From e5bfa87753eb10fe2abe8f98aaced7d80e60d214 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xiaolai Date: Sat, 24 Aug 2024 08:26:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] l sound as in milk, double empty lines removed. --- .../edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb | 63 +++++++++++++++---- .../sounds-of-american-english/3.1.3-i.md | 1 - .../sounds-of-american-english/3.1.5-e.md | 2 - .../sounds-of-american-english/3.1.6-ɔ.md | 2 - .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.10-tsdz.md | 1 - .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.12-lr.md | 28 +++++---- .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.13-wj.md | 1 - .../sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-kg.md | 1 - .../sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md | 2 - .../4.5-sentences.md | 1 - 10 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) diff --git a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb index b6a4a82f..512c9ff7 100644 --- a/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb +++ b/1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb @@ -29,10 +29,20 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 4, + "execution_count": 1, "id": "71d35cd9", "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The history saving thread hit an unexpected error (DatabaseError('database disk image is malformed')).History will not be written to the database.\n", + "pygame 2.6.0 (SDL 2.28.4, Python 3.12.2)\n", + "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n" + ] + } + ], "source": [ "import edge_tts\n", "import os\n", @@ -64,7 +74,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 3, "id": "4146f92e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -73,15 +83,42 @@ "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['en-US-GuyNeural', 'en-US-AriaNeural']\n", - "facade\n", - "../audios/facade-us-male.mp3 created\n", - "../audios/facade-us-female.mp3 created\n", - "specific\n", - "../audios/specific-us-male.mp3 created\n", - "../audios/specific-us-female.mp3 created\n", - "plaid\n", - "../audios/plaid-us-male.mp3 created\n", - "../audios/plaid-us-female.mp3 created\n" + "applying\n", + "../audios/applying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/applying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "carrying\n", + "../audios/carrying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/carrying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "crying\n", + "../audios/crying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/crying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "denying\n", + "../audios/denying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/denying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "qualifying\n", + "../audios/qualifying-us-male.mp3 created\n", + "../audios/qualifying-us-female.mp3 created\n", + "\n", + "replying\n", + "../audios/replying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/replying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "satisfying\n", + "../audios/satisfying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/satisfying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "specifying\n", + "../audios/specifying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/specifying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n", + "spying\n", + "../audios/spying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "../audios/spying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n", + "\n" ] } ], @@ -102,7 +139,7 @@ "carrying,\n", "crying,\n", "denying,\n", - "qulifying,\n", + "qualifying,\n", "replying,\n", "satisfying,\n", "specifying,\n", diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.3-i.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.3-i.md index 38e1ed9e..b5449c2b 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.3-i.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.3-i.md @@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ ɪr，相当于英音中的 ɪə，相当于是一个儿化的双元音 —— 可以理解为 iᵊr 或者 iɚ，比如，*ear* ɪr …… 不过要小心，不是所有的末尾的 ə 都是儿化的，比如 *idea* aɪˈdiː.ə 末尾的 ə 就没有儿化。 - ## 3.1.3.6. 常见拼写 ### ɪ diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.5-e.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.5-e.md index b7e75629..7f78c2f3 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.5-e.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.5-e.md @@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ 美音中 e 的儿化音 er，相当于英音中的双元音 eə，可以理解为 eᵊr 或者 eɚ…… 说的时候，请仔细体会 r 之前的加音 ᵊ。 - ## 3.1.5.5. 常见拼写 ### e @@ -98,5 +97,4 @@ * laugh læf * draught dræft - [^1]: 在国际音标（IPA）e 这个符号代表的元音其实更接近英语音标 eɪ 所标识的元音, 是舌位局中靠前，嘴唇略闭，口型不圆的一个元音（a mid-front, closed, unrounded vowel）, 而《剑桥英语发声词典》里的 e 相当于是国际音标里的 ɛ。 diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.6-ɔ.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.6-ɔ.md index 9cb9f098..4d4f26c6 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.6-ɔ.