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Minix/CD-ROM-2.0/MINIX/MANUALS/CAT1/IC.1
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Minix/CD-ROM-2.0/MINIX/MANUALS/CAT1/IC.1
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IC(1) Minix Programmer's Manual IC(1)
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NAME
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ic - integer calculator
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SYNOPSIS
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ic [expression]
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EXAMPLES
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ic # Start the calculator
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ic 250 300+ # Start calculator with 550 on the stack
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DESCRIPTION
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Ic is a simple RPN (Reverse Polish Notation) calculator, used for small
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calculations and base conversions. All calculations are done using 32 bit
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integers. The standard input is usually a keyboard and the standard
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output requires a device with a 'termcap' entry. The program starts by
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interpreting any <args> as commands, where the separation between
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arguments is considered to be the same as the ENTER key. For example,
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ic 692 784+
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After reading the arguments input is from the keyboard.
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Stack Operations
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The operation of this program is similar to an RPN calculator. A six
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level stack is used. The ENTER key pushes the stack up one level. For
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example, '12+5' is entered as '12 ENTER 5 +".
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The top two entries on the stack are exchanged by the x command, and the
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stack is rolled down one (popped) by the p key. The top of the stack may
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be cleared by pressing the back-space key. The whole stack and the
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registers are initialized by a z.
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Numeric Entry
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The input and output bases are initially decimal, but they may be changed
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using the i and o commands. The i command changes both bases, but the o
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command changes just the output base. These commands take a one
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character argument of h, d, o or b to change to Hexadecimal, Decimal,
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Octal or Binary. While the input base is hexadecimal the letters a
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through f are used to represent the decimal values 10 through 15.
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When the input base is decimal: multiply, divide and remainder are
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signed, otherwise they are performed unsigned.
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1
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IC(1) Minix Programmer's Manual IC(1)
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The output base may also be changed to ASCII (a), this causes the least
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significant 7 bits of a value to be displayed as a character. To input an
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ASCII value the translate (t) command may be used, it accepts one
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character as its argument.
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Calculations
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The arithmetic operations supported are: Negate ('.'), Add ('+'),
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Subtract ('-'), Multiply ('*'), Divide ('/'), and Remainder ('%'). The
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logical (Boolean) operations available are: NOT ('~'), AND ('&'), OR
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('|'), and EXCLUSIVE-OR ('^').
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After one of these operations the last top of stack value is saved. It
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may be restored by pressing l (L).
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Saving Results
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Ten temporary registers are available. The Store (s) command followed by
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a digit ('0'..'9') will copy the top of the stack to the specified
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register. The Recall (r) command pushes the contents of a register onto
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the top of the stack.
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If the Store command is followed by a '+' preceding the digit, then the
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top of the stack will be added to the specified 'accumulator' register.
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Values may also be written to a file. The w command writes the top of the
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stack, using the current output base, to a file called 'pad' in the
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current directory. If the user does not have write access to the current
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directory then the file /tmp/pad_$USER is used as the scratch pad. The
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scratch pad file is erased on the first use of the w command within each
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new invocation of 'ic'.
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Miscellaneous
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The Quit (q) key causes an immediate exit. The m command temporarily
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leaves ic by invoking the shell as a sub-process. For help while using
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ic, hit the h key. If an erroneous key is pressed the bell will sound.
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Command Summary
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Note that many commands have an alternative key-code available on the
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extended AT keyboard. This aids entry by including most commands on the
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right side of the keyboard.
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ENTER Enter (push up)
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BS (DEL) Clear top of stack
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h Help
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i Input base (h, d, o, b)
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l (PGDN) Last top of stack
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m MINIX shell
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2
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IC(1) Minix Programmer's Manual IC(1)
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o Output base (h, d, o, b, a)
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p (DOWN) Pop stack (roll down)
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q (END) Quit
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r (LEFT) Recall (0-9)
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s (RIGHT) Store [+] (0-9)
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t Translate (char)
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w (PGUP) Write top of stack to scratch pad
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x (UP) Exchange top of stack
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z (HOME) Zero all state
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. Change sign
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+ (+) Add
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- (-) Subtract
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* Multiply
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/ Divide
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% (sh/5) Remainder
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(tilde) Not
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& And
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| Or
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^ Exclusive-or
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Author
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Ic was written by Terrence W. Holm.
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3
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