diff --git a/Linux-0.01/binaries/sbin/update.Z b/Linux-0.01/binaries/sbin/update.Z new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e18ec7af Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/binaries/sbin/update.Z differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/binaries/usr.bin/grep-1.5.bin.tar.Z b/Linux-0.01/binaries/usr.bin/grep-1.5.bin.tar.Z new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a4bbf731 Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/binaries/usr.bin/grep-1.5.bin.tar.Z differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/docs/INSTALLATION b/Linux-0.01/docs/INSTALLATION new file mode 100644 index 00000000..760c04d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linux-0.01/docs/INSTALLATION @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ + + + Installing Linux on your system + +Ok, this is a short guide for those people who actually want to get a +running system, not just look at the pretty source code :-). You'll +certainly need minix for most of the steps. + + + 0. Back up any important software. This kernel has been +working beautifully on my machine for some time, and has never destroyed +anything on my hard-disk, but you never can be too careful when it comes +to using the disk directly. I'd hate to get flames like "you destroyed +my entire collection of Sam Fox nude gifs (all 103 of them), I'll hate +you forever", just because I may have done something wrong. + +Double-check your hardware. If you are using other than EGA/VGA, you'll +have to make the appropriate changes to 'linux/kernel/console.c', which +may not be easy. If you are able to use the at_wini.c under minix, +linux will probably also like your drive. If you feel comfortable with +scan-codes, you might want to hack 'linux/kernel/keyboard.s' making it +more practical for your [US|German|...] keyboard. + + + 1. Decide on what root device you'll be using. You can use any +(standard) partition on any of your harddisks, the numbering is the same +as for minix (ie 0x306, which I'm using, means partition 1 on hd2). It +is certainly possible to use the same device as for minix, but I +wouldn't recommend it. You'd have to change pathnames (or make a chroot +in init) to get minix and linux to live together peacefully. + +I'd recommend making a new filesystem, and filling it with the necessary +files: You need at least the following: + + - /dev/tty0 (same as under minix, ie mknod ...) + - /dev/tty (same as under minix) + - /bin/sh (link to bash) + - /bin/update (I guess this should be /etc/update ...) + +Note that linux and minix binaries aren't compatible, although they use +the same (gcc-)header (for ease of cross-compiling), so running one +under the other will result in errors. + + + 2. Compile the source, making necessary changes into the +makefiles and linux/include/linux/config.h and linux/boot/boot.s. I'm +using a slightly hacked gcc-1.40, to which I have added a -mstring-insns +flag, which uses the i386 string instructions for structure copy etc. +Removing the flag from all makefiles should do the trick for you. + +NOTE! I'm using -Wall, and I'm not seeing many warnings (2 I think, one +about _exit returning although it's volatile - it's ok.) If you get +more warnings when compiling, something's wrong. + + + 3. Copy the resultant code to a diskette of the right type. +Use 'cp Image /dev/PS0' or equivalent. + + + 4. Boot with the new diskette. If you've done everything right +(and if *I've* done everything right), you should now be running bash as +root. You can't do much (alias ls='echo *' is a good idea :-), but if +you do run, most other things should work. I'd be happy to hear from +anybody that has come this far - and I'll send any ported binaries you +might want (and I have). I'll also put them out for ftp if there is +enough interest. With gcc, make and uemacs, I've been able to stop +crosscompiling and actually compile natively under linux. (I also have +a term-emu, sz/rz, sed, etc ...) + +The boot-sequence should start with "Loading system...", and then a +"Partition table ok" followed by some root-dev info. If you forget to +make the /dev/tty0-character device, you'll never see anything but the +"loading" message. Hopefully errors will be told to the console, but if +there are problems at boot-up there is a distinct possibility that the +machine just hangs. + + + 5. Check the new filesystem regularly with (minix) fsck. I +haven't got any errors for some time now, but I cannot guarantee that +this means it will never happen. Due to slight differences in 'unlink', +fsck will report "mode inode XXX not cleared", but that isn't an error, +and you can safely ignore it (if you don't like it, do a fsck -a every +once in a while). Minix "restore" will not work on a file deleted with +linux - so be extra careful if you have a tendency to delete files you +don't really want to. + +Logging out from the "login-shell" will automatically do a sync, and +will leave you hanging without any processes (except update, which isn't +much fun), so do the "three-finger-salute" to restart dos/minix/linux or +whatever. + + + 6. Mail me and ask about problems/updates etc. Even more +welcome are success-reports (yeah, sure), and bugreports or even patches +(or pointers to corrections). + + +NOTE!!! I haven't included diffs with the binaries I've posted for the +simple reason that there aren't any - I've had this silly idea that I'd +rather change the OS than do a lot of porting. All source to the +binaries can be found on nic.funet.fi