ~(>ad?(G`gyU~e`jH;t^@6@l!Exg8@R!zrIb_r{#|CPQ)AajrA|?(2m=HRaQ*BI2Ds$8zK?ChB~!j}HhdR0Cr8mx++c!KLWIf z@QN@@W9L|ce^Rvy>Wet5hh^3_7IF6`t2ZWQmO0z&vuMTOVI=rn)jQN#nk!1wDwz1> zC>(UN{Dg1?EPE!mt`y?*vS76ZRR7)lh^}VQT@%ku9dT^c&uz6>qDAdNz21V@c-6$s z%X=7ld9MLn7dc#&r|JQ_-t39r-|haqd)h+aYm|LBqOM%6!(Liz z{By!w9m8wVAKe%p>O4WHfjvoWNu}(@&i3W}tIb`gKS8*y8h<{}uM5kAQ{OBUjPd$^ z!S5ItnBTS5{jE)A^oO0aO81*$1@}HZDI{Q}2ooz;jm+S*bInxkfXRsGy0ymaY=7{b zt&MKY&OCF^!CeTK*-t?mx%?P!C4EEJk1vwnWIH^|YXx`{wOz8-V_Rcmx;dh8*-M{==tEuDqNT=yK z!Zs(?nvYEqsqiXRIPADGHo0|}!TeHtsU={ufCh55e5c|R2LiqVrS+{tBp%uDlE4*7 z0!bjhPeDoPQBx~kZ&sX~;j0a#ojAtZKk)YdzTF5(go8ME^ld)jlVmWCf^Lo7RWZP* zQ(RhbP{fU)&H~AblPsK-VPfzUYnw@#XSkc~5X*&M&Mhus2XI$p{^&{}JQy>%N%FwF zK3AcRDr|#2sjD)(*R^ioXkE{?Z{lpjcBXdp&0Y&u*tYjr1?OWorknua&5dfVtC@MR zP1HT)R8oNRM6%`=!K3-zXVa(n@c#)ovX@Ee58Eq=!lcdSS{pHw({drJHA=a$M~0hd zkKqkyr#QVgFCkWRnrkbkKRfO)tSB|ppo&deUi5!peqcW%Wp%c{Ocojn+`X&h5(rX! zPMT)#aU+1*0qI%H|k2c4}3Qc|qLCcL=jMkn!Oo#fy zVlG~yeMT81w?b6(CmFH+W|l9nM{VWF@8-%6g-!9%HV1rDq%1GATJsnEvoiOB0eEAQ z^5oT(7Ej6f8Y3IN>`RB$4o%pflOyEWuwY&2>34OW(uPd9)LJl;(IP6@b&NtRG>$BJ zYEF#TzC3h3x$Z>kFy0YCgfeGx#P82q_;;sR z77x4*wB2+0yUzqN*{9zg0{35n8woz8xkp2D^IVp@4wtUfq#fUW zI7jik-zA*m0zk-M@;z7RkriU+;CKW z8QVux@98IibsL-)Vn>r!Gy$|BD%W^_OTKvY9(p-J;2C+}D`%~M)sdqkJ{F%?QBNV- z8yT;cIv&d^6V`yZP^KSv%>&MKp%LM9Li#%7ip76bQZR5Ftf&CCO0rOH& zlwY=~a-7N&jcOLa;`nSQGV(Qxyf{WN2D#X_A)J;_o!ra66*w zyox^Cm{2E!xZ?iZ`M&zV#_M_4}?NSCZ6iVUpwm#76a2+FrG}_!-}u?ZCBObUJ(~MAdQy+fpXPcmD0OP`#g%1l3ZGfBAYyTC?d#t= zx?YxV(TSS}jLAVFmQle z9W>HP3Vy6I=N(p!zg)fQOuMv<%3$f%NKQ&%GYily|7I6;tye|Agw#*RxvUahj3fOn zVeOMlCwOD26TXE(Si0`JoK)es_)8-`^ULMtKXFPvXm1Q-A?%Z zD+^O4Y3p8R!rU9~z~43%qu6Y{?Y#yWzSs*A`(yBCyQ*&UU_?FJ1)vs=8x~Wqd&p)U zHhnR?4l4SIJt2vdmX@yGm@4H~jBWp=bx(|a5Q7bGy`wz2HPWL?@pqlmcN*+7@9%Nx z_n~j#0~n$7Eg{VV0}+^+n#JX;Sv`#hj+;e(_5Eji-S)tn2gcozmxK-}DC+0CJ9Srx z*h#lPADBf=<9I~IhqAj_7xF69dF{gB9X1S?V693;0C*iLfZpCUK+!KztiX2a?AxCZ zHuKn4NJ79n8Xox9I@BELCbwer--)){<-$lLTm^8*NVLAp6FI-xGp|V8#gq?1Vu$tmkV_gC__q*0oY~v zO!MU?K2a_uqF(VnBbX6BA&#hVAtq(bwJHM=E+PuQOYRs)G zx$v4QY7UhB(v@=&Te1Q$D%%{Dn!2?g0l04z%rsccY)?FVTA1rcnj1U9@DiZ8??*;M1(}xq^dKCF*mU_dy705X)?*!Ml ztg8VDnjI|YdXvc`+b-mW5$G+MjGfC>?5{dWHWpsdI}e?%--GC3Ede!R#TiB`2Zv^l zr*ySO%kIq%_^a)F=$-V}-6=Wamrs4-dLzcOH+SThgD;WW{B=n`J}P(zAi>&xIn&hj zevhzwXaMHtKw_3W+_)O&RVB=fplUfmY%hBEFLrO!VvirL?y1cnn=+HK=AMT3s)7LK z(5;+E`^!E$HaMRnj;*W<|)ed{2lUS@GS5x0vy9t(pjJ&HvY8aOmH~S`sLq& zLS?Zl7Yp4~>?1F7eA!eKhuMk3;ptr}_R5FVx;z|LVf*fSF|^hY7@zIb()L7I>x<}L zewUvdSAsv*_Du+o^7YBR*NVykfTtYouzypU95Sw}qxE+-H+YOu%dF!L@T$dva!}mc zj#)wA9mDgN#Z$8;YKvA+F0j-Kju_EhfbzAFZ_`DMLXIezKO*xZ!N?uyjnVJ zYY+mpJVr7%TNYcNt#(A%FGU|6;sQ@UeGXNHg(*Fc8crWYlwV zyw(Fr!-rS_PK=}dCE-cjq7#eA!+;@eo>@+eryD?}SJoB7kNFg3L{qFj#+IfEBtwqQ2bo zcGQN?5y?&|P*bS6%Sh3&Gp^T&%N_A9_zrwR0FjvSrr;$edna<+j>yD>jm|KzXGFcA z?B0UHgAYw0SmWKrr8u=@WkxFNfGg1rtBGa|7f=JF z8uzxu*cz1U5I|r!gsTo_u4|WscA6x5Cs<1FFUvRQ;Eo02$(VDakGX^a0fs5Jsr|~H z&sq}s2k{d~!