From ffd471f01d374c5f7d703547570103c96df0284f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xiaolai Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2024 11:05:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] keep updated --- .../sounds-of-american-english/2.1.3-ʌ.md | 18 +++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.3-ʌ.md b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.3-ʌ.md index fdacb0cf..43f45348 100644 --- a/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.3-ʌ.md +++ b/1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.3-ʌ.md @@ -10,17 +10,21 @@ In terms of mouth shape, the vowel sound ʌ requires th The American pronunciation of ʌ is actually quite similar to ə. For instance, the word *but*, pronounced bʌt, often sounds more like bət. -美国人还会再进一步，会把很多非重读音节内的元音简化为 ə —— 对此还有个专门的术语，将其称为 *schwa*。所以，*encourage* 这个词英国人和美国人读得不太一样，英国人会读作 ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ，但，美国人却将其被读成 ɪnˈkɝːədʒ—— 不仅要将 ʌ 读成 ɝː（长元音），还要将 ɪ 变成 *schwa*, ə…… +美国人还会再进一步，会把很多**非重读音节**内的元音简化为 ə —— 对此还有个专门的术语，将其称为 *schwa*。所以，*encourage* 这个词英国人和美国人读得不太一样，英国人会读作 ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ，但，美国人却将其被读成 ɪnˈkɝːədʒ—— 不仅要将 ʌ 读成 ɝː（长元音），还要将 ɪ 变成 *schwa*, ə…… -They even go a step further, simplifying many unstressed vowel sounds to ə, which is particularly referred to as a *schwa*. So, the word *encourage* is pronounced differently by Brits and Americans. Brits say ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ, while Americans pronounce it as ɪnˈkɝːədʒ. In this case, not only is ʌ pronounced as ə, but the ɪ also turns into a *schwa*, ə... +They even go a step further, simplifying many *unstressed vowel sounds* to ə, which is particularly referred to as a *schwa*. So, the word *encourage* is pronounced differently by Brits and Americans. Brits say ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ, while Americans pronounce it as ɪnˈkɝːədʒ. In this case, not only is ʌ pronounced as ə, but the ɪ also turns into a *schwa*, ə... -在美式英语中，长元音 ɑː 常常会被儿化 —— 加上一个卷舌音 r，所以很多美式词典干脆用 ɑr 标注（包括 CEPD）。比如，*card* kɑːrd, *mark* mɑːrk。 +在美式英语中，ɑː 常常会被儿化 —— 加上一个卷舌音 r，所以很多美式词典干脆用 ɑr 标注。比如，*card* kɑːrd, *mark* mɑːrk。 -The long vowel ɑː is often *rhotacized* - meaning it is followed by a r sound, which leads to many American Dictionaries replacing ɑː with ɑr, including CEPD. For example, *card* is pronounced as kɑːrd, and *mark* as mɑːrk. +The vowel ɑː is often *rhotacized* - meaning it is followed by a r sound, which leads to many American Dictionaries replacing ɑː with ɑr. For example, *card* is pronounced as kɑːrd, and *mark* as mɑːrk. -在英音中，长元音 ɑː 对应的短元音是 ʌ。但，在美音中，长元音 ɑːr 对应的更短版本是 ɑː —— 不要被这个长元音符号迷惑了，它实际上对应的是英音中的短元音 ɒ，只不过相对略长一些。比如，*hot*, 英音是 hɒt，美音是 hɑːt。 +英音中的短元音 ɒ，在美音中读作 ɑː。比如，*hot*, 英音是 hɒt，美音是 hɑːt。 -In British English, the short vowel matching the long vowel ɑː is ʌ. However, in American English, the short vowel corresponding to the long vowel ɑr is ɑː, which is actually similar to the British short vowel ɒ, yet a little bit longer - don't be misled by the long vowel sign ː following ɑ. For instance, the word *hot* is pronounced hɒtin British English and hɑːtin American English. +The short vowel ɒ in British English, is pronounced as ɑː. For instance, the word *hot* is pronounced hɒtin British English and hɑːtin American English. + +请注意，在 CEPD 中，对应着英音 ɒ 的美音 ɑː 虽然带着一个长元音符号，它实际的长度相当于**半长元音**，比短元音长一些，比长元音短一些。除了 CEPD 之外，大多词典会把 *hot* 的音标标注为 hɑt —— 即，没有长元音符号。按照 CEPD 的标注，可以这么理解：在美式英语中，ʌ 最短，ɑː 更长一些，而 ɑːr 最长。 + +Please note that in CEPD, the American English sound ɑː, corresponding to the British ɒ, is denoted with a long vowel symbol. However, its actual duration is akin to a **semi-long vowel** - slightly longer than a short vowel but shorter than a long vowel. Apart from CEPD, most dictionaries would transcribe *hot* as /hɑt/, without the long vowel symbol. In accordance with CEPD's notation, you can understand it this way: in American English, ʌ is the shortest, ɑː is a bit longer, and ɑːr` is the longest. 英音中的 ɑː 在美式英语中读作 æ，最常见的例子是 *ask*，英音是 ɑːsk，美音是 æsk。 @@ -32,4 +36,4 @@ In American English, the British ɑː sound is pronounc To sum up, it's an interesting feature of American English: -> The sound ʌ actually has three versions. You've got the short vowel ʌ as in *but* bʌt, the semi-long vowel ɑː as in *hot* hɑːt, and the rhotacized long vowel ɑːr as in *card* kɑːrd. \ No newline at end of file +> The sound ʌ actually has three versions. You've got the short vowel ʌ as in *but* bʌt, the semi-long vowel ɑː as in *hot* hɑːt, and the rhotacized long vowel ɑːr as in *card* kɑːrd.