# 3.2.13. `m`, `n`, `ŋ`

`m` 和 `n` 处于音节开头时，没有人会觉得困难。尤其是 `m`…… 因为它也许是人类学会说的第一个辅音；于此同时，`ɑ` 永远是人类学会的第一个元音，所以大家都用 `mɑ` 称呼自己的母亲。 

When `m` and `n` are at the beginning of a syllable, no one finds it challenging. Especially `m`, since it might be the first consonant humans learn to utter. At the same time, `ɑ` is always the first vowel humans learn, which is why `mɑ` is a universal sound for *mother*. 

`ŋ` 处于其它元音之后对所有人来说也同样不构成困难，因为英文中最常用的不过是 `ɪŋ`  而已……

Similarly, everyone finds it easy to pronounce `ŋ` after other vowels. This isn't surprising, given that `ɪŋ` is the most commonly used sounds in English.

麻烦在于 `m` 处于音节末尾的时候。很多人会不由自主地额外加上一个 `ʊ` 的音，这是一个嘴唇的多余动作产生的结果。比如，把 *room* `/ruːm/` 读成 `/ruːmʊ/`。 

The tricky part comes when `m` is at the end of a syllable. A lot of people have an involuntary habit of adding an extra `ʊ` sound, which results from an unnecessary lips' movement. For instance, they might pronounce *room* as `/ruːmʊ/`, instead of `/ruːm/`.