*5Fn<~ZJwG45tY&6rxx`%!dsD?nW&A?W>mK3HYGLl!zQ8HA*vs_NFg_Jx=1m= z^p!N~ld}NqBYoYI)8Fn$?n#%%y(s3pQSgN4sH9^BO79vbl{}9~gVGWQ-UkI|=yZ*JjV}7q>7sIQz1wH&*=T1M7ti6!JNUsY zc^%%jF-rb7Rha-28!qL`#YvscXZWxjpslD7J@2OmjU~5fv&JKAiV8suV6a(Q zzgF){^LjE&rCX(AMlH){8~q|g@vv3fX(>|1bnvNZT7!H%CvM}!R(IJ==*wq>kjYQ< zo&0?Z3?n$K^jH^yI{8DUG_U1f8pd%)Vn7yg`Mx3uC6NZDbaTdmQpjo>79QxI1r+Rw zx%frxd2Qbz>r3-@pL{A@TaU)GU&%`&JksN`*}*c|nr4BP86QT;BYPk>x`w_BOd9Q4 z59AhRrdlnXwk-;l%E1q|nl9iI`?;-aVo(59uBynKdtSP>gnUH34}-7_LsXgBsUwI# z(Mz#$hxwjr4pIr-tW2mISLy1wGMzw@C`!Fw;F7Vwh-9pcjC{3t9N*d{1iU})jGv2& z_ZuWKAn5PXRjg7y%0$=@c6>xK@u&6_imR{@2fHAD&>_siA%hoAm|x;Ovoz~PGDxo| zv7FQrMy+1W1jqpQrEP|*Ug^a3oL^vt8M3ea#5O1$YF?#Ql6W*;-q6tSTGoF~igUO~ z$MO%#RF3480D>Bw1zUrz&L}_%*+q^148~v|%uM&qrRrtxWszZNPW5zB zrw>?`U5X5PErd}rN9W`7l0!zyLWJR*ABr0A;H~ULU6YPcXxM};Ee}&cMI7IK{5DQ@>a`z#|} znZ$rV>Q6W%uDIFf150M0S#Jb^^`Rns)5a$otKz>75BrVaIUGG{AF+YH{ep=(#%}Q< zsoUF!E=Mxt#Hp;%4E@j;MdkBu_vbroXQyjAC0o%SJ4!+o)lHqpf}Nf6f$4p|gfx^{ zJi%}GqR&S#{hJ|f558XpT#p!gO4Dk`>>xEf-V%@O+r}dHV@MKbNUBC00L&7(!Z`|P z1MjpWx=y~dIIWXyNOLofRB(^gPbX^g3wYwUv3LY1Y9O3OR9M~#A@>a?wv7t`A2N*8TVyXIc%e~_KQ zxQzG%4)0gZf9B>6)ysQF-e-owVCUA5#P9`b|L8GkLzS8-wexgrde$7~CXT|jWStvU z#w!!Uh_XY--t>vHC8p!IRf2Mx!^z5BQOavW<0M2mO>BS4$4CTFiQ@x6+Cp1nTre>a zFYqDsPP-%E!)1&$3)HCoE}DPtW$iZ(t9wP$sSz&ueiBN7>+r(gYTswT&=cBK%fv81 zuQDIUcUs2DfUsNkHhbs)fRXom4 zhxNphwKk(cc55b@hG4WN&-wGjoKJL#KE8NBB9|KwvIFNF(=KM?fYdQd(65E(N5qYv zVtbGqa8|?XNS&9fZuG z@BRg4?_-+Kq4`y2Y5g)ADwfyY?P&XAZWTHqTbp$7ulvQ4H(M7Jzs}Ex1em)z5&;MA zy`_!tsQwo{I1@5_d^I-Z%!2{VZ5;$k8?OG-cL3x@GT!g1@_oY3R-8ao*-spt@q9ES zI&_ERyy|Ldg0bd>Sy&oZpix>Oq9j|eWLY2`AjH62>H0JmH9*Dv7I z^IxrE#1$FQLJ3_-j{d^Ig+jt<^hA(pcj^tTGPhFu;k2c|hv#R9+C2W=mwV5JdF!D>r&dcBM$;#~9yUgZ zWYOZI_Y&qeys~~osd;{oE%>BeBpPPJoVfqXhEc2zDwN|I?N+$`cN^%T?4(we@E(~J zo337{?|$@&bS|FkpFjWhEbwzEr`>YltSiL1utjZNk{QW~*!`8GcM{Y4rwph$jKu$Z z-Y!B`k%jGUlrO9yl zE4BUCpF*C&B4z1;C`H4$qd#gTxx}A1a_6QoGuD27g?kcvpoe%&47@Cas4@I!nkNId zlx4?67F2<(62k_1af3z^zSC3q(#J{E4=0VR$gB$8+9b2a(6U(e=UW2Kp6@h96iueb zq|_z=|K1_zh9PlWUtQrhw334yI{)kr^I46RC1EO$@jfIDX1zzoDA%Isc;N3bDz!k`ifh z(Cvz|O`KG0?JlEE%lzG^ZZVLnMxYOAQPZbIE>$3+nBy_>fdr0aYet2#*r=m7CvUzm z77Y!0`Fn6scJNstmZVu}=?<;0I%(K~7b~Pg%cBa~Mg*Z_e!`a}F9m9KBTC`b235L)%jyo9L)xx)H}QVI-~lMgybC`7OCI8Z~nhj zvF;Dhii+{W6d(dX-xl_jr;K1k=|S~+M5Kk4qQn8CN|{LsE73)~ZZ`wV>yRz`kP-TjBIqliWZ`^<|hEqlK{t1Fc&RH_n$Wxx$M zumfYjW)T{Uz&tF&?~rwZ2&k&4g;n)q`AGsnD`Ipe(MB_g39Yt>2&U(y5c3#OEY6Z}Ve=IAUR`Ab0(s!+Rlb zAi9yiHB^@iX-j^L;G ziByL!`gQz?-$UYd!Y}QZO70p+LZ`(#Lq#eX{E90GvdwxV9%sHHV>Osle`erH`QDPC zt}fY1l_<#e?ME3pJD-Z3?ivq5{*Dy8Xz3ycu4cSfTya^%LaO`o5rjZFg&4F?2$CeW z-HIGJvU-?0$E^`9Oa5e?`DFzx>F;0lQMdKvzWAiu#PYf@vuW zPaq+wioZ5@aP3xY6UkAei$M-t!>lx|z_hN&eM0xIc1XoCcAj$nk$`NoS6l>hxWO4YG80lyq_urU{vc_D3M0qt|A7Op& zo+xot7pj1VB*qyhO656rwq4s#@DBI;-7_unug?jW=YZKGPn>a_gS{scvRCSU&wtZo z2){-UEAacI@fcgvQ^y@LB-{7pZ0<6oJ?sAAuT;r`jiU-p|Lmesnpnf zFDJvjtt&z{nVZ>5DEh+)4?DXR@%c0|CUF#BpWyBpF$nc}y7knI?