add directory gnu

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
* that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
* comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
* acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
* University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
* documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
* all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
* Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
* be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)atan2.c 5.6 (Berkeley) 10/9/90";
#endif /* not lint */
/* ATAN2(Y,X)
* RETURN ARG (X+iY)
* DOUBLE PRECISION (VAX D format 56 bits, IEEE DOUBLE 53 BITS)
* CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/8/85;
* REVISED BY K.C. NG on 2/7/85, 2/13/85, 3/7/85, 3/30/85, 6/29/85.
*
* Required system supported functions :
* copysign(x,y)
* scalb(x,y)
* logb(x)
*
* Method :
* 1. Reduce y to positive by atan2(y,x)=-atan2(-y,x).
* 2. Reduce x to positive by (if x and y are unexceptional):
* ARG (x+iy) = arctan(y/x) ... if x > 0,
* ARG (x+iy) = pi - arctan[y/(-x)] ... if x < 0,
* 3. According to the integer k=4t+0.25 truncated , t=y/x, the argument
* is further reduced to one of the following intervals and the
* arctangent of y/x is evaluated by the corresponding formula:
*
* [0,7/16] atan(y/x) = t - t^3*(a1+t^2*(a2+...(a10+t^2*a11)...)
* [7/16,11/16] atan(y/x) = atan(1/2) + atan( (y-x/2)/(x+y/2) )
* [11/16.19/16] atan(y/x) = atan( 1 ) + atan( (y-x)/(x+y) )
* [19/16,39/16] atan(y/x) = atan(3/2) + atan( (y-1.5x)/(x+1.5y) )
* [39/16,INF] atan(y/x) = atan(INF) + atan( -x/y )
*
* Special cases:
* Notations: atan2(y,x) == ARG (x+iy) == ARG(x,y).
*
* ARG( NAN , (anything) ) is NaN;
* ARG( (anything), NaN ) is NaN;
* ARG(+(anything but NaN), +-0) is +-0 ;
* ARG(-(anything but NaN), +-0) is +-PI ;
* ARG( 0, +-(anything but 0 and NaN) ) is +-PI/2;
* ARG( +INF,+-(anything but INF and NaN) ) is +-0 ;
* ARG( -INF,+-(anything but INF and NaN) ) is +-PI;
* ARG( +INF,+-INF ) is +-PI/4 ;
* ARG( -INF,+-INF ) is +-3PI/4;
* ARG( (anything but,0,NaN, and INF),+-INF ) is +-PI/2;
*
* Accuracy:
* atan2(y,x) returns (PI/pi) * the exact ARG (x+iy) nearly rounded,
* where
*
* in decimal:
* pi = 3.141592653589793 23846264338327 .....
* 53 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 115997963 ..... ,
* 56 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 227020265 ..... ,
*
* in hexadecimal:
* pi = 3.243F6A8885A308D313198A2E....
* 53 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A30 = 2 * 1.921FB54442D18 error=.276ulps
* 56 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A308 = 4 * .C90FDAA22168C2 error=.206ulps
*
* In a test run with 356,000 random argument on [-1,1] * [-1,1] on a
* VAX, the maximum observed error was 1.41 ulps (units of the last place)
* compared with (PI/pi)*(the exact ARG(x+iy)).
*
* Note:
* We use machine PI (the true pi rounded) in place of the actual
* value of pi for all the trig and inverse trig functions. In general,
* if trig is one of sin, cos, tan, then computed trig(y) returns the
* exact trig(y*pi/PI) nearly rounded; correspondingly, computed arctrig
* returns the exact arctrig(y)*PI/pi nearly rounded. These guarantee the
* trig functions have period PI, and trig(arctrig(x)) returns x for
* all critical values x.
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
* The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
* from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
* shown.