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1.6-ɔ.md @@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ 另外，ɔːl 的组合也很常见，比如，palsy ˈpɔːl.zi 或者 *wall* wɑːl 。 - ## 3.1.5.5. 常见拼写 ### ɑː (equivalent to British ɒ) @@ -134,5 +133,4 @@ * door dɔːr * floor flɔːr - [^1]: 事实上，redraw 在《剑桥英语发声词典》里被标注为 ˌriːˈdrɔː —— 很可能是个编辑过程中的 “漏网之鱼”。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.10-tsdz.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.10-tsdz.md index 8edd3514..ef274101 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.10-tsdz.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.10-tsdz.md @@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ 《剑桥英语发声词典》的 Pronunciation symbols 中没有收录 ts 和 dz。 - ## 3.2.10.1. 示例 diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.12-lr.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.12-lr.md index e29cdbaa..e7d9565e 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.12-lr.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.12-lr.md @@ -63,26 +63,30 @@ l 在音节末尾的时候，有一个看不到的动作，舌尖会向前向上移动直至贴到龈脊。于是，音节末尾的 l 之前会有一个加音，轻微的 ᵊ。 - 说实话，倒也不是特别难，这只不过是几分钟就可以解决的问题。 > * 先反复说 ə... əl... ə... əl... 这里格外需要注意：嘴唇张开之后没有其它动作，**不要带嘴唇变化造成的 ʊ 的音色**；从 ə 到 l 的过程中，保持声带振动，剩余的全靠舌尖移动完成…… > * 接着直接反复说 əl... əl... > * 再反复说 əlk... əlk... -> * 现在反复说 mɪəlk... mɪəlk... 现在需要格外注意：为了 m 发声所以需要张开嘴唇，但，**此后嘴唇没有其他动作，否则会带着 ʊ 的音色**……（另外一个需要注意的是，不要把 ɪ 读成 i。） +> * 现在反复说 mɪəlk... mɪəlk... + +> [!Note] +> 需要格外注意的有亮点： +> * ɪ 不是 iː 的简单化短版本（[3.1.3.2](3.1.3-i#_3-1-3-2-短元音-ɪ)），它更接近 eɪ 的短版本。于是，milk 是 mɪlk，不是 milk，你哪怕把它读成 meɪlk 都可能更准确一些 —— 只不过得想办法把 eɪ 读得短一点…… +> * l 这个音，在音节末尾的时候，舌尖有个向前移动至龈脊（位置 ③）的动作 —— 这个动作很重要，否则与它相关的连读就说不出来（[4.4.1](4.4-linking#_4-4-1-辅音-元音-consonant-vowel)）。很多人会用 ʊ 替代这个动作，比如，吧 *result* rɪˈzəlt 读成 rɪˈzəʊt；同样，mɪlk 也实际上被很多人读作 mɪʊk…… 必须注意，音节末尾的 l 只有舌尖动作，**没有嘴唇动作**。 再用同样的方式练练 *girl* ɡɝːl（常常会被误读成 gəʊ）, *world* wɝːld（常常会被误读成 wəʊd）。 -以 l 处于音节末尾的常用词汇很多，读得时候要注意，要加上 ə，比如： +以 l 处于音节末尾的常用词汇很多，读得时候要注意，要加上 ᵊ，比如： -> * *fail* feɪl -> * *file* faɪl -> * *sell* sel -> * *sale* seɪl -> * *tell* tel -> * *tale* teɪl -> * *trail* treɪl -> * *drill* drɪl +> * *fail* feɪl ⭢ feɪᵊl +> * *file* faɪl ⭢ faɪᵊl +> * *sell* sel ⭢ seᵊl +> * *sale* seɪl ⭢ seɪᵊl +> * *tell* tel ⭢ teᵊl +> * *tale* teɪl ⭢ teɪᵊl +> * *trail* treɪl ⭢ treɪᵊl +> * *drill* drɪl ⭢ drɪᵊl > [!Note] > @@ -111,7 +115,6 @@ | ③ | t, d, l, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, tr, dr | | ④ | r | - ## 3.2.12.5. 常见拼写 ### l @@ -126,7 +129,6 @@ * call kɔːl * thrill θrɪl - ### r * **r** diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.13-wj.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.13-wj.md index 9aaede0d..bb3029cb 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.13-wj.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.13-wj.md @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ w 和 j 是半元音。 - w 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 ʊ，比如 *way* weɪ，读音上相当于是 ʊeɪ。 j 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 ɪ，比如 *you* juː，读音上相当于是 iuː。 diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-kg.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-kg.md index d8b8da74..a4c05cd4 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-kg.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-kg.md @@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ 另外，夹在两个元音之间的 k 也会出现像 t 夹在两个元音之间时那样的浊化现象，听起来更接近 g。比如，*look out*，*seek out*，*woke up*。 - ## 3.2.4. 常见拼写 ### k diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md index 150c8c95..49997464 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.4-linking.md @@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ > * *specifying* - ˈspes.ə.faɪ.ʲɪŋ > * *spying* - spaɪ.ʲɪŋ - 前一个音节以 ʊ 结尾，比如 ʊ/uː/aʊ/oʊ，会出现加音 ʷ： > - *Go away* - ˈɡoʊ əˈweɪ ⭢ ˈɡoʊʷəˈweɪ @@ -139,5 +138,4 @@ > - *Do it* - ˈduː ˈɪt ⭢ ˈduːʷɪt > - *Throw it* - ˈθroʊ ˈɪt ⭢ ˈθroʊʷɪt - [^1]: This audio clip is extracted from the Audible edition of Knowledge and Decisions by Thomas Sowell. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md index cf3da898..083fa5c2 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md @@ -204,6 +204,5 @@ 反复听几遍就知道了，"*but her communication of the project* **details**" 这个意群里，只有 *details* 这个词放缓了，被强读了，dɪ̅ˈte̅ɪlz，第一个音节甚至都被拉长了（毕竟是平调），但，前面的 "*but her communication of the project*"，每个词，每个音节都读得很快，都被弱读了，乃至于 *communication* kəˌmjuː.nəˈkeɪ.ʃən 里的长元音、双元音都很短，弱化，甚至，感觉上都变成了 kə.məː.nə.kɤ.ʃən…… 其中有不少需要注意的细节，含有很多**音变**（可能需要反复参照[音素详解](3-details)中的内容）。 - [^1] 这个例子来自于 [Macquarie University](https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/our-faculties/medicine-and-health-sciences/departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech/phonetics-and-phonology/Intonation-tobi-introduction) [^2] 这个例子来自于 *Manual of American English Pronunciation*, 4th edition, by Clifford H. Prator, Jr. BettyWallaceRobinett, 1972