_Ilgf%L(3$93H> zycxwx@ee`kZr>70$|_4$sv5-p1SZXvx30N5A??CU)hOb8_JE{cBT1Ze4AzFYETw*~W8O>k7$nP5c8rJiuGAO9K3Xl+J2=;-Ls z-%WQu(T4Ybnn~0(i;83%Kw_K>VID#GIAh@sTniGl*e zJ$04>Ot39~j`HnZeVyBy^M3Y}2MWrE$_fLAt`O)rb~&CtG?{KS8MggURl!#m)(kkh z*1xlfSv)DlCol!S$LkRFKTg0qma^*{MX`Y%BXvjDpBc3t3v9^(_uknt(OYrOREIShN#R0}U-G#x$43M0<_n6A5i}cVTySAt_0>kg=sCLg(uYT=1d^WzNUyIXU6CN-9Q}U`*H}{&Sv^ zy+^6Ei8dDhD%3hLH=n}bK(0SK+N|RxF4i$l<%LU~LaUPNrl}np27X4Mr4=uc0wYkX zsCAGZdO(Lr7-2#Y0G4{Bu3PK(?{|)x_HsgZT35cWZNp^Twv_(JjOE(feeXEZ$V%($ zc?0{_na_@#D+f@u3pQC^cpn}w$fI1+jNp<8ev6N)TP=GHo<=1sT2-!`%`AP~`yG<7JpsUNSQb&lJ zG=baQ+tj&pgE+&Jv+?H3_wX5b?tP)C+dswWim%lIHd8~FgolzM)F@WuZ{Lct?Yvut z`m-eZe2c5S8LZfITR1_IL;ED?g5;qL4HE*eEU{1p&pP^kP3|1IkLHMn^0zJZ5K{+x zeZ7)>3VnYPLiYr--3)ehYL7lSI2gR#DY6xwc@3)$+`5OAP3ynUukCYq_mIL>ibC=W z%rz?jEMBrOrQ=ndkNy0^IDM^;U}$A8tyPKUVK^2RR%XU1O(9jgrPb8t13ya2Yca5F zc@p#I(4rJ*+S)s){m-{+WXKmsHDfo;b9a_*u-0{&KkiXtPk1~P6`LziF*}66Krgk7 zKt4Ta!~W%7yLTyQaD44JdlPl8z&QEgNHx7;IDWd5mLW)26Rd_Y;Dw~E1T5bL5c$YZBc4l?EnbqEs!sfx(<2AY2ShT=>rI9qCWhD4y=+ucUo-Lr zjU2gwnrHOKE29M&AV|K%*(v2x_dEMD1XLFbJL+Q)z272BqaOP;w`Tw7R;o-Wq@TWQ z@~`InePxvg_cVJ}TvqeQYuoI}_8tyn5j5xSKd;RT8YM}BM)*PUBG$DZA{*?s2j`{9 zcL)*;`T&&~%Bgkw3fz$7FkjjRc&MpJr${jGaJx>S#yX-zTI7Ol?*8nO_Wjc_pDV|s z`lW@IAxCa7s4J8+3xqBMx{@=T)vg-l-3;sRbb*{PyWbDl+CWpc#%8c>AskwwLOD;#SRi)J*;V^}GxNSc{PDxB|OSyspcAjtAU8=Uxr zQO)XWg%S`Xvgn%dFKM@jBnMiU?wRFQrgfq66u^6Wi_gt-K`Pq7bEBzSQCcNyUw)^d zwG-NDw3T{i-)>_oKW7-d@`}5Li0a`&U8+vkgq*_wGF`v61tsrS&*Ypop!YuYMR=;V zUQZPnIRTnZ$92A&ycQt258qO76msRzO>d`w-Rsb6u*^_E=~v6Unkh{H1<)knhN$ zM!49PG?T4%T!ij)!t}SkSB;h2X^jcN02~wtbg+$}$;QA86s+hPXNm;)jan*?78zZH zD)JN*xaG$fF`Orc!YZ<}m&+sJ&f)IY!uu6>{~mpO82BC`{%)-}S2m+qxZ?egOz_5D zcfGYeAo#=Mzg*hrq44DJ-hKA``LjRL3g21-AvYHxhv-vEZ15XnuFvbh?QSGYE=3{r zlxQ!b+N#@;7C3yU)^{IDNe+DWei`TOv^{Q^er*M4`(#|01+u5!ua77f+;gaCXqm?J zu^tN;vMZ~fw`FmAQz|AS9=g1>^WKPg@aS$Ik|n_0)*+cK2f(FdJDGC37@#37 z{QnGgI)i_a)`A< zZ;y)RdTn&}_$IM|4&y5XWMp1UpqzSlF>cuJfbOTB+Ua;qB0&d|hEh$w+s%jSyg=0dNk9WKSQ0t`9tyh@1F2 zN=ftjBLKYc9s%0pR)LN!^=8f{Tp-|J(49!;PBwDo*QYC2KHS8y^S3q5_DFk>u?G8? z$)Qq6f(`@Jstu;iqGK#(x&Y@Yfc*Ti5jwE|E{XH;f&Upm`gvvLeCq7w$W-KV1CaJPuQt6LEX*$1JoP@-cjHWU&A|b>6NZh8 z=nNsK5yR85l8bK&0}#Hp&pZnVu?dCC!q80;V3i7D4m;Qz_1KBT>T0%JI!JArL-tA+ zdr1bC0dHWsSpX}=0b%p`l72A!BiXDPrgyeFH{zBk=xUt}&l=HM0Q#T}oe+wR0LFm* z-E+(3D96E&5Z=jpAeq<3Mo(yFQnUA{&Dsmz=tAF^0ivwAez_Qr6d&1ZLF#5;2wTl@ z9c3F@cdOvpK)FVpnB%Kh zAQphPM*Rs>_%C`N~HkC90x=AaU6*Wi=rT|eN`jqK-g0IL$_@XtM?CK^U zto*OBI=Xg$TI#y(Pz6?Wu-w!yn`d!VT5cI2Pb{lF{-$t*WZd0?fTynuU-Zo8#@lcge!cy%KY4i)SSK51rgLqQLJtvblS zQbKU-3TaKUV100;C$jk&1$~qMal8_)<|`-exARd|oeIs~4q0|5DxifH6Y)6C&CSiP zox9jxx5OUF{sp)W25rl~A)4YQs@->1M4s0s&!VYMTmE1L==^2;7{V`nw}@hL>jXUT zTh)D}m-SW)nCf&RK3oLJogmxm17(^r^_rdPq_SLO+z&t3!+ql%?En#(d5n3DME4-T zLNYb6mJA&FvgMN$_IlQYii+y*G&LOCJPWnY9jmMVA&8);Lo2PzS1oO!7!GNynoZ(f z*D5x%1zqaRI}gEI40ze8J5zmidgNTqZ8(j*fYeRArlgfOd_r2VqDMMbc; zHL|IsKIUB*ObBs?=v)vRC!SV(cN;lrNmsTEPs~dY-l`i3aN54&}IcEI(W>m>k zFABN$lK?