# 2.3.1. 构成(Structure of a syllable) **英文的词汇由至少一个音节构成**。英文中出现频率最高的几个词,*a/an*, *the*, *of*, *to*, *for*... 等等都是单音节词汇。有的词汇可能很长,由很多音节构成。在英文词典中能找到的最长词汇总计由 19 个音节,45 个字母构成: > *[Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis)* > > ˌnumənəʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkəʊvɑlˌkeɪnəʊˌkəʊniˈəʊsəs 一个音节中,有且只有一个元音(被称为 *nucleus*),也是该音节的韵(*rhyme*)。音节以元音为核心,前后可有多达三个辅音构成的组合。 In a syllable, there is *only* one vowel, known as the *nucleus*, which forms the *rhyme* of the syllable. This vowel is at the core of the syllable, and it can be surrounded by up to three consonants. 英文的音节构成大抵上有以下几种形式(其中,c 代表辅音,v 代表元音): In English, syllables can generally be made up of the following patterns (where c stands for consonant and v stands for vowel): > * v - *awe* ɑː > * vc - *add* æd > * vcc - *east* iːst > * vccc - *axed* ækst > * cv - *the* ðə > * cvc - *dog* dɑːɡ > * cvcc - *task* tæsk > * cvccc - *text* tekst > * ccv - *flee* fliː > * ccvc - *speed* spiːd > * ccvcc - *thrust* θrʌst > * ccvccc - *flexed* flekst > * cccv - *spray* spreɪ > * cccvc - *spring* sprɪŋ > * cccvcc - *splashed* splæʃt > * cccvccc - *scrounged* skraʊndʒd