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docs/Install-Guide/install-guide-2.2.2/node153.html
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<!Converted with LaTeX2HTML 95.1 (Fri Jan 20 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>3.13.3 Shell initialization scripts</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<meta name="description" value="3.13.3 Shell initialization scripts">
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<meta name="keywords" value="gs">
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<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
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<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<P>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html3686 HREF="node154.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3684 HREF="node149.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3680 HREF="node152.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3688 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3689 HREF="node250.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3687 HREF="node154.html">3.14 So You Want </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3685 HREF="node149.html">3.13 Customizing your Environment</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3681 HREF="node152.html">3.13.2.1 The PATH environment </A>
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<BR> <HR> <P>
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<H2><A NAME=SECTION005133000000000000000>3.13.3 Shell initialization scripts</A></H2>
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<A NAME=secinitscripts> </A>
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<A NAME=4116> </A>
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<A NAME=4117> </A>
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In addition to shell scripts that you create, there are a number
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of scripts that the shell itself uses for certain purposes. The
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most important of these are your <b>initialization scripts</b>, scripts
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automatically executed by the shell when you login.
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<P>
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The initialization scripts themselves are simply shell scripts, as
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described above. However, they are very useful in setting up your
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environment by executing commands automatically when you
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login. For example, if you always use the <tt>mail</tt> command to check your
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mail when you login, you place the command in your
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initialization script so it will be executed automatically.
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<P>
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<A NAME=4120> </A>
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Both Bash and Tcsh distinguish between a <b>login shell</b> and other
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invocations of the shell. A login shell is a shell invoked at login time;
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usually, it's the only shell which you'll use. However, if you ``shell out''
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of another program, such as <tt>vi</tt>, you start another instance of
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the shell, which isn't your login shell. In addition, whenever you run
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a shell script, you automatically start another instance of the shell to
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execute the script.
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<P>
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<A NAME=4123> </A>
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<A NAME=4124> </A>
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<A NAME=4150> </A>
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<A NAME=4151> </A>
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<A NAME=4152> </A>
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<A NAME=4153> </A>
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The initialization files used by Bash are: <tt>/etc/profile</tt> (set up
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by the system administrator, executed by all Bash users at login time),
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<tt>$HOME/.bash_profile</tt> (executed by a login Bash session), and
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<tt>$HOME/.bashrc</tt> (executed by all non-login instances of Bash).
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If <tt>.bash_profile</tt> is not present, <tt>.profile</tt> is used instead.
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<P>
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<A NAME=4154> </A>
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<A NAME=4155> </A>
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Tcsh uses the following initialization scripts: <tt>/etc/csh.login</tt>
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(executed by all Tcsh users at login time), <tt>$HOME/.tcshrc</tt>
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(executed a login time and by all new instances of Tcsh), and
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<tt>$HOME/.login</tt> (executed at login time, following <tt>.tcshrc</tt>).
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If <tt>.tcshrc</tt> is not present, <tt>.cshrc</tt> is used instead.
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<P>
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To fully understand the function of these files, you'll need to learn
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more about the shell itself. Shell programming is a complicated subject,
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far beyond the scope of this book. See the man pages for <tt>bash</tt> and/or
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<tt>tcsh</tt> to learn more about customizing your shell environment.
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<P>
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<A NAME=4144> </A>
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<P>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html3686 HREF="node154.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3684 HREF="node149.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3680 HREF="node152.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3688 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3689 HREF="node250.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3687 HREF="node154.html">3.14 So You Want </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3685 HREF="node149.html">3.13 Customizing your Environment</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3681 HREF="node152.html">3.13.2.1 The PATH environment </A>
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<BR> <HR> <P>
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<BR> <HR>
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<P><ADDRESS>
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<I>Matt Welsh <BR>
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mdw@sunsite.unc.edu</I>
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</ADDRESS>
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</BODY>
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