{?Ie|*u;^5gz-PfPMuq#SDoYVU7Ph#uQ_F8!K3=db`VM>x9rKx0=B!^yl z3V2!1S@%{MY4AH`5;*74rwL}#^!XjORl$l*>rYm%WLDOH)wn?ml?BAiBodLUgKbcG+Hi6k@%#kZSgzu9Z87X6lZ@Rz7Q z8*1#W8j5qd?o_-~#415VqWuc`h#+GBppmKE##w>TPjW`_!QaMhziM3X{mF`xoZK}l zD&;3+paJty(Zg7R+T)PbEUgzZ?6qkV1=+t{?_^6+Jx$D@5FfE{sPB9L3viF1YE{C3l))P7Y5)6EnLKG%{Wja#rd7)}ILL3hH_vJ65%}Ti}TEf1FMTiyvsZLfp znkCAIIC$K!sFcCuXrCfdaHD4=$A0=d5y$DS_YhNqAfZ|`fxzK4Ki(>VpxvX!`B9(u z5l=yh(?v568>(b5ceoGjdwqUf3K{L3+WaqxLdFVJDuy5kQlTr5@peDj8cRBR z-y;2?I&UiMJRDQKSI9}MVC|0ZK%#`4Z&_kaYKDRL@S}qb1pHs*F@rQ|pC zA;kKlV@93k=Y=4jVRD13-}du}ihRlR*D@)1f^8GXby26r+iH=sU*AYoNabmUB+ZZ< za?twk@lBHs1)d_NI*kzrI>Svu75bTVo|g6NwNQFsoQ;5nf|8CCA6V-EyOl=D@@9?a zA}JHGf*nhTQ*VAQh6=z#Wu2X!BnAmmUbtnd60oz7OyYTn>jL*=)~P=;7dmJXtfiD?|U`i?)^oO$~ zElMhZV4qdu015D4_-xBwf)O8_R@QrIn)J!x*v-e)+f`l!Q(sc6%+x{@5=PC~8W(j( z+r#8C`PJ!8MnzTa-Jdy+9i!>zZ9Tw*bdw{$;!~r~!~~AS97gL;z{k4}Kkn~ag%|A^ z@-_d|tFD3BVlQ#elKRk=?-v3G@yDpW-p!!nq;+`TaW55pj3}U_m=AS#cLO9D_O1U& zY`ddr%rsVMa?n*u%aAa8Xv|aKxk-%I67IS8pdOSTR0j>5+g`ZmF@dN@ z90kmHB($?G41nof(YjCs8;IK)0Q^6f-n9fw6z{p7-KGka{ZM0BdX2R~?+@@<@8Kgd zmNFNC4l(ijI)zt{zAkk8e8m{NG?5{f^(GrdmMRd>pu1gc<7vZa;T&*^;va%i;Jd>}i z>$w9ux;8P9g1)erD+n7oNo~|jux6a_6yqfyoFc+L`0Hevgv<@W18Op`K^s6i}u&J^4Mml z;|J5{S52&DF8uUFLBJ%*5YUl!b(px_G z65x%|%KKTPM#;X^eKq!3D7LN9w~0}n74^y{Hrwj+uRfk?jp8=xSA%Am1O6x3y61qH z692{j#{mc8*e6t}R-N0E_SY9FEP286I59M_XwlD@XuNvYNS3o@u8fqfwCE)82e4h zJV5=4^cHwzIVtj(5Y1kmf)M+knAJpH&LdkJ5fVS6sweh5Z5Mc0HY{JX$+0C@Dn2|7 zc4L#f3j12rxE(yT*4zRtwFUv>)CP5%wN(KD)qj^(fkcg0wUHgM=bpBDq@F?HWj~WJzc7@rVRzHHdyU5oR_0Zt+V9hIm3-Po}U6w$d zVaOMbfpZ}gpylSgqCFIM?0iq?M>_XBC<)Q){KX}n(+U(n5lXct?4r9Dfb~)+`J^;E zWfqZI84Ua7@p7#iUpd*tt$U$&;B#W`1^tgGeFxE78VFia7?gVB&+iMUK@CO&3bA|1 zg`etqLD_-*FR=duM{{#=;kbJ$KYD&~8bi_j!IS1#^^dwYLZxn?;d1*(z8x+f|Y*L~+)Kf1}!Jb?X`iTUS2+_^xP#MMzx z0q}BM8geXw<`dD@67*mVLz+)r>_17iXE^cA`p!<@$!4zba3&r?#exTHx0PVST{HgO zs$7(srLqvbL!Z5uhwv==yBgF%q;rHq$sZ8Zwf?KC=pZRhfZS<-7-H24o71f4IL3g@ z12bD(nDHQT`5vcg)BE*QH$0VT_ribiJ!`(T@)bae%^MWgv3Ib)OpiPVA-e57r`&k+ z(OT~a|A^u+@Ag*3o?3)r3--E8`K=?`tr=$>QC&SFAWNxIDn|}t%i;|*d>5ZqX1PXZ zORdyukp+`u=axConGCGdA7LP$@Q&y8VFr2N2QkS7M9^fJTTt}+3_F82AbJB(3o7tR zC<#JuXpJy>cC)jE#jl z*9OldVZr2{U`+4?IPDo{eHKu4s8R2MN=7ywwHaOK11~=;T$F2umNl9Bkc`GdbF300@3@UiMWSiOVM#h`InqiH)q((rB)g#rGX(VtJZK0yGJNu1&Rh0p5Tt4|H>5Ta(zh;uV_OoD+q#|bizHjY7q0oTCEO$gIP49$CTa|xi% z3uBF@3j-_Rl{Fz_Jd6Usx0to%Eb+fvHfCdi?Ks5<65_BFwn94yd_S2&h^=*&lFjZ0 z1mVtR*WeL!nqEycs(xh?Wn%+lC9c#7>{l|>5RVqtceSBW$X~#YFNCa&JU?D0mN|j# zjPGs7lC{FgUb7J|=Qd@R0S+$9R#6KLbLMM||X%c_lwqV$AAKEn>Lc? z2|#oJAa8#P3W{8b5c~eTYhm1$m+Q($oj5bcPoVdhaI}1uT*7 zott#>N64h@)FGVSYOg0j#mbchLc3J*A1GtGknnYqy5OQF_hD0d4Z$1mS*7y(Uzv#O zb7XUPR$UCY=vNL3&J7k+A2e6k38*HlC!Mu;`pA+7XTz9uzpXYx?YB-II@9QdQjXUO zX8;J6M!AMY;^00#i~65#GZZp$@ZK*j6sCV7Zyd2iCjy7asppw1LQNa)luD&*^4vhT z0sG%N7iCUJF!i;lKscH;XP{x4iSz13m0HGb0c-&_oJ*^{@CPx&(z3b$sZd&Tml6Gj zeH1RYfB<9qb0;kJLnMh$MT|3CBI;_X>CzlMmE9z?Bf+^%lr6G79K&8(>+CI*B0`=5 zoe1Sb>X_-qIO&?JFy~}O$gLmbt1xb|sYDLsi?