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2.2.6. s/z
s/z 对所有人来说都没有什么具体的难度。s/z 发声时起始的舌尖位置贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处。
The s/z sounds don't really pose a challenge for most people. When producing these sounds, the tip of the tongue is close to, but not touching, the seam between teeth and gums.
需要注意的是，s 之后的 p、t、tr、k 会被浊化，相应读成 b、d、dr、g（但是，音标标注却保持原样）：
It's important to note that following an s, p/t/tr/k are voiced, meaning they are pronounced like b/d/dr/g respectively, while the phonetic annotations remain unchanged.
- speak
/spiːk/→/sbiːk/- student
/ˈstudənt/→/ˈsdudənt/- school
/skuːl/→/sguːl/- frustrate
/ˈfrʌˌstreɪt/→/ˈfrʌˌsdreɪt/
另外，英文的辅音并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的，虽然亚洲语言基本都没有这种差别。然而，英文的 f/v、s/z、ʃ 是可以拉长的，尤其是 s/z。
In addition, in English, there's no differentiation between long and short consonant sounds. This is a feature found in some languages but is generally not present in Asian languages. However, in English, the sounds of f/v, s/z, and ʃ can be lengthened, especially s/z.