# 拼读（Spellings and Sounds）

之前的章节里，都罗列了对应每个音素可能的拼写。有些拼写只对应一个读音，比如，**h** 就只对应着 <span class="pho">h</span>；但，有一些拼写可能对应着多个读音。以下是一个总结整理，需要经过反复对照而暗熟于心。

In the previous chapters, we listed the possible spellings for each phoneme. Some spellings correspond to just one sound, like **h**, which only corresponds to <span class="pho">h</span>. However, some spellings can correspond to multiple sounds. Here's a summary that needs to be reviewed repeatedly until it becomes second nature.

## 元音拼写（Spellings of Vowels）

* "**a**": `ɑː`, `æ`, `e`, `eɪ`, `ə`
* "**ai**": `e`, `eɪ`
* "**al**": `ɑː`, `æ`, `ɔː`
* "**ar**": `ɑːr`, `ɚ`
* "**au**": `ɑː`, `aʊ`, `ɔː`
* "**e**": `e`, `ə`, `ɪ`, `iː`
* "**ea**": `e`, `iː`, `eɪ`
* "**ear**": `er`, `ɪr`, `ɝː`
* "**er**": `ɚ`, `ɝː`
* "**ew**": `uː`, `oʊ`
* "**i**": `ɪ`, `aɪ`, `ə`, `j`,
* "**ie**": `iː`, `e`, `aɪ`
* "**o**": `ʌ`, `ɑː`, `ə`, `ɔː`, `uː`, `oʊ`
* "**oo**": `ʌ`, `ʊ`, `uː`
* "**oor**": `ʊr`, `ɔːr`
* "**or**": `ɚ`, `ɝː`, `ɔːr`
* "**ou**": `ʌ`, `ʊ`, `ə`, `aʊ`
* "**ough**": `ɑː`, `oʊ`
* "**our**": `aʊr`, `ʊr`, `ɔːr`
* "**ow**": `aʊ`, `oʊ`
* "**u**": `ʌ`, `ʊ`, `uː`, `ə`
* "**ure**": `ɚ`, `ʊr`

## 辅音拼写（Spellings of Consonants）

* "**c**": `s`, `k`
* "**ch**": `ʃ`, `k`, `ʧ`
* "**d**": `d`, `dʒ`
* "**g**": `g`, `dʒ`, `ʒ`
* "**j**": `j`, `dʒ`
* "**s**": `s`, `z`, `ʃ`, `ʒ`
* "**ss**": `s`, `ʃ`
* "**th**": `ð`, `θ`, `t`
* "**y**": `ɪ`, `aɪ`, `i`, `j`
* "**z**": `z`, `ʒ`