{0BSmfwD z&Q*M(;3uVdQ?ZVRUPH=wS(49L3tuH&06xA`tkA$b9RX}>l!!ZV)vPO?(Ptr2dRVGkH=rHMbEvyDeP^ejGch$~pO*>f z#JPcYM)1w!f6>81@^kJ?;X_=}Z9M7|d9gKuix9d|%iU+E@HdKT1n?UyPNq{V{TysK z*S5)ruE~Yh*9Pa?&hK#u#C^^z&L5GagAm`}K?f;Gpu>GHo#a-rMksq<)T2_EV^}Rd zVNpJlQ1YBxr$L{CTF=T)Qf??N&Pb6%Vu3DM1^vrM4;nKn5zL6m{E@}E>G+f{7CmP9 zc;~`tz|+~JCUM1dP5ALfa7=itW(0Qf+Dx!;VV;_z1X{V=3p^XI9HD6=c`fd>HFl-D zY~=W)Ns}e(*NBmrkkvvBzKR}W_U<(@G1;oEMU(5>hZG>HD8}W!+M|%wNkMc6vF*!W zF{;TkDXZ2$t%#UHhIi+ds%fhS^L(hGmB_u*?zK!n65L_INqqkVa#MHA3F3YT5g`>A)*8uqy=hqvFXJa*9Jb24Vnbq%7!-4 zl-M+=VXXxbfU&NqAM9HFo9K1$3qFo3WzC>v6d?b5oyHB)g=HA`*;IKNgjK?7$*`j* z!d>(gDfpVsPr14guPMV;<^m2cxF;8$+faRLaRZwZMp^I38Klm~*olpW<+R&qL0P~zij$ED# zxC`EeuCy!%)_eMcbZo!%{9VQC!~ty3Ef2^^Rm3n2@C<$Y64~vET`_}8nz&N_+ZKi9 z6mVt>wAowTNpNuzjn7UBFKs+d579bNq3@eU2%bx?fPmVA@O;b>IdS(60zYqBuRAwj zR~h1#n`^-i9ivFGb9OETwc9;h?SIV$Hm*2^?^0kd$EeK*T?F`6}vq!m-)IzSK zen6f}=+$tQTYs!pFVX;)xCF6ASbE_V3&o?UF8t^o76tQpbTU1F6X`Dsg z(^A9R!*Nlti9M|#o3k?0oKkvn%lKP=yfb0d8MbE*O$l~e#5jI>4pxV?9EhRHXfPR0 z`fBrw=b{I%S;Xz1?;}T?rd$0kiV*j|AMI<|lPlHKD6jh;9qLoOTBfF>9QNOHwJuVH z6%NpsYGvE?r`8T4Zw~*=w}Y@K3uSKG{>}TF_kkq0cyZ!Tz``{C-F}s67$ynAT)Ae0 z`OQ(EeIk>)W$lZN{X}FfCk+es0d4q6gI2|Qp0J6!h1w=Oj*!rhBLjuCcb8T>s;B(c z=R{3Nc`wZl?Nh_Su6_{s3pB~iPcw7lu*2`r1a4ffibEEehi#VMoVVE;o(&%|V{*t7^cmpNQ>AO9{XCuo;sF!}Q4olKQ$e*vP# z>9ynWM6>1B%MFIN5YIIqv*sZ{_S0xPn%0yY zipL_X*;B5e+&yTmOMyWqUd0${Ie#p+|95{-kWbDy+hmW_Jv4A|_gZstmftDi!07|x zOu&vsx=5L>Sy*%7sYmcO-h zztr_fFl2kxGM&KU6~258GiR(#Mq ze0a_{vFD)p+P%E%p<`3cU!faD!g0eeV=3$K2t)7W_=T4EAr|-FjU0(&GPuFNL=+iQ zo8U4(0$eEQrw~{pd0MP%BPd(353@Mr^u=X5G(IlwNV!HqC*iST<15Qzy?p__uWsIb zUrD6;2YP(Lmi=f+QWW9a<(l164`^7kbeWP5EuD5!lf#Yed;@>^Qc<;bQVXa2yeOS8;Z-Mv0_9} zaMxL(8d)XKf}VnV;ZlXXvfH* zl<=Aw!mCvbJ1|4YCF|(|m_U=QIImUOt5$f}7sH zZ59TBJWJchdNg4d@7I$RchBu@zu?9)us*=MJ73+@RXvS4l#6IUt&ScERz9%a_Tz3+G z^3Jigm~#Bt(;XbI5g^@BsVE}msk@?^c%btTSj&0Hm`|87!S|}WVn{Y)U)xwe>wG?G z{H2giabL^-dU?NmSlgoHR(gyBopl>d$|vuM4xI?Z!_!bn?{rXCnoF!C&o^9+hie*= za>KYcSE=ij24a%6d&x+gyPbW|N`t(+0W_dzsa%%A8P$Lalf_0+L#^VlC`hzy4y75) z3`Z9a8mNBA51c%$BcCnjCyH>6zd+aP@PRtb5O6AE8&N&oN117hX=Ru#*R;W8DnCZu z|JbC?Vg2njfHdKCf^~V(pVIcuN|~_j`)+}>OQWjnu^&mYpsRwf-OtMvmHhtM&Y4ox zk9 z(l1nFrpCrP1#}si!8Xj=iyog&42L~Enjc0MUvA@kuSy8v?*Dpni{_R16e4()Y~($7 zl}ahK0spl3sYM*Od4^2khjckPFSTUdh;egxWt&%dA>gEse*tl9Gdt-AwP* zZ&k|T-Cpg+L$hm%@$s%B1ZWI2MGB9G^f8C!0oo<&q|fb&UDkv@X4<@S`X@Bx9=~m_ zs@~xYQZ3R3R$}uFC{$NuCnqQ4gbb5TUuCS!s7boz-!7Jk?Q0B~TC1LD)mh0>?f8ZE z#U&VACp4$eth?2}U2=o|`vq{x(O z%a@ABIvC>vW!C|2@myKIPC*z0?ygdE>x1{m$nu2z4ts>wO9RZvgTn&@Op~cYirRmZ z2dF2^FkyG(7W9uZD|+^pLNHNoi{{!i1USp39<3_YFdm#CUPB9rH7X06I|Ut?L$UKTC*RWwYsD|KR9L_D=BVd(*8F6y~>(s zVU`g}T|=`zya9a5Hb{D=XtZKOy{CoF zOHIWZe?3U|`QbtR2Wt|99Xwx9R_wKu4e0p&vH93A)Y|{vAMQ-qWH#|V;7HnGe`3Xm z__^X?;X4@dQmKD0aN1&MN0XaQzmz;!m(V*`R5?4+qOpW?JVWj3P~@mw3L78nF(cWL zb9q6d52cAz6>D5>czUIh!?pAww{>iwmZBch#i{Axy?