under /pub/gnu or /pub/unix. +Changes have been to makefiles or configuration files, and anybody +interested in them might want to contact me. Mostly it's been a matter +of adding a -DUSG to makefiles. + +The one exception if gcc - I've made some hacks on it (string-insns), +and have got it (with the gracious help of Bruce Evans) to correctly +emit software floating point. I haven't got diffs to that one either, as +my hard-disk is overflowing and I cannot accomodate both originals and +changes, but as per the GNU copyleft I'll make them available if +someone wants them. I hope nobody want's them :-) + + + Linus torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi diff --git a/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.dvi b/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.dvi new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a916a53 Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.dvi differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.pdf b/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3fd6750b Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.pdf differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.ps b/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.ps new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c32e17ba --- /dev/null +++ b/Linux-0.01/docs/Linux.ps @@ -0,0 +1,2976 @@ +%! +/TeXDict 200 dict def +TeXDict begin +/Mtrx matrix def +/@start { +/StartTime usertime def +vmstatus pop /@VMused exch def pop +72 720 translate +} def +/@letter { /letter where { pop letter 72 720 translate } if } def +/@legal { /legal where { pop legal 72 936 translate } if } def +/@note { /note where { pop note 72 720 translate } if } def +/@a4 { /a4 where { pop a4 72 765 translate } if } def +/@landscape { [ 0 1 -1 0 0 0 ] concat 72 -72 translate } def +/@manualfeed { /manualfeed where { /manualfeed true put } if } def +/@duplex { /setduplexmode where { /setduplexmode true put } if } def +/@copies { /#copies exch def } def +/@startdoc { +dup +72 exch div dup neg scale +0 0 transform round exch round exch itransform translate +Mtrx currentmatrix pop +currentdict /isoddpage known +{ /SecondMtrx matrix def +8.5 exch mul 0 translate +SecondMtrx currentmatrix pop +}{ +pop +} ifelse +/@TeXSave save def +} def +/@restore /restore load def +/restore { +vmstatus pop +dup @VMused lt {pop @VMused} if +exch pop exch @restore /@VMused exch def +} bind def +/@pri { ( ) print +( ) cvs print +}def +/@newfont { +/newname exch def +newname 7 dict def +newname load begin +/FontType 3 def +dup neg matrix scale /FontMatrix exch def +/FontBBox [0 0 1 1] def +/BitMaps 256 array def +/BuildChar {CharBuilder} def +/Encoding 256 array def +0 1 255 {Encoding exch /.undef put} for +end +newname newname load definefont pop +} bind def +/ch-image {ch-data 0 get} bind def +/ch-width {ch-data 1 get} bind def +/ch-height {ch-data 2 get} bind def +/ch-xoff {ch-data 3 get} bind def +/ch-yoff {ch-data 4 get} bind def +/ch-tfmw {ch-data 5 get} bind def +/CharBuilder +{ exch /BitMaps get exch get /ch-data exch def +ch-data null ne { +ch-tfmw 0 ch-xoff neg ch-yoff neg +ch-width ch-xoff sub ch-height ch-yoff sub +setcachedevice +ch-width ch-height true [1 0 0 1 ch-xoff ch-yoff] {ch-image} +imagemask +} if +} bind def +/@dc{ +/ch-code exch def +dup 0 get +length 2 lt +{ pop [ <00> 1 1 0 0 8.00 ] } +if +/ch-data exch def +currentfont /BitMaps get ch-code ch-data put +currentfont /Encoding get ch-code dup ( ) cvs cvn put +} bind def +/@pc { +pop +/ch-data exch def +currentpoint translate +ch-width ch-height true [1 0 0 -1 ch-xoff ch-yoff ] {ch-image} +imagemask +} bind def +/@sf { setfont } def +/@flushfonts { @TeXSave restore /@TeXSave save def} def +/@bop0 { pop } bind def +/@bop1 { pop Mtrx setmatrix /SaveImage save def } def +/@eop { showpage SaveImage restore } def +/p { moveto } bind def +/r { 0 rmoveto } bind def +/s { show pop } bind def +/ks { +2 1 counttomark 2 sub { -1 roll } for +counttomark 2 idiv { +show 0 rmoveto +} repeat +show +pop +} bind def +/m { mark } bind def +/ru { +/dy exch 1 sub neg def +/dx exch 1 sub def +gsave +currentpoint +newpath moveto +dx 0 rlineto +0 dy rlineto +dx neg 0 rlineto +closepath fill +grestore +} bind def +/@end { +(Time used: ) print usertime StartTime sub @pri +(VM used: ) print @VMused @pri +(. Unused: ) print vmstatus @VMused sub @pri pop pop +(\n) print flush +end +} def +/DraftFirst { gsave initmatrix newpath +/Helvetica-Bold findfont setfont +(Draft) dup stringwidth pop 8.875 exch div dup 72 mul dup scale +52.3 rotate 2.5 exch div -.35 translate +0.95 setgray +0 0 moveto show +grestore +} bind def +/DraftMore { gsave initmatrix newpath +/Helvetica-Bold findfont 72 scalefont setfont +0.95 setgray +576 702 moveto +(Draft) stringwidth exch neg exch neg rmoveto +(Draft) show +grestore +} bind def +/@draft { +/@bop1 { 1 le {DraftFirst} {DraftMore} ifelse +Mtrx setmatrix +/SaveImage save def +} bind def +} bind def +/@twoup { +initmatrix [ 0 1 -1 0 0 0 ] concat +36 -87 translate 5.5 8.5 div dup scale +/isoddpage true def +/@eop { isoddpage not {showpage} if +SaveImage restore +/isoddpage isoddpage not def +} def +/@bop1 { pop +isoddpage +{ SecondMtrx setmatrix } +{ Mtrx setmatrix } +ifelse +/SaveImage save def +} def +/@end { isoddpage not { showpage } if +end +} def +} def +/@beginspecial +{ SpecialDict begin +gsave /SpecialSave save def +currentpoint transform initgraphics itransform translate 0 0 moveto +SpecialDefaults +IfMacSetUp +} def +/@setspecial +{ +hof vof translate setclipper +hsc vsc scale +angl rotate +} def +/@endspecial +{ SpecialSave restore +grestore end +} def +/@beginfullpage { +gsave /SpecialSave save def +SpecialDict begin +/showpage {} def +initgraphics +} def +/@endfullpage { +clear end SpecialSave restore grestore showpage +} def +/SpecialDict 50 dict def +SpecialDict begin +/Inch { 72 mul} bind def +/SpecialDefaults +{ /hsi 8.5 Inch def +/vsi 11 Inch def +/hof 0 def +/vof 0 def +/hsc 1 def +/vsc 1 def +/angl 0 def +/CLIP false def +} def +/@hsize {/hsi exch def /CLIP true def} def +/@vsize {/vsi exch def /CLIP true def} def +/@hoffset {/hof exch def} def +/@voffset {/vof exch def} def +/@hscale {/hsc exch def} def +/@vscale {/vsc exch def} def +/@rotate {/angl exch def} def +/setclipper +{ +CLIP +{ newpath 0 0 moveto hsi 0 rlineto 0 vsi rlineto hsi neg 0 rlineto +closepath clip } +if +} def +end +/IfMacSetUp +{ userdict /md known +{ userdict /md get type /dicttype eq +{ md begin +/txpose{ +1 -1 scale +} bind def +/cp {pop pop} bind def +end } +if } +if +} def +end +/TeXDict where +{/TeXDict get begin} +{ (Need to load basic TeXDict first\n) print +currentfile flushfile} +ifelse +/@texmakefont { +/TeXsize exch def +[ TeXsize 0 0 TeXsize neg 0 0 ] makefont +def +} bind def +/@ps2texfont { +dup FontDirectory exch known +{ exch pop findfont } +{ ReEncodeForTeX } +ifelse +exch @texmakefont +} bind def +/ReEncodeForTeX +{ /newfontname exch def +/basefontname exch def +/TeXstr 30 string def +/basefontdict basefontname findfont def +/newfont basefontdict maxlength dict def +basefontdict +{ exch dup /FID ne +{ dup /Encoding eq +{ exch dup length array copy +newfont 3 1 roll put } +{ exch newfont 3 1 roll put } +ifelse +} +{ pop pop } +ifelse +} forall +basefontdict /MathFontName known not +{ +/TeXvec +basefontname TeXstr cvs (Courier) search +{ pop pop pop TeXcourvec } +{ pop TeXnormalvec } +ifelse +def +TeXvec aload pop +TeXvec length 2 idiv +{ newfont /Encoding get 3 1 roll put } +repeat +} +if +newfontname newfont definefont +} bind def +/TeXnormalvec +[ 8#014 /fi 8#015 /fl 8#020 /dotlessi 8#022 /grave 8#023 /acute +8#024 /caron 8#025 /breve 8#026 /macron 8#027 /ring 8#030 /cedilla +8#031 /germandbls 8#032 /ae 8#033 /oe 8#034 /oslash 8#035 /AE +8#036 /OE 8#037 /Oslash 8#042 /quotedblright 8#074 /exclamdown +8#076 /questiondown 8#134 /quotedblleft 8#136 /circumflex +8#137 /dotaccent 8#173 /endash 8#174 /emdash 8#175 /hungarumlat +8#176 /tilde 8#177 /dieresis ] def +/TeXcourvec +[ 8#016 /exclamdown 8#017 /questiondown 8#020 /dotlessi 8#022 /grave +8#023 /acute 8#024 /caron 8#025 /breve 8#026 /macron 8#027 /ring +8#030 /cedilla 8#031 /germandbls 8#032 /ae 8#033 /oe 8#034 /oslash +8#035 /AE 8#036 /OE 8#037 /Oslash 8#074 /less 8#076 /greater +8#134 /backslash 8#136 /circumflex 8#137 /underscore 8#173 /braceleft +8#174 /bar 8#175 /braceright 8#177 /dieresis ] def +/ObliqueFont { +/ObliqueAngle exch def +/ObliqueBaseName exch def +/ObliqueFontName exch def +/ObliqueTransform [1 0 ObliqueAngle sin ObliqueAngle cos div 1 0 0] def +/basefontdict ObliqueBaseName findfont ObliqueTransform makefont def +/newfont basefontdict maxlength dict def +basefontdict +{ exch dup /FID ne +{ dup /Encoding eq +{ exch dup length array copy +newfont 3 1 roll put } +{ exch newfont 3 1 roll put } +ifelse +} +{ pop pop } +ifelse +} forall +newfont /FontName ObliqueFontName put +ObliqueFontName newfont definefont pop +} bind def +/SmallCapsFont { +/SmallCapsBaseName exch def +/SmallCapsFontName exch def +/basefontdict SmallCapsBaseName findfont def +/newfont basefontdict maxlength 10 add dict def +newfont begin +/FontName SmallCapsFontName def +/FontBaseDict basefontdict 1000 scalefont def +/FontSCDict FontBaseDict .8 scalefont def +/FontType 3 def +/BuildChar {SmallCapChar} def +/FontMatrix dup basefontdict exch get def +/FontBBox dup basefontdict exch get def +/Encoding dup basefontdict exch get def +end +SmallCapsFontName newfont definefont pop +} bind def +/SmallCapChar { +/achar (A) def +achar exch 0 exch put +begin +achar 0 get dup 97 ge exch 122 le and { +achar 0 achar 0 get 32 sub put +FontSCDict +} { +FontBaseDict +} ifelse +setfont achar stringwidth FontBBox setcachedevice +newpath 0 0 moveto achar show +end +} bind def +/MathEncodingVec [ +/Gamma /Delta /Theta /Lambda /Xi /Pi /Sigma /Upsilon1 +/Phi /Psi /Omega /alpha /beta /gamma /delta /epsilon +/zeta /nu /theta /iota /kappa /lambda /mu /nu +/xi /pi /rho /sigma /tau /upsilon /phi /chi +/psi /omega /epsilon /theta1 /omega1 /rho /sigma /phi1 +/arrowleft /arrowleft /arrowright /arrowright +/suchthat /congruent /proportional /angle +/zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven +/eight /nine /period /comma /less /slash /greater /asteriskmath +/partialdiff /A /B /C /D /E /F /G +/H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O +/P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W +/X /Y /Z /registerserif /copyrightserif /trademarkserif /logicalor /logicaland +/section /a /b /c /d /e /f /g +/h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o +/p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w +/x /y /z /dotlessi /j /weierstrass /macron /breve +] def +/MathCharVec [ +71 68 81 76 88 80 83 161 +70 89 87 97 98 103 100 101 +122 110 113 105 107 108 109 110 +120 112 114 115 116 117 102 99 +121 119 101 74 118 114 115 106 +172 172 174 174 39 64 181 208 +48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 +56 57 46 44 60 47 62 42 +182 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 +72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 +80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 +88 89 90 210 211 212 218 217 +167 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 +104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 +112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 +120 121 122 245 106 195 197 198 +] def +/MathDictVec [ +1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 +0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 +2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 +2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 +] def +/MathOblique { +3 copy ObliqueFont +pop pop MathFont +} bind def +/MathFont { +/MathSymName exch def +/MathBaseName exch def +/MathFontName exch def +/basefontdict MathBaseName findfont def +/newfont basefontdict maxlength 10 add dict def +newfont begin +/FontName MathFontName def +/FontDictArray [ +basefontdict 1000 scalefont +MathSymName findfont 950 scalefont +/Symbol findfont 950 scalefont +] def +/FontType 3 def +/BuildChar {MathFontChar} def +/FontMatrix dup basefontdict exch get def +/FontBBox dup basefontdict exch get def +/Encoding dup basefontdict exch get dup length array copy def +/WhichFont MathDictVec def +/WhichChar MathCharVec def +MathEncodingVec Encoding copy pop +/achar (A) def +end +MathFontName newfont definefont pop +} bind def +/MathFontChar { +exch begin +achar exch 0 exch put +FontDictArray WhichFont achar 0 get get get setfont +achar dup 0 get WhichChar exch get 0 exch put +achar stringwidth FontBBox setcachedevice +newpath 0 0 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1802 p m (README,) 21 (RELNOTES-0.) -1 (01,) 20 (INSTALLATI) -1 (ON) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (|a) -1 (scii) 7 (\014les) 10 (con) 0 (taining) 7 +(some) 9 (\(some-) ks +365 1851 p m (what) 14 (out-of-date\)) 14 (inform) -1 (ation) 11 (ab) 1 +(out) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +14 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) s +324 1934 p m (The) 15 (absolute) 16 (mini) -1 (m) -2 (um) 12 +(needed) 16 (to) 15 (get) 16 (a) 15 (system) 15 (going) 14 +(is) 15 (the) 16 (OS) 15 (source) 17 (and) ks +262 1984 p m (the) 12 (bash) 11 (and) 12 (up) 1 (date) 12 +(binaries.) 17 (Y) -2 (ou) 10 (w) 0 (on't) 10 (b) 1 +(e) 12 (doing) 11 (m) -1 (uc) 0 (h) 9 (with) 11 +(just) 12 (these) 13 (though.) ks +cmbx10.432 @sf +262 2121 p save +[ 27 39 -3 0 34] 50 @pc restore +365 2121 p m (Inst) s + save +[<03FE07FC1FFF8FFC3FC3DFFC7F00FFC0FF007F80FE007F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F807F003F + 807F803F803FC03F801FE03F8007FE3F8001FFFF80001FFF8000003F8000003F801F803F803FC0 + 3F803FC03F803FC07F003FC07F003FC0FE001F81FC000FFFF00003FFC000> 30 27 -2 0 33] 97 @pc restore +33 r m (ll) s + save +[<03FE07FC1FFF8FFC3FC3DFFC7F00FFC0FF007F80FE007F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F807F003F + 807F803F803FC03F801FE03F8007FE3F8001FFFF80001FFF8000003F8000003F801F803F803FC0 + 3F803FC03F803FC07F003FC07F003FC0FE001F81FC000FFFF00003FFC000> 30 27 -2 0 33] 97 @pc restore +33 r m (tion) s +cmr10.300 @sf +262 2212 p m (After) 11 (y) 0 (ou) 10 (ha) 0 (v) -1 +(e) 10 (gotten) 11 (the) 12 (necessary) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +14 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +12 r m (\014les,) 12 (y) 0 (ou) 9 (need) 12 (to) 11 +(compile) 10 (the) 12 (system) ks +262 2262 p m (and) 15 (mak) -1 (e) 14 (a) 16 (ro) 1 +(ot) 16 (directory) -2 (.) 23 (The) 16 (necessary) 18 (binaries) 16 +(need) 17 (to) 15 (b) 1 (e) 17 (put) 16 (in) 15 +(the) 17 (ro) 1 (ot) ks +262 2312 p m (\014le) 13 (system.) 18 (Do) 14 (this:) ks +312 2395 p m (1.) s +365 2395 p m (Bac) 0 (k) 13 (up) 13 (y) 0 (our) 12 +(soft) 0 (w) 0 (are.) 16 (While) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +12 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +15 r m (nev) 0 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m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +18 r m (ro) 1 (ot) ks +365 357 p m (\014le) 14 (system.) ks +312 440 p m (3.) s +365 440 p m (Mak) 0 (e) 14 (the) 16 (necessary) 17 (device) 16 +(no) 1 (des) 16 (on) 15 (the) 16 (new) 16 (ro) 1 +(ot.) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +22 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +16 r m (uses) 17 (the) 15 (same) ks +365 490 p m (t) 0 (yp) 1 (e) 17 (of) 17 (no) 1 +(des) 18 (as) 17 (Minix,) 17 (so) 18 (use) 18 (the) 18 +(Minix) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +16 r m (mknod) s +cmr10.300 @sf +16 r m (command) 15 (to) 17 (mak) -1 (e) 16 (the) ks +365 540 p m (follo) -1 (wing) 12 (devices:) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 623 p m (\017) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 623 p m (/dev/tty) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 689 p m (\017) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 689 p m (/dev/tty[0-) -1 (2]) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 755 p m (\017) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 755 p m (/dev/hd[0-9) -1 (]) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +365 839 p m (No) 1 (de) 15 (n) 0 (um) -2 (b) 1 +(ers) 13 (are) 15 (the) 14 (same) 13 (as) 14 (in) 13 +(Minix.) ks +312 922 p m (4.) s 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(on) 0 (ten) 0 (ts) 13 (of) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +13 r m (utilbin.tar.Z) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 1378 p m (\017) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 1378 p m (/usr/includ) -1 (e:) ks +cmbx10.300 @sf +490 1445 p m ({) s +cmr10.300 @sf +534 1445 p save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +30 r m (on) 0 (ten) 0 (ts) 13 (of) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +13 r m (include.tar.Z) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 1511 p m (\017) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 1511 p m (/usr/local/) -1 (lib:) ks +cmbx10.300 @sf +490 1577 p m ({) s +cmr10.300 @sf +534 1577 p save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +30 r m (on) 0 (ten) 0 (ts) 13 (of) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +13 r m (gccbin.tar.Z) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) 11 (excepting) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m (gcc) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 1644 p m (\017) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 1644 p m (/usr/local/) -1 (bin:) ks +cmbx10.300 @sf +490 1710 p m ({) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +534 1710 p m (gcc) s +cmbx10.300 @sf +490 1768 p m ({) s +cmr10.300 @sf +534 1768 p m (links) 11 (to) 12 (\014les) 11 (in) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +12 r m (/usr/local/) -1 (lib) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +9 r m (of) 11 (y) 0 (our) 11 (c) 0 (hoice.) 16 +(I) 12 (link) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +10 r m (ld) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +11 r m (as) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +11 r m (nm) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +534 1818 p m (strip) s +cmr10.300 @sf +8 r m (and) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +10 r m (size) s +cmr10.300 @sf +8 r m (to) 9 (their) 10 (coun) 0 (terparts) 10 (in) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +8 r m (/usr/local/lib) -1 (/gcc-) -1 (XXX) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 1885 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +457 1885 p m (Edit) 12 (the) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +12 r m (linux/include/) -1 (linux) -1 (/conf) -1 (ig.h) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +10 r m (\014le) 12 (for) 12 (y) 0 (our) 10 (system.) 18 +(This) ks +457 1934 p m (\014le) 20 (con) 0 (tains) 20 (the) 22 (system-sp) 1 +(eci\014c) 21 (information:) 29 (memory) 19 (space,) 23 (disk) ks +457 1984 p m (t) 0 (yp) 1 (es,) 13 (ro) 1 (ot) 13 +(partition) 13 (n) 0 (um) -2 (b) 1 (er) 12 (\(again) 13 +(the) 14 (n) 0 (um) -2 (b) 1 (ering) 12 (is) 13 +(the) 14 (same) 13 (as) 13 (in) ks +457 2034 p m (Minix\),) 12 (k) 0 (eyb) 1 (oard) 13 (t) 0 +(yp) 1 (e) 14 (\(curren) 0 (tly) 14 (just) 14 (US) 14 +(and) ks +13 r save +[ 22 28 -2 0 27] 70 @pc restore +27 r m (innish\)) 14 (etc.) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 2100 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +457 2100 p save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +30 r m (ompil) -1 (e) 11 (the) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +12 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +14 r m (sources.) 19 (A) 12 (simple) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +11 r m (make) s +cmr10.300 @sf +11 r m (should) 12 (do) 12 (the) 12 (tric) 0 (k,) 11 +(after) ks +457 2150 p m (y) 0 (ou) 12 (ha) 0 (v) 0 (e) 12 +(edited) 15 (the) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m (makefile) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (s) 13 (to) 14 (suit) 15 (y) 0 (our) 13 +(system) 14 (\(ie,) 14 (remo) -1 (v) -1 (ed) 13 (the) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 2200 p m (-mstring-in) -1 (sns) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +14 r save +[<7FCFF87FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 + 0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (ag) 15 (and) 16 (c) 0 (hanged) 16 (the) 16 +(paths) 17 (to) 15 (suit) 16 (y) 0 (ou.\)) 24 (Users) 17 +(of) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +457 2250 p m (gcc) s +cmr10.300 @sf +15 r m (v) 0 (ersions) 16 (earlier) 17 (than) 16 (1.40) 15 +(will) 15 (probably) 16 (ha) 0 (v) -1 (e) 15 (to) 16 +(add) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +17 r m (gnulib) s +cmr10.300 @sf +15 r m (to) s +457 2300 p m (the) 14 (`) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +m (LIBS) 21 (=) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m ('-line) 12 (in) 14 (the) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (makefile) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +415 2366 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +457 2366 p save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +30 r m (op) 0 (y) 11 (the) 13 (resultan) 0 (t) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +13 r m (Image) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (-\014le) 11 (to) 13 (a) ks +12 r save 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(should) 13 (tell) 12 (y) 0 (ou) 12 (that) ks +457 357 p m (the) 16 (system) 15 (is) 16 (b) 1 (o) 1 +(oting) 15 (\() ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +m (Loading) 20 (system) 21 (...) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (\),) 15 (then) 16 (some) 15 (vital) 15 (ro) 1 +(ot) ks +457 407 p m (\014le) 9 (system) 9 (information) 7 (\() ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +m (xxx/XXX) 21 (inodes/blo) -1 (cks) 20 (free) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (\),) 9 (follo) -1 (w) -1 (ed) 8 (b) 0 +(y) ks +457 457 p m (a) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (Ok.) s +cmr10.300 @sf +19 r m (and) 14 (the) 15 (bash) 15 (prompt) 13 (\(initially) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +12 r m (bash) s + save +[<1C38001C38001C38001C38001C38001C38007FFFC0FFFFE0FFFFE00E1C000E1C000E1C000F1E00 + 0F1E00070E00070E00FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC0038700038700038700038700038700038700> 19 25 -1 0 22] 35 @pc restore +cmr10.300 @sf +35 r m (if) 14 (y) 0 (ou) 13 (ha) 0 (v) -1 +(e) 13 (no) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (.bashrc) s +cmr10.300 @sf +457 506 p m (\014le\).) s +365 588 p m (Hop) 1 (efully) 11 (y) 0 (ou) 9 (no) 0 +(w) 10 (ha) 0 (v) 0 (e) 9 (a) 11 (functioning) 10 +(unix,) 11 (and) 11 (y) 0 (ou) 10 (are) 11 (logged) 11 +(in) 11 (as) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +11 r m (root) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) s +cmcsc10.300 @sf +365 638 p m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +17 r m (curren) 0 (tly) 15 (has) 16 (no) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m ('init') s +cmr10.300 @sf +14 r m (pro) 1 (cess,) 17 (and) 15 (as) 16 (so) 1 +(on) 15 (as) 16 (y) 0 (ou) 13 (log) 15 (out,) 15 +(the) ks +365 688 p m (system) 13 (will) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +10 r m (sync) s +cmr10.300 @sf +12 r m (and) 12 (just) 13 (w) 0 (ait.) 16 (Use) 13 +(the) 13 (three-\014nger-salute) 14 (to) 13 (reb) 1 (o) 1 (ot) 13 +(y) 0 (our) ks +365 737 p m (mac) 0 (hine.) ks +cmbx10.432 @sf +262 874 p save +[<00FFC00007FFF8001FFFFC003F81FF007F00FF807F807F80FFC07FC0FFC03FC0FFC03FE0FFC03F + E0FFC03FE07F803FE07F803FE01E003FE000003FE000003FC000007FC000007F800000FF000001 + FE0000FFF80000FFC0000007F0000003FC000001FE000000FF000F80FF001FC0FF803FE07F803F + E07F803FE07F803FE07F803FE07F803FC0FF001F80FF000FC1FE0007FFFC0003FFF000007FC000> 27 39 -3 0 34] 51 @pc restore +365 874 p save +[<00FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007F + C0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC00000 + 00007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007F + C0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC00000E0007FC000E0 + E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0F0007FC001E0F0007FC001E070007F + C001C078007FC003C078007FC003C07C007FC007C07F807FC03FC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC0 + 7FFFFFFFFFC0> 43 40 -2 0 48] 84 @pc restore +48 r save +[ 33 42 -3 0 38] 104 @pc restore +38 r m (in) s + save +[<00FFF80007FFFF001FE03FC03F0007E07E0003F0FC0001F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8F80001 + F87C0001F87E000FF83FFFFFF007FFFFF00FFFFFE01FFFFFC03FFFFF003FFFFC003E0000003C00 + 00003C0000003800000018FF80001FFFF0000FE3F8001F80FC003F80FE003F007E007F007F007F + 007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F007E783F80FE7C1F80FCFC0FE3FF7C07FFF7FC + 00FF81F0> 30 40 -2 13 34] 103 @pc restore +34 r m (s) s +22 r save +[ 53 27 -3 0 58] 109 @pc restore +58 r m (issin) s + save +[<00FFF80007FFFF001FE03FC03F0007E07E0003F0FC0001F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8F80001 + F87C0001F87E000FF83FFFFFF007FFFFF00FFFFFE01FFFFFC03FFFFF003FFFFC003E0000003C00 + 00003C0000003800000018FF80001FFFF0000FE3F8001F80FC003F80FE003F007E007F007F007F + 007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F007E783F80FE7C1F80FCFC0FE3FF7C07FFF7FC + 00FF81F0> 30 40 -2 13 34] 103 @pc restore +34 r save +[ 25 60 -4 15 34] 47 @pc restore +34 r m (inco) s + save +[ 53 27 -3 0 58] 109 @pc restore +57 r save +[ 33 39 -2 12 38] 112 @pc restore +38 r m (l) s + save +[<003FF80001FFFE0003F81F800FE007C01FC001C03F8001E03F8000E07F8000007F000000FF0000 + 00FF000000FF000000FF000000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E07F0007E07F00 + 0FC03F800FC03F800FC01FC01F800FE03F0007F07E0001FFFC00003FE000> 27 27 -2 0 32] 101 @pc restore +31 r m (t) s + save +[<003FF80001FFFE0003F81F800FE007C01FC001C03F8001E03F8000E07F8000007F000000FF0000 + 00FF000000FF000000FF000000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E07F0007E07F00 + 0FC03F800FC03F800FC01FC01F800FE03F0007F07E0001FFFC00003FE000> 27 27 -2 0 32] 101 @pc restore +52 r m (in) s +cmcsc10.432 @sf +23 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +262 965 p m (While) s +cmcsc10.300 @sf +11 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +13 r m (is) 12 (mean) 0 (t) 10 (to) 13 (b) 1 +(e) 12 (a) 12 (fully) 11 (selfsu\016cien) 0 (t) 12 (k) 0 +(ernel,) 11 (this) 13 (is) 12 (curren) 0 (tly) 12 (not) 12 +(the) ks +262 1015 p m (case.) 18 (As) 15 (already) 13 (men) 0 (tioned,) 11 +(y) 0 (ou) 13 (need) 15 (Minix) 12 (to) 14 (set) 15 +(things) 13 (up,) 14 (and) 14 (to) 13 (c) 0 (hec) 0 +(k) 13 (the) ks +262 1065 p m (\014le) 13 (system) 14 (once) 15 (it's) 13 (running.) 18 +(There) 15 (are) 14 (a) 14 (n) 0 (um) -2 (b) 1 +(er) 13 (of) 13 (other) 15 (de\014ciencies:) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 1145 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 1145 p m (Incomplete) 17 (hardw) 0 (are-supp) 1 (ort.) 30 (Some) 17 +(of) 17 (the) 18 (standard) 18 (features) 19 (of) 17 (an) 18 +(A) -2 (T) ks +365 1195 p m (are) 14 (not) 13 (curren) 0 (tly) 14 (supp) 1 +(orted.) 19 (Most) 13 (notably) 13 (are) ks +14 r save +[<7FCFF87FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 + 0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (opp) 0 (y) 12 (disk) 13 (driv) 0 (es,) 12 +(making) ks +365 1244 p m (using) s +cmcsc10.300 @sf +16 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +17 r m (for) 16 (real) 16 (w) 0 (ork) 15 (\(bac) 0 +(king) 14 (up) 16 (etc\)) 17 (curren) 0 (tly) 16 (not) 16 +(p) 1 (ossible.) 