*/
#include "mathimpl.h"
vc(athfhi, 4.6364760900080611433E-1 ,6338,3fed,da7b,2b0d, -1, .ED63382B0DDA7B)
vc(athflo, 1.9338828231967579916E-19 ,5005,2164,92c0,9cfe, -62, .E450059CFE92C0)
vc(PIo4, 7.8539816339744830676E-1 ,0fda,4049,68c2,a221, 0, .C90FDAA22168C2)
vc(at1fhi, 9.8279372324732906796E-1 ,985e,407b,b4d9,940f, 0, .FB985E940FB4D9)
vc(at1flo,-3.5540295636764633916E-18 ,1edc,a383,eaea,34d6, -57,-.831EDC34D6EAEA)
vc(PIo2, 1.5707963267948966135E0 ,0fda,40c9,68c2,a221, 1, .C90FDAA22168C2)
vc(PI, 3.1415926535897932270E0 ,0fda,4149,68c2,a221, 2, .C90FDAA22168C2)
vc(a1, 3.3333333333333473730E-1 ,aaaa,3faa,ab75,aaaa, -1, .AAAAAAAAAAAB75)
vc(a2, -2.0000000000017730678E-1 ,cccc,bf4c,946e,cccd, -2,-.CCCCCCCCCD946E)
vc(a3, 1.4285714286694640301E-1 ,4924,3f12,4262,9274, -2, .92492492744262)
vc(a4, -1.1111111135032672795E-1 ,8e38,bee3,6292,ebc6, -3,-.E38E38EBC66292)
vc(a5, 9.0909091380563043783E-2 ,2e8b,3eba,d70c,b31b, -3, .BA2E8BB31BD70C)
vc(a6, -7.6922954286089459397E-2 ,89c8,be9d,7f18,27c3, -3,-.9D89C827C37F18)
vc(a7, 6.6663180891693915586E-2 ,86b4,3e88,9e58,ae37, -3, .8886B4AE379E58)
vc(a8, -5.8772703698290408927E-2 ,bba5,be70,a942,8481, -4,-.F0BBA58481A942)
vc(a9, 5.2170707402812969804E-2 ,b0f3,3e55,13ab,a1ab, -4, .D5B0F3A1AB13AB)
vc(a10, -4.4895863157820361210E-2 ,e4b9,be37,048f,7fd1, -4,-.B7E4B97FD1048F)
vc(a11, 3.3006147437343875094E-2 ,3174,3e07,2d87,3cf7, -4, .8731743CF72D87)
vc(a12, -1.4614844866464185439E-2 ,731a,bd6f,76d9,2f34, -6,-.EF731A2F3476D9)
ic(athfhi, 4.6364760900080609352E-1 , -2, 1.DAC670561BB4F)
ic(athflo, 4.6249969567426939759E-18 , -58, 1.5543B8F253271)
ic(PIo4, 7.8539816339744827900E-1 , -1, 1.921FB54442D18)
ic(at1fhi, 9.8279372324732905408E-1 , -1, 1.F730BD281F69B)
ic(at1flo,-2.4407677060164810007E-17 , -56, -1.C23DFEFEAE6B5)
ic(PIo2, 1.5707963267948965580E0 , 0, 1.921FB54442D18)
ic(PI, 3.1415926535897931160E0 , 1, 1.921FB54442D18)
ic(a1, 3.3333333333333942106E-1 , -2, 1.55555555555C3)
ic(a2, -1.9999999999979536924E-1 , -3, -1.9999999997CCD)
ic(a3, 1.4285714278004377209E-1 , -3, 1.24924921EC1D7)
ic(a4, -1.1111110579344973814E-1 , -4, -1.C71C7059AF280)
ic(a5, 9.0908906105474668324E-2 , -4, 1.745CE5AA35DB2)
ic(a6, -7.6919217767468239799E-2 , -4, -1.3B0FA54BEC400)
ic(a7, 6.6614695906082474486E-2 , -4, 1.10DA924597FFF)
ic(a8, -5.8358371008508623523E-2 , -5, -1.DE125FDDBD793)
ic(a9, 4.9850617156082015213E-2 , -5, 1.9860524BDD807)
ic(a10, -3.6700606902093604877E-2 , -5, -1.2CA6C04C6937A)
ic(a11, 1.6438029044759730479E-2 , -6, 1.0D52174A1BB54)
#ifdef vccast
#define athfhi vccast(athfhi)
#define athflo vccast(athflo)
#define PIo4 vccast(PIo4)
#define at1fhi vccast(at1fhi)
#define at1flo vccast(at1flo)
#define PIo2 vccast(PIo2)
#define PI vccast(PI)
#define a1 vccast(a1)
#define a2 vccast(a2)
#define a3 vccast(a3)
#define a4 vccast(a4)
#define a5 vccast(a5)
#define a6 vccast(a6)
#define a7 vccast(a7)
#define a8 vccast(a8)
#define a9 vccast(a9)
#define a10 vccast(a10)
#define a11 vccast(a11)
#define a12 vccast(a12)
#endif
double atan2(y,x)
double y,x;
{
static const double zero=0, one=1, small=1.0E-9, big=1.0E18;
double t,z,signy,signx,hi,lo;
int k,m;
#if !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe)
/* if x or y is NAN */
if(x!=x) return(x); if(y!=y) return(y);
#endif /* !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe) */
/* copy down the sign of y and x */