-z&PJtGmA@xLI(9fZfQyswH z`#Jv7BPC+(T{;JhgHoNAK;Cx1mDAxkV5uvY*CaE<1~-oKUKQwqb~VP zNZSKS+f+s6bTt8Unm|2-)o6fEv6Ucm=Qj0lTt*RAI~Yf@l`zw3m^He`(WsE#l02=hbF$8_ zI0|?yZ)#V0U|?``<{}{Mn + + 5-syllables + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.14-lr.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.14-lr.md index e8d380bd..cb74aec5 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.14-lr.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.14-lr.md @@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ Practice some other words where `l` is at the end of the syllable, using the sam > *fail*, *file*, *sell*, *sale*, *tell*, *tale*, *trail*, *drill*... -`l` 在语言学里有个专门的称呼，叫做**音节辅音**，就是因为它的发声动作完整的话，前面就会自然附加着一个轻微的元音 `ə` 的音色。比如，*little* `/ˈlɪtl̩/` —— `l` 下面多出的那一个点 `l̩` 的意思是说，这里的 `l̩` 是个**音节辅音**，相当于 `/ᵊl/`…… 当然，很多词典干脆就直接标注成了 `/ˈlɪtəl/` +`l` 在语言学里有个专门的称呼，叫做**音节辅音**，就是因为它的发声动作如果完整的话，前面就会自然附加着一个轻微的元音 `ə` 的音色。比如，*little* `/ˈlɪtl̩/` —— `l` 下面多出的那一个点 `l̩` 的意思是说，这里的 `l̩` 是个**音节辅音**，相当于 `/ᵊl/`…… 当然，很多词典干脆就直接标注成了 `/ˈlɪtəl/` In linguistics, the letter `l` has a particular name - it's called a *syllabic consonant*. This is because when it is fully pronounced, a subtle vowel sound `ə` naturally attaches to the front of it. For example, in the word *little* `/ˈlɪtl̩/`, the dot under the `l` (`l̩`) indicates that this `l` is a *syllabic consonant*. It's equivalent to `/ᵊl/`. And many dictionaries simply denote it as `/ˈlɪtəl/`. diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3-syllables.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3-syllables.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9c355547 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3-syllables.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# 音节 + +这是所有语言共同的特性： + +Here are some universal features of all languages around the world: + +> * 自然语音都以**音节**为最基础单位。 +> * The basic unit of all natural speech is the **syllable**. +> * 音节以**元音**为核心。 +> * Every syllable is centered around a **vowel**. +> * 每个音节**有且只有一个**元音。 +> * Each syllable **has and only has one** vowel. + +元音之于音节，正如细胞核之于细胞。 + +A *vowel* is to a syllyble, just as a *nucleus* to a cell. + + + +音节由元音作为最基础要素构成，一个音节有且只有一个元音。 + +音节的长短，主要是元音的长短…… + +英文的音节相对就是更长…… 中国人说英语面临的问题 —— 会不由自主快出很多拍。 + +多音节词汇，重音，次重音。 + +一个音节对应中文的一个字，individual，`/ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl/`，相当于中文 5 个字的长度…… + +People's opnions vary from individual to individual. + +人们的观念各不相同。 + diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.1-structure.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.1-structure.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f23456a --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.1-structure.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 3.3.1. 构成（Structure of a syllable） + +**英文的词汇由至少一个音节构成**。英文中出现频率最高的几个词，*a/an*, *the*, *of*, *to*, *for*... 等等都是单音节词汇。