### 4.3.1. 常见前缀（Common Prefixes）


1. **un-** (not, opposite of)
   - unhappy <span class="pho alt">ʌnˈhæp.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/unhappy-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/unhappy-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - unknown <span class="pho alt">ʌnˈnoʊn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/unknown-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/unknown-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - unusual <span class="pho alt">ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/unusual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/unusual-us-female.mp3"></span>

2. **re-** (again, back)
   - redo <span class="pho alt">riːˈduː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/redo-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/redo-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - review <span class="pho alt">rɪˈvjuː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/review-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/review-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - return <span class="pho alt">rɪˈtɝːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/return-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/return-us-female.mp3"></span>

3. **in-** (not, into)
   - incomplete <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.kəmˈpliːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/incomplete-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/incomplete-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - invisible <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/invisible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/invisible-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - inside <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈsaɪd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inside-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inside-us-female.mp3"></span>

4. **dis-** (not, opposite of)
   - disagree <span class="pho alt">ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/disagree-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/disagree-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - disappear <span class="pho alt">ˌdɪs.əˈpɪr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/disappear-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/disappear-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - disconnect <span class="pho alt">ˌdɪs.kəˈnekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/disconnect-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/disconnect-us-female.mp3"></span>

5. **pre-** (before)
   - preview <span class="pho alt">ˈpriː.vjuː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/preview-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/preview-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - predict <span class="pho alt">prɪˈdɪkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/predict-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/predict-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - preschool <span class="pho alt">ˈpriː.skuːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/preschool-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/preschool-us-female.mp3"></span>

6. **mis-** (wrongly)
   - misunderstand <span class="pho alt">ˌmɪs.ʌn.dɚˈstænd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/misunderstand-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/misunderstand-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - misplace <span class="pho alt">ˌmɪsˈpleɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/misplace-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/misplace-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - mislead <span class="pho alt">ˌmɪsˈliːd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mislead-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mislead-us-female.mp3"></span>

7. **non-** (not)
   - nonstick <span class="pho alt">ˌnɑːnˈstɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nonstick-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nonstick-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - nonprofit <span class="pho alt">nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nonprofit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nonprofit-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - nonviolent <span class="pho alt">ˌnɑːnˈvaɪə.lənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nonviolent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nonviolent-us-female.mp3"></span>

8. **over-** (too much)
   - overeat <span class="pho alt">ˌoʊ.vɚˈiːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/overeat-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/overeat-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - overwork <span class="pho alt">ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɝːk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/overwork-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/overwork-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - overheat <span class="pho alt">ˌoʊ.vɚˈhiːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/overheat-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/overheat-us-female.mp3"></span>

9. **sub-** (under)
   - submarine <span class="pho alt">ˌsʌb.məˈriːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/submarine-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/submarine-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - subtitle <span class="pho alt">ˈsʌbˌtaɪ.t̬əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/subtitle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/subtitle-us-female.mp3"></span>
   - subconscious <span class="pho alt">ˌsʌbˈkɑːn.ʃəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/subconscious-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/subconscious-us-female.mp3"></span>

10. **inter-** (between, among)
    - international <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈnæʃ.ən.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/international-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/international-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - interact <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈækt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/interact-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/interact-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - interrupt <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬əˈrʌpt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/interrupt-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/interrupt-us-female.mp3"></span>

11. **trans-** (across, beyond)
    - transport <span class="pho alt">ˈtræn.spɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/transport-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/transport-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - transfer <span class="pho alt">ˈtræns.fɝː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/transfer-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/transfer-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - transform <span class="pho alt">trænsˈfɔːrm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/transform-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/transform-us-female.mp3"></span>

12. **under-** (too little, below)
    - underpaid <span class="pho alt">ˌʌn.dɚˈpeɪd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/underpaid-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/underpaid-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - underestimate <span class="pho alt">ˌʌn.dɚˈes.tə.meɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/underestimate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/underestimate-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - underground <span class="pho alt">ˌʌn.dɚˈɡraʊnd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/underground-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/underground-us-female.mp3"></span>

13. **super-** (above, beyond)
    - superhuman <span class="pho alt">ˌsuː.pɚˈhjuː.mən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/superhuman-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/superhuman-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - supermarket <span class="pho alt">ˈsuː.pɚˌmɑːr.kɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/supermarket-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/supermarket-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - supervisor <span class="pho alt">ˈsuː.pɚ.vaɪ.zɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/supervisor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/supervisor-us-female.mp3"></span>

14. **semi-** (half, partly)
    - semicircle <span class="pho alt">ˈsem.iˌsɝː.kəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/semicircle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/semicircle-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - semifinal <span class="pho alt">ˌsem.iˈfaɪ.nəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/semifinal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/semifinal-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - semiconscious <span class="pho alt">ˌsem.aɪ.ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/semiconscious-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/semiconscious-us-female.mp3"></span>

15. **anti-** (against)
    - antibiotic <span class="pho alt">ˌæn.t̬i.baɪˈɑː.t̬ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/antibiotic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/antibiotic-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - antifreeze <span class="pho alt">ˈæn.t̬i.friːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/antifreeze-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/antifreeze-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - antisocial <span class="pho alt">ˌæn.t̬iˈsoʊ.ʃəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/antisocial-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/antisocial-us-female.mp3"></span>

16. **de-** (down, away from)
    - devalue <span class="pho alt">ˌdiːˈvæl.juː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/devalue-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/devalue-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - defrost <span class="pho alt">ˌdiːˈfrɑːst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/defrost-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/defrost-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - decode <span class="pho alt">diːˈkoʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/decode-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/decode-us-female.mp3"></span>

17. **en-** (make, put into)
    - enable <span class="pho alt">ɪˈneɪ.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/enable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/enable-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - enrich <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈrɪtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/enrich-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/enrich-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - encourage <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈkɝː.ɪdʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/encourage-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/encourage-us-female.mp3"></span>

18. **em-** (cause to)
    - empower <span class="pho alt">-ˈpaʊr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/empower-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/empower-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - embrace <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈbreɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/embrace-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/embrace-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - employ <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈplɔɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/employ-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/employ-us-female.mp3"></span>

19. **non-** (not)
    - nonexistent <span class="pho alt">ˌnɑn·ɪɡˈzɪs·tənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nonexistent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nonexistent-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - nonsense <span class="pho alt">ˈnɑːn.sens</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nonsense-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nonsense-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - nonprofit <span class="pho alt">nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nonprofit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nonprofit-us-female.mp3"></span>

20. **mid-** (middle)
    - midnight <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪd.naɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/midnight-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/midnight-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - midterm <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪd.tɝːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/midterm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/midterm-us-female.mp3"></span>
    - midfield <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪd.fiːld</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/midfield-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/midfield-us-female.mp3"></span>