signy = copysign(one,y) ;
signx = copysign(one,x) ;
/* if x is 1.0, goto begin */
if(x==1) { y=copysign(y,one); t=y; if(finite(t)) goto begin;}
/* when y = 0 */
if(y==zero) return((signx==one)?y:copysign(PI,signy));
/* when x = 0 */
if(x==zero) return(copysign(PIo2,signy));
/* when x is INF */
if(!finite(x))
if(!finite(y))
return(copysign((signx==one)?PIo4:3*PIo4,signy));
else
return(copysign((signx==one)?zero:PI,signy));
/* when y is INF */
if(!finite(y)) return(copysign(PIo2,signy));
/* compute y/x */
x=copysign(x,one);
y=copysign(y,one);
if((m=(k=logb(y))-logb(x)) > 60) t=big+big;
else if(m < -80 ) t=y/x;
else { t = y/x ; y = scalb(y,-k); x=scalb(x,-k); }
/* begin argument reduction */
begin:
if (t < 2.4375) {
/* truncate 4(t+1/16) to integer for branching */
k = 4 * (t+0.0625);
switch (k) {
/* t is in [0,7/16] */
case 0:
case 1:
if (t < small)
{ big + small ; /* raise inexact flag */
return (copysign((signx>zero)?t:PI-t,signy)); }
hi = zero; lo = zero; break;
/* t is in [7/16,11/16] */
case 2:
hi = athfhi; lo = athflo;
z = x+x;
t = ( (y+y) - x ) / ( z + y ); break;
/* t is in [11/16,19/16] */
case 3:
case 4:
hi = PIo4; lo = zero;
t = ( y - x ) / ( x + y ); break;
/* t is in [19/16,39/16] */
default:
hi = at1fhi; lo = at1flo;
z = y-x; y=y+y+y; t = x+x;
t = ( (z+z)-x ) / ( t + y ); break;
}
}
/* end of if (t < 2.4375) */
else
{
hi = PIo2; lo = zero;
/* t is in [2.4375, big] */
if (t <= big) t = - x / y;
/* t is in [big, INF] */
else
{ big+small; /* raise inexact flag */
t = zero; }
}
/* end of argument reduction */
/* compute atan(t) for t in [-.4375, .4375] */
z = t*t;
#if defined(vax)||defined(tahoe)
z = t*(z*(a1+z*(a2+z*(a3+z*(a4+z*(a5+z*(a6+z*(a7+z*(a8+
z*(a9+z*(a10+z*(a11+z*a12))))))))))));
#else /* defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) */
z = t*(z*(a1+z*(a2+z*(a3+z*(a4+z*(a5+z*(a6+z*(a7+z*(a8+
z*(a9+z*(a10+z*a11)))))))))));
#endif /* defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) */
z = lo - z; z += t; z += hi;
return(copysign((signx>zero)?z:PI-z,signy));
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1987 Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
* that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
* comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
* acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
* University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
* documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
* all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
* Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
* be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sincos.c 5.5 (Berkeley) 10/9/90";
#endif /* not lint */
#include "trig.h"
double
sin(x)
double x;
{
double a,c,z;
if(!finite(x)) /* sin(NaN) and sin(INF) must be NaN */
return x-x;
x=drem(x,PI2); /* reduce x into [-PI,PI] */
a=copysign(x,one);
if (a >= PIo4) {
if(a >= PI3o4) /* ... in [3PI/4,PI] */
x = copysign((a = PI-a),x);
else { /* ... in [PI/4,3PI/4] */
a = PIo2-a; /* rtn. sign(x)*C(PI/2-|x|) */
z = a*a;
c = cos__C(z);
z *= half;
a = (z >= thresh ? half-((z-half)-c) : one-(z-c));
return copysign(a,x);
}
}
if (a < small) { /* rtn. S(x) */
big+a;
return x;
}
return x+x*sin__S(x*x);
}
double
cos(x)
double x;
{
double a,c,z,s = 1.0;
if(!finite(x)) /* cos(NaN) and cos(INF) must be NaN */
return x-x;
x=drem(x,PI2); /* reduce x into [-PI,PI] */