有的词汇可能很长，由很多音节构成。在英文词典中能找到的最长词汇总计由 19 个音节，45 个字母构成： + +> *[Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis)* +> +> `/ˌnumənəʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkəʊvɑlˌkeɪnəʊˌkəʊniˈəʊsəs/` + +英文的音节构成大抵上有以下几种形式（其中，`c` 代表辅音，`v` 代表元音）： + + * `v`： *awe* `/ɔː/` + * `vc`： *add* `/æd/` + * `cv`： *the* `/ðə/` + * `cvc`： *dog* `/dɔg/` + * `ccv`： *flee* `/fliː/` + * `vcc`： *east* `/iːst/` + * `cvcc`： *task* `/tæsk/` + * `ccvc`： *speed* `/spiːd/` + * `ccvcc`： *thrust* `/θrʌst/` + * `cvccc`： *text* `/tekst/` + * `ccvccc`： *flexed* `/flekst/` + diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.2-stress.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.2-stress.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..657faef2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.3.2-stress.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# 3.3.2. 重音（Stress） + +当一个词汇由一个以上的音节构成之时，其中的某个音节可能带有重音（*stress*），在音标中使用 `ˈ` 作为标记。 + +When a word contains more than one syllable, one of those syllables may carry the *stress*, marked by `ˈ` in phonetic notation. + +有些时候，同样的词汇，因**重音位置**不同会产生**词义**或**词性**的变化。比如，*address*, `/ˈæˌdrɛs/` 是名词，“地址”；`/əˈdrɛs/` 是动词，“强调”；再比如，*record*，可以读作 `/ˈrɛkərd/` 或 `/rɪˈkɔrd/`，前者是名词，后者是动词。 + +At times, the same word can bear different meanings or parts of speech due to the varying placement of the *stress*. For example, the word *address* when pronounced as `/ˈæˌdrɛs/` is a *noun*, meaning *place of residence*. However, when pronounced as `/əˈdrɛs/`, it is a *verb*, indicating to *highlight* or *bring attention to*. And *record* can be pronounced as `/ˈrɛkərd/` or `/rɪˈkɔːd/`. The former is a *noun*, while the latter is a *verb*. + +一个多音节词汇中，最多只有一个重音音节，但，可能还有另外一些音节是**次重音**（*secondary stress*），在音标中使用 `ˌ` 作为标记。比如，*serendipity* `/ˌserənˈdɪpɪti/`，有一个**重音**和一个**次重音**。而 *[Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis)* 总计有 19 个音节，其中 7 个是次重音，唯一的重音是 `oʊ`…… + +In a multisyllabic word, there is *only one* syllable with *primary stress*. However, there may be other syllables with *secondary stress*, marked by `ˌ` in phonetic notation. For instance, *serendipity* `/ˌserənˈdɪpɪti/` has one primary stress and one secondary stress. On the other hand, the word *[Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis)* consists of *19* syllables in total, with *7* carrying secondary stress and the *sole* primary stress falling on `oʊ`. + +在学习英文的时候，亚洲人特别需要注意的是，要从心理上纠正一个对应关系，“英文音节 - 字”，而不是 “英文单词 - 字” —— 亚洲文字，无论是中文、日文还是韩文，所有的字都是单音节构成。 + +What Asian learners of English must be especially mindful of is to mentally correct the correlation from "*English syllable - Asian Character*" instead of "English word - Asian Character". This is because all characters in Asian languages, whether Chinese, Japanese, or Korean, are composed of single syllables. + +*individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` 这一个单词，总计 *5* 个音节，即，相当于 *5* 个汉字的长度…… 对比以下句子的音节数量： + +The word *individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` has a total of *5* syllables, which is equivalent to the length of *5* Chinese characters. Consider the comparison between the number of syllables in the following sentences + +> * 人们看法各不相同。