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b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/1-phonemes.md @@ -280,18 +280,6 @@ voice vɔɪs -θ -thank θæŋk -θ -thank θæŋk - - -ð -this ðɪs -ð -this ðɪs - - s situation ˌsɪtʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən s @@ -304,6 +292,18 @@ zoo zuː +θ +thank θæŋk +θ +thank θæŋk + + +ð +this ðɪs +ð +this ðɪs + + ʃ shore ʃɔːr ʃ diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-td.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-td.md index e2e18a10..e435faba 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-td.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-td.md @@ -41,9 +41,14 @@ 虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 t/d 的发声关键在于**舌尖起始位置** —— 顶在**龈脊**（*alveolar ridge*）上，即，位置 ③，而不是贴在牙齿上。 -![articulator-tongue-tip-positions](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-positions.svg) - -![articulator-tongue-tip-td](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg) + + + + + + + +
在中文普通话里，t/d 这两个声母发声时舌尖起始位置贴在牙齿上；你可以试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（wǒ tī sǐ nǐ）…… diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.5-sz.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.5-sz.md index 6b56995b..b0b93eef 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.5-sz.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.5-sz.md @@ -1,29 +1,67 @@ -# 2.2.6. s/z +# 3.2.5. s/z -s/z 对所有人来说都没有什么具体的难度。s/z 发声时舌尖起始位置贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处 —— 即，位置 ②（参见 [1.4](1.4-articulators)）。 +## 3.2.5.1. 示例 -The s/z sounds don't really pose a challenge for most people. When producing these sounds, the tip of the tongue is close to, but not touching, the *seam* between teeth and gums, i.e. position ② (as described in [1.4](1.4-articulators)). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
BritishAmerican
D.J.例词（Example）IPA例词（Example）
ssituation ˌsɪtʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃənssituation ˌsɪtʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən
zzoo zuːzzoo zuː
-![articulator-tongue-tip-sz](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sz.svg) +## 3.2.5.2. 舌尖起始位置 -中文里当然也有 s 这个音，但，中文里的 s 在发音时舌尖起始位置更接近下排牙齿，即，比位置 ② 更低一些 —— 虽然听不出什么区别。你可以再试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（wǒ tī sǐ nǐ）…… 不过，作为中国人你需要新练一个 s，否则，说英文时经常遇到更费力的情况，比如，在说 st 这个组合的时候 —— 这恰好也是英文中使用频率相当高的一个组合。 +s/z 发声时舌尖起始位置贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处 —— 即，位置 ②。 -Of course, the sound s exists in Chinese as well, but when you pronounce it, the tip of your tongue starts closer to the lower teeth—slightly lower than position ②, even though you can't really hear the difference. Again, you can try this out by saying "wǒ tī sǐ nǐ" (我踢死你！) in Mandarin.However, for Chinese speakers, it's necessary to practice a new s sound to make speaking English less strenuous, especially when saying combinations like st — which happens to be a very common combination in English. + + + + + + + +
+ +中文里当然也有 s 这个音，但，中文里的 s 在发音时舌尖起始位置更接近下排牙齿，即，比位置 ② 更低一些你可以再试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（wǒ tī sǐ nǐ）…… + + 虽然两个略微不同的舌尖起始位置在单个音素中听不出什么区别。但，如果作为中国人不练出一个舌尖起始位置为 ② 的 s，那么说英文就相当吃力…… 比如，在说 st 这个组合的时候 —— 而 st 这恰好也是英文中使用频率特别高的一个组合。 + +## 3.2.5.3. s 之后的浊化 另外，需要注意的是，s 之后的 p/t/tr/k 作为音节开头时会被浊化（比如，音节末尾的 st 中的 t 不会被浊化），相应读成 b/d/dr/g（但是，音标标注却保持原样）： -Also, it's important to note that, following an s that starts a syllable, p/t/tr/k are voiced, meaning they are pronounced like b/d/dr/g respectively, while the phonetic annotations remain unchanged. However, this rule doesn't apply when these consonants are at the end of a syllable, like the t in st: - > * *speak* spiːk → sbiːk > * *student* ˈstudənt → ˈsdudənt > * *school* skuːl → sguːl > * *frustrate* ˈfrʌˌstreɪt → ˈfrʌˌsdreɪt -另外，英文的辅音并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的，虽然亚洲语言基本都没有这种差别。然而，英文的 f/v、s/z、ʃ 以及 ts 是可以拉长的，尤其是 s 和 ts。 +## 3.2.5.4. 长辅音 -In addition, in English, there's no differentiation between long and short consonant sounds. This is a feature found in some languages but is generally not present in Asian languages. However, in English, the sounds of f/v, s/z, ʃ, and ts can be lengthened, especially s and ts. +英文的辅音原本并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的 —— 亚洲语言也基本都没有这种差别。 -## 拼写（Spellings） +然而，英文的 f/v、s/z、ʃ 以及 ts 是可以拉长的，尤其是 s 和 ts。经过提醒之后，在自然语流中你经常会注意到这种情况。 + +## 3.2.5.5. 拼写（Spellings） ### s