a=copysign(x,one);
if (a >= PIo4) {
if (a >= PI3o4) { /* ... in [3PI/4,PI] */
a = PI-a;
s = negone;
}
else { /* ... in [PI/4,3PI/4] */
a = PIo2-a;
return a+a*sin__S(a*a); /* rtn. S(PI/2-|x|) */
}
}
if (a < small) {
big+a;
return s; /* rtn. s*C(a) */
}
z = a*a;
c = cos__C(z);
z *= half;
a = (z >= thresh ? half-((z-half)-c) : one-(z-c));
return copysign(a,s);
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1987 Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
* that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
* comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
* acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
* University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
* documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
* all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
* Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
* be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)tan.c 5.5 (Berkeley) 10/9/90";
#endif /* not lint */
#include "trig.h"
double
tan(x)
double x;
{
double a,z,ss,cc,c;
int k;
if(!finite(x)) /* tan(NaN) and tan(INF) must be NaN */
return x-x;
x = drem(x,PI); /* reduce x into [-PI/2, PI/2] */
a = copysign(x,one); /* ... = abs(x) */
if (a >= PIo4) {
k = 1;
x = copysign(PIo2-a,x);
}
else {
k = 0;
if (a < small) {
big+a;
return x;
}
}
z = x*x;
cc = cos__C(z);
ss = sin__S(z);
z *= half; /* Next get c = cos(x) accurately */
c = (z >= thresh ? half-((z-half)-cc) : one-(z-cc));
if (k == 0)
return x+(x*(z-(cc-ss)))/c; /* ... sin/cos */
#ifdef national
else if (x == zero)
return copysign(fmax,x); /* no inf on 32k */
#endif /* national */
else
return c/(x+x*ss); /* ... cos/sin */
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1987 Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
* that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
* comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
* acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
* University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
* documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
* all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
* Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
* be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* @(#)trig.h 5.6 (Berkeley) 10/9/90
*/
#include "mathimpl.h"
vc(thresh, 2.6117239648121182150E-1 ,b863,3f85,6ea0,6b02, -1, .85B8636B026EA0)
vc(PIo4, 7.8539816339744830676E-1 ,0fda,4049,68c2,a221, 0, .C90FDAA22168C2)
vc(PIo2, 1.5707963267948966135E0 ,0fda,40c9,68c2,a221, 1, .C90FDAA22168C2)
vc(PI3o4, 2.3561944901923449203E0 ,cbe3,4116,0e92,f999, 2, .96CBE3F9990E92)
vc(PI, 3.1415926535897932270E0 ,0fda,4149,68c2,a221, 2, .C90FDAA22168C2)
vc(PI2, 6.2831853071795864540E0 ,0fda,41c9,68c2,a221, 3, .C90FDAA22168C2)
ic(thresh, 2.6117239648121182150E-1 , -2, 1.0B70C6D604DD4)
ic(PIo4, 7.8539816339744827900E-1 , -1, 1.921FB54442D18)
ic(PIo2, 1.5707963267948965580E0 , 0, 1.921FB54442D18)
ic(PI3o4, 2.3561944901923448370E0 , 1, 1.2D97C7F3321D2)
ic(PI, 3.1415926535897931160E0 , 1, 1.921FB54442D18)
ic(PI2, 6.2831853071795862320E0 , 2, 1.921FB54442D18)
#ifdef vccast
#define thresh vccast(thresh)
#define PIo4 vccast(PIo4)
#define PIo2 vccast(PIo2)
#define PI3o4 vccast(PI3o4)
#define PI vccast(PI)
#define PI2 vccast(PI2)
#endif
#ifdef national
static long fmaxx[] = { 0xffffffff, 0x7fefffff};