25 (Also) ks +365 1294 p m (some) 11 (of) 12 (the) 13 (features) 13 (of) 11 +(the) 13 (serial) 12 (lines) 12 (aren't) 12 (y) 0 (et) 11 +(implem) -1 (en) 0 (ted) 10 (\(hard-wired) ks +365 1344 p m (to) 14 (2400bps,) 13 (no) 14 (hang-up) 13 (noti\014cation) 13 +(etc\).) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 1425 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 1425 p m (Incomplete) 18 (standard) ks +19 r save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +49 r m (library) -2 (.) 30 (The) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +19 r m (libc.a) s +cmr10.300 @sf +18 r m (found) 18 (in) 18 (the) 19 (gcc) 20 (distribu-) ks +365 1475 p m (tion) 15 (pac) 0 (k) -2 (age) 13 (is) 15 +(not) 14 (complete,) 14 (and) 15 (I'm) 13 (v) 0 (ery) 14 +(m) 0 (uc) -1 (h) 13 (in) 0 (terested) 15 (in) 15 +(freely) 15 (dis-) ks +365 1525 p m (tributable) 14 (library) 13 (functions.) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 1607 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 1607 p m (Some) 11 (of) 12 (the) 13 (system) 12 (calls) 12 +(are) 13 (not) 13 (fully) 11 (impl) -1 (em) -1 (en) 0 +(ted.) 16 (This) 12 (concerns) 14 (mostly) ks +365 1656 p m (\\seldom-used") 14 (features) 15 (lik) 0 (e) 13 (debugging) 14 +(\(y) 0 (eah,) 13 (who) 14 (needs) 16 (it) 14 (an) 0 +(yw) -1 (a) -1 (y) -4 (,) 12 (don't) ks +365 1706 p m (all) 13 (y) 0 (our) 13 (programs) 12 (w) 0 +(ork) 13 (the) 14 (\014rst) 15 (time) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +13 r m (:-\)) s +cmr10.300 @sf +13 r m (and) 13 (some) 13 (other) 15 (features.) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 1788 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 1788 p m (As) 16 (men) 0 (tio) -1 (ned,) 14 (no) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m (login) s +cmr10.300 @sf +14 r m (and) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m (init) s +cmr10.300 @sf +14 r m (pro) 1 (cesse) 1 (s.) ks +24 r save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +30 r m (urren) 0 (tly) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +15 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +16 r m (b) 1 (o) 1 (ots) 15 (up) ks +365 1838 p m (in) 11 (single-user) 11 (mo) 1 (de,) 10 (with) 11 +(the) 11 (ro) 1 (ot) 11 (as) 11 (console-user.) 18 (This) 11 +(is) 11 (enough) 11 (for) 10 (some) ks +365 1887 p m (p) 1 (orting) 14 (w) 0 (ork,) 12 (but) 14 +(not) 14 (really) 13 (practical.) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 1969 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 1969 p m (38) s + save +[<07800007800007800007800007800007800007800007800003800003800003800003C00001C000 + 01C00000C00000E000006000007000003000003800C01C00C00E00C006006007007FFF807FFF80 + 7FFF80600000> 17 28 -2 0 21] 55 @pc restore +21 r m (-supp) 1 (ort) 15 (is) 14 (not) 14 (y) 0 +(et) 14 (implem) -1 (en) -1 (ted,) 13 (although) 14 (some) 13 +(sk) 0 (eleton) 14 (routines) 15 (are) ks +365 2019 p m (presen) 0 (t.) 18 (The) 13 (gcc-binary) 12 (found) 12 +(on) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +12 r m (`nic.funet.) -1 (fi') ks +cmr10.300 @sf +10 r m (will) 11 (correctly) 13 (use) 13 (soft-) ks +365 2069 p save +[<7FCFF87FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 + 0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (oat) 12 (\(ie) 12 (em) 0 (ula) -1 (tion) 10 +(function) 12 (calls\)) 12 (for) 11 (the) 13 (four) 12 (basic) 12 +(math) 11 (op) 1 (erations.) 18 (38) ks + save +[<07800007800007800007800007800007800007800007800003800003800003800003C00001C000 + 01C00000C00000E000006000007000003000003800C01C00C00E00C006006007007FFF807FFF80 + 7FFF80600000> 17 28 -2 0 21] 55 @pc restore +21 r m (-) s +365 2118 p m (supp) 1 (ort) 15 (will) 12 (materialize) 12 (as) 14 +(so) 1 (on) 14 (as) 14 (a) 13 (38) ks + save +[<07800007800007800007800007800007800007800007800003800003800003800003C00001C000 + 01C00000C00000E000006000007000003000003800C01C00C00E00C006006007007FFF807FFF80 + 7FFF80600000> 17 28 -2 0 21] 55 @pc restore +34 r m (\014nds) 14 (its) 14 (w) 0 (a) 0 (y) 11 +(in) 0 (to) 12 (m) 0 (y) 11 (computer.) ks +365 2168 p m (Hop) 1 (efully) 13 (in) 14 (a) 13 (mon) 0 +(th) 12 (or) 14 (t) 0 (w) -1 (o.) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 2250 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2250 p m (None) 22 (of) 20 (the) 21 (imp) 1 (ortan) 0 +(t) 19 (system-admi) -1 (nistration) 19 (comm) -1 (ands) 19 (has) 21 +(y) 0 (et) 20 (b) 1 (een) ks +365 2300 p m (written) 16 (for) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +15 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) 24 (These) 16 (include) 15 (things) 16 (lik) -1 +(e) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (mkfs) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (format) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (fsck) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m (mknod) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2349 p m (etc.) 34 (Some) 18 (of) 18 (these) 20 (need) 20 +(k) 0 (ernel) 18 (features) 20 (not) 19 (y) 0 (et) 18 +(impl) -1 (em) -1 (en) 0 (ted) 17 (\() ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +m (format) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +365 2399 p m (mknod) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (\),) 16 (some) 16 (just) 17 (need) 18 (to) 16 +(b) 1 (e) 18 (written.) 