`[Rénmen kànfǎ gè bù xiāngtóng]` —— 总计 *8* 个字，*8* 个音节。 +> * 人们看法各不相同。`[Rénmen kànfǎ gè bù xiāngtóng]` - *8 characters in Chinese, 8 syllables*. +> * People's opinions vary from individual to individual. `/ˈpipəlz əˈpɪnjənz ˈvɛri frəm ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl tə ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` —— 总计 *7* 个单词，*19* 个音节。 +> * People's opinions vary from individual to individual. `/ˈpipəlz əˈpɪnjənz ˈvɛri frəm ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl tə ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` - *7* words in English, *19* syllables. + +这个对应关系的纠正很重要，因为这个对应关系在最底层影响连贯声音的理解方式。 + +Recognizing this correlation is crucial as it fundamentally affects how we comprehend the flow of sounds in a sentence. + +另外一个重点在于，英文的音节有**重音**、**次重音**、**非重音**的区别，这一点也和亚洲语言明显不同。 + +Another crucial point is that English syllables have varying degrees of stress: *primary stress*, *secondary stress*, and the *unstressed*, which is noticeably different from Asian languages. + +5 个汉字（或者日文字、韩文字）排在一起大概是这样的： + +When 5 Chinese characters (or Japanese or Korean characters) are lined up, it might look like this: + +![5-chars](/images/5-chars.svg) + +但，由 5 个音节构成的词汇 *individual* 相应应该是这样的： + +However, the word *individual*, which is composed of 5 syllables, would likely be represented like this: + +![5-syllables](/images/5-syllables.svg) + +英语里除了重音、次重音、非重音之外，还有**弱读音节**，比如被弱化成 `ə` 的 *schwa*。 + +In English, in addition to primary stress, secondary stress, and unstressed syllables, we also have weakly pronounced syllables, like the schwa (`ə`) sound that occurs when syllables are reduced. + +细细体会 *individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` 这个词，如果每个音节都清晰地用同样的 stress 读出来的话，应该是 `/ɪn-dɪ-vɪ-dʒju-əl/`…… 这里面，第二个音节 `/dɪ/`里的元音 `ɪ` 被弱化为 `ə`；另外，第四个音节 `/dʒju/` 里的元音 `ju` 也被弱化成了 `ə`，但保留了 `u` 的音色；而处于音节末尾的 `l`，之前自带着轻微的 `ə`，于是连成了很轻的 `wəl`…… + +Let's Dig deep into the word *individual*, for example, pronounced `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/`. If each syllable was placed equal stress, it would sound something like /ɪn-dɪ-vɪ-dʒju-əl/... Within this pronunciation, the vowel `ɪ` in the second syllable `/dɪ/` is reduced to the schwa sound, `ə`; likewise, the vowel `ju` in the fourth syllable `/dʒju/` is also reduced to `ə`, but retains the coloration of `u`. The `l` at the end of the syllable, which originally carries a slight `ə` sound, thus becomes a very light `wəl`... + +![5-syllables-individual](/images/5-syllables-individual.svg) + + +