#define fmax (*(double*)fmaxx)
#endif /* national */
static const double
zero = 0,
one = 1,
negone = -1,
half = 1.0/2.0,
small = 1E-10, /* 1+small**2 == 1; better values for small:
* small = 1.5E-9 for VAX D
* = 1.2E-8 for IEEE Double
* = 2.8E-10 for IEEE Extended
*/
big = 1E20; /* big := 1/(small**2) */
/* sin__S(x*x) ... re-implemented as a macro
* DOUBLE PRECISION (VAX D format 56 bits, IEEE DOUBLE 53 BITS)
* STATIC KERNEL FUNCTION OF SIN(X), COS(X), AND TAN(X)
* CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/21/85;
* REVISED BY K.C. NG on 8/13/85.
*
* sin(x*k) - x
* RETURN --------------- on [-PI/4,PI/4] , where k=pi/PI, PI is the rounded
* x
* value of pi in machine precision:
*
* Decimal:
* pi = 3.141592653589793 23846264338327 .....
* 53 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 115997963 ..... ,
* 56 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 227020265 ..... ,
*
* Hexadecimal:
* pi = 3.243F6A8885A308D313198A2E....
* 53 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A30 = 2 * 1.921FB54442D18
* 56 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A308 = 4 * .C90FDAA22168C2
*
* Method:
* 1. Let z=x*x. Create a polynomial approximation to
* (sin(k*x)-x)/x = z*(S0 + S1*z^1 + ... + S5*z^5).
* Then
* sin__S(x*x) = z*(S0 + S1*z^1 + ... + S5*z^5)
*
* The coefficient S's are obtained by a special Remez algorithm.
*
* Accuracy:
* In the absence of rounding error, the approximation has absolute error
* less than 2**(-61.11) for VAX D FORMAT, 2**(-57.45) for IEEE DOUBLE.
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
* The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
* from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
* shown.
*
*/
vc(S0, -1.6666666666666646660E-1 ,aaaa,bf2a,aa71,aaaa, -2, -.AAAAAAAAAAAA71)
vc(S1, 8.3333333333297230413E-3 ,8888,3d08,477f,8888, -6, .8888888888477F)
vc(S2, -1.9841269838362403710E-4 ,0d00,ba50,1057,cf8a, -12, -.D00D00CF8A1057)
vc(S3, 2.7557318019967078930E-6 ,ef1c,3738,bedc,a326, -18, .B8EF1CA326BEDC)
vc(S4, -2.5051841873876551398E-8 ,3195,b3d7,e1d3,374c, -25, -.D73195374CE1D3)
vc(S5, 1.6028995389845827653E-10 ,3d9c,3030,cccc,6d26, -32, .B03D9C6D26CCCC)
vc(S6, -6.2723499671769283121E-13 ,8d0b,ac30,ea82,7561, -40, -.B08D0B7561EA82)
ic(S0, -1.6666666666666463126E-1 , -3, -1.555555555550C)
ic(S1, 8.3333333332992771264E-3 , -7, 1.111111110C461)
ic(S2, -1.9841269816180999116E-4 , -13, -1.A01A019746345)
ic(S3, 2.7557309793219876880E-6 , -19, 1.71DE3209CDCD9)
ic(S4, -2.5050225177523807003E-8 , -26, -1.AE5C0E319A4EF)
ic(S5, 1.5868926979889205164E-10 , -33, 1.5CF61DF672B13)
#ifdef vccast
#define S0 vccast(S0)
#define S1 vccast(S1)
#define S2 vccast(S2)
#define S3 vccast(S3)
#define S4 vccast(S4)
#define S5 vccast(S5)
#define S6 vccast(S6)
#endif
#if defined(vax)||defined(tahoe)
# define sin__S(z) (z*(S0+z*(S1+z*(S2+z*(S3+z*(S4+z*(S5+z*S6)))))))
#else /* defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) */
# define sin__S(z) (z*(S0+z*(S1+z*(S2+z*(S3+z*(S4+z*S5))))))
#endif /* defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) */
/* cos__C(x*x) ... re-implemented as a macro
* DOUBLE PRECISION (VAX D FORMAT 56 BITS, IEEE DOUBLE 53 BITS)
* STATIC KERNEL FUNCTION OF SIN(X), COS(X), AND TAN(X)
* CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/21/85;
* REVISED BY K.C. NG on 8/13/85.
