# 2.2.15. j, w
j 和 w 是半元音。
The sounds represented by j and w are semivowels in English.
j 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 ɪ，比如 *you* juː，读音上相当于是 iuː。
When j is connected to the following vowel, it is as if an ɪ sound is added in front of that vowel. For instance, the word *you* juː, pronounced the same as ɪuː.
w 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 ʊ，比如 *way* weɪ，读音上相当于是 ʊeɪ。
Similarly, when w is paired with a vowel, it's as if a ʊ sound precedes that vowel. Take the word *way* weɪ, pronounced the same as ʊeɪ.
w 可以和另外的辅音结合作为音节开头：sw、tw、dw、kw、skw、gw…… 这其中最容易出错也最常的是 kw，尤其是 kwɒ 和 kwɔː，比如，*quart* kwɔːrt，常常会被误读为 kɔːrt（听起来和 *court* kɔːrt 同音）；再比如，*quality* ˈkwɔːlɪti 常常会被误读为 ˈkɔːlɪti —— 关键在于，k 的音之后有一个发出 ʊ 的嘴唇动作，否则 kw 就变成了 k —— 这个差异在母语使用者听起来异常地明显。
The letter w can combine with other consonants to form the beginning of a syllable, such as sw, tw, dw, kw, skw, gw… The most common and often mispronounced combination is kw, specifically kwɒ and kwɔː. For example, the word *quart* is pronounced kwɔːrt, but it is often misconstrued as kɔːrt, which sounds like *court* kɔːrt, or *quality* ˈkwɔːlɪti as ˈkɔːlɪti. The key to getting this right is to make a lip movement for the ʊ sound after the k sound; otherwise, kw just becomes k. This distinction is incredibly noticeable to native speakers.
## 拼写（Spellings）
### w
* **w**
- week wiːk
- weird wɪrd
- wife waɪf
* **wh**
- white waɪt
- what wɑːt
- why waɪ
### j
* **y**
- yes jes
- yet jet
- yoke joʊk
* **i**
- onion ˈʌn.jən
- million ˈmɪl.jən
* **j**
- jager ˈjeɪ.ɡɚ
- hallelujah ˌhæl.ɪˈluː.jə