*
* x*x
* RETURN cos(k*x) - 1 + ----- on [-PI/4,PI/4], where k = pi/PI,
* 2
* PI is the rounded value of pi in machine precision :
*
* Decimal:
* pi = 3.141592653589793 23846264338327 .....
* 53 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 115997963 ..... ,
* 56 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 227020265 ..... ,
*
* Hexadecimal:
* pi = 3.243F6A8885A308D313198A2E....
* 53 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A30 = 2 * 1.921FB54442D18
* 56 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A308 = 4 * .C90FDAA22168C2
*
*
* Method:
* 1. Let z=x*x. Create a polynomial approximation to
* cos(k*x)-1+z/2 = z*z*(C0 + C1*z^1 + ... + C5*z^5)
* then
* cos__C(z) = z*z*(C0 + C1*z^1 + ... + C5*z^5)
*
* The coefficient C's are obtained by a special Remez algorithm.
*
* Accuracy:
* In the absence of rounding error, the approximation has absolute error
* less than 2**(-64) for VAX D FORMAT, 2**(-58.3) for IEEE DOUBLE.
*
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
* The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
* from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
* shown.
*/
vc(C0, 4.1666666666666504759E-2 ,aaaa,3e2a,a9f0,aaaa, -4, .AAAAAAAAAAA9F0)
vc(C1, -1.3888888888865302059E-3 ,0b60,bbb6,0cca,b60a, -9, -.B60B60B60A0CCA)
vc(C2, 2.4801587285601038265E-5 ,0d00,38d0,098f,cdcd, -15, .D00D00CDCD098F)
vc(C3, -2.7557313470902390219E-7 ,f27b,b593,e805,b593, -21, -.93F27BB593E805)
vc(C4, 2.0875623401082232009E-9 ,74c8,320f,3ff0,fa1e, -28, .8F74C8FA1E3FF0)
vc(C5, -1.1355178117642986178E-11 ,c32d,ae47,5a63,0a5c, -36, -.C7C32D0A5C5A63)
ic(C0, 4.1666666666666504759E-2 , -5, 1.555555555553E)
ic(C1, -1.3888888888865301516E-3 , -10, -1.6C16C16C14199)
ic(C2, 2.4801587269650015769E-5 , -16, 1.A01A01971CAEB)
ic(C3, -2.7557304623183959811E-7 , -22, -1.27E4F1314AD1A)
ic(C4, 2.0873958177697780076E-9 , -29, 1.1EE3B60DDDC8C)
ic(C5, -1.1250289076471311557E-11 , -37, -1.8BD5986B2A52E)
#ifdef vccast
#define C0 vccast(C0)
#define C1 vccast(C1)
#define C2 vccast(C2)
#define C3 vccast(C3)
#define C4 vccast(C4)
#define C5 vccast(C5)
#endif
#define cos__C(z) (z*z*(C0+z*(C1+z*(C2+z*(C3+z*(C4+z*C5))))))