27 (As) 17 (with) 16 (the) 18 +(library) -3 (,) 15 (I'd) 17 (w) 0 (elcom) -1 (e) ks +365 2449 p m (an) 0 (y) 13 (freely) 14 (distributable) 14 (\014les.) ks +967 2574 p m (5) s +@eop +6 @bop0 +cmbx12.300 @sf +[ 12 35 -1 0 15] 108 @dc +6 @bop1 +cmr10.300 @sf +324 307 p m (As) 14 (y) 0 (ou) 12 (can) 14 (see,) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +14 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +15 r m (is) 14 (as) 13 (y) 0 (et) 13 (not) 14 +(a) 13 (complete) 13 (system.) 18 (Y) -2 (our) 12 (help) 14 +(is) 13 (appre-) ks +262 357 p m (ciated) 16 (to) 16 (mak) -1 (e) 14 (it) 16 +(b) 1 (etter.) 25 (I'm) 14 (not) 16 (in) 0 (terested) 17 +(in) 15 (Minix-comm) -1 (a) -1 (nds) 15 (rewritten) 17 (for) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +262 407 p m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) 16 (unless) 15 (y) 0 (ou) 14 (ha) 0 +(v) -1 (e) 14 (written) 15 (them) 14 (y) 0 (ourself) 14 +(from) 13 (scratc) 0 (h.) 22 (Y) -2 (ou) 13 (are) 16 +(of) 14 (course) ks +262 457 p m (free) 19 (\(and) 18 (encouraged\)) 20 (to) 18 (use) 20 +(ev) 0 (erything) 17 (y) 0 (ou) 18 (ha) 0 (v) -1 +(e) 17 (in) 18 (y) 0 (our) 17 (Minix-distribution) ks +262 506 p m (for) 15 (y) 0 (our) 15 (o) 0 (wn) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +15 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (-system,) 17 (but) 16 (due) 17 (to) 15 (the) 17 +(Minix) 15 (cop) 0 (yrigh) 0 (ts,) 14 (they) 17 (cannot) 16 +(b) 1 (e) ks +262 556 p m (distributed) 14 (to) 14 (a) 13 (wider) 14 (audience.) ks +324 606 p m (Some) 8 (of) 9 (the) 9 (prob) 1 (elms) 9 +(men) 0 (ti) -1 (oned) 8 (here) 10 (will) 8 (b) 1 +(e) 10 (\014xed) 10 (b) 0 (y) 8 (me) 8 (\(ie) 10 +(serial) 9 (lines/38) ks + save +[<07800007800007800007800007800007800007800007800003800003800003800003C00001C000 + 01C00000C00000E000006000007000003000003800C01C00C00E00C006006007007FFF807FFF80 + 7FFF80600000> 17 28 -2 0 21] 55 @pc restore +21 r m (/) s + save +[<7FCFF87FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 + 0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (opp) -1 (y) ks +262 656 p m (supp) 1 (ort\)) 15 (as) 15 (so) 1 (on) 14 +(as) 15 (p) 1 (ossible,) 14 (but) 15 (I'm) 13 (hoping) 14 +(to) 14 (get) 15 (help) 14 (with) 15 (the) 15 (libraries) 14 +(etc.) ks +262 706 p m (Bug-rep) 1 (orts/patc) 0 (hes) 13 (and) 11 (wish-lists) 11 +(will) 11 (b) 1 (e) 12 (appreciated,) 12 (and) 12 (if) 11 +(y) 0 (ou) 10 (actually) 11 (ha) 0 (v) -1 (e) ks +262 755 p m (the) 12 (patc) 0 (h) 11 (to) 12 (the) 12 +(problem,) 11 (I'll) 10 (try) 12 (to) 12 (impl) -1 (em) -1 +(en) 0 (t) 10 (it) 11 (righ) 0 (t) 11 (a) 0 +(w) -1 (a) -1 (y) -4 (.) 15 (Small) 10 (c) 0 +(hanges) 11 (will) ks +262 805 p m (b) 1 (e) 17 (sen) 0 (t) 16 (out) 17 +(as) 17 (patc) 0 (hes) 17 (to) 16 (the) 18 (mai) -1 +(li) -1 (ng) 15 (list) 16 (and) 17 (b) 1 (e) 17 +(set) 18 (up) 16 (on) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +17 r m (`nic.funet.f) -1 (i') ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (,) s +262 855 p m (but) 12 (after) 13 (hea) 0 (vy) 12 (rewrites) 14 +(or) 13 (bigger) 12 (patc) 0 (hes,) 13 (the) 13 (whole) 12 +(system) 13 (will) 11 (b) 1 (e) 13 (up) 1 (dated) 14 +(at) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +262 905 p m (`nic.funet) -1 (.fi') ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) s +cmbx10.432 @sf +262 1042 p save +[<007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF80000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF + 00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8E0007F0070007F0038007F001C007F000E007F000F007F000700 + 7F0003807F0001C07F0000E07F0000F07F0000707F0000387F00001C7F00000E7F00000F7F0000 + 077F000003FF000001FF000000FF000000FF0000007F0000003F0000001F0000000F0000000700> 29 39 -2 0 34] 52 @pc restore +365 1042 p save +[ 39 41 -3 0 47] 80 @pc restore +46 r m (ortin) s + save +[<00FFF80007FFFF001FE03FC03F0007E07E0003F0FC0001F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8F80001 + F87C0001F87E000FF83FFFFFF007FFFFF00FFFFFE01FFFFFC03FFFFF003FFFFC003E0000003C00 + 00003C0000003800000018FF80001FFFF0000FE3F8001F80FC003F80FE003F007E007F007F007F + 007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F007E783F80FE7C1F80FCFC0FE3FF7C07FFF7FC + 00FF81F0> 30 40 -2 13 34] 103 @pc restore +56 r m (so) s + save +[<7FFF80007FFF80007FFF800007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F000 + 0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 + 000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F00000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC00007F0000007F0000007 + F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F03F0007F07F8007F07F8003F87F8003F87F8001FC7F80 + 00FF3F00003FFE00000FF800> 25 42 -2 0 21] 102 @pc restore +21 r m (t) s +-1 r save +[<00078003C00000078003C000000FC007E000000FC007E000000FC007E000001FE00FF000001FE0 + 0FF000003FF01FF800003FF01FB800003FF01FB800007F783F3C00007F383F1C0000FF383F1E00 + 00FE1C7E0E0000FE1C7E0E0001FE1EFC0F0001FC0EFC070001FC0EFC070003F807F8038003F807 + F8038007F807F803C007F003F001C007F003F001C00FE007E000E0FFFE7FFC0FFEFFFE7FFC0FFE + FFFE7FFC0FFE> 47 27 -1 0 50] 119 @pc restore +49 r save +[<03FE07FC1FFF8FFC3FC3DFFC7F00FFC0FF007F80FE007F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F807F003F + 807F803F803FC03F801FE03F8007FE3F8001FFFF80001FFF8000003F8000003F801F803F803FC0 + 3F803FC03F803FC07F003FC07F003FC0FE001F81FC000FFFF00003FFC000> 30 27 -2 0 33] 97 @pc restore +33 r m (r) s + save +[<003FF80001FFFE0003F81F800FE007C01FC001C03F8001E03F8000E07F8000007F000000FF0000 + 00FF000000FF000000FF000000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E07F0007E07F00 + 0FC03F800FC03F800FC01FC01F800FE03F0007F07E0001FFFC00003FE000> 27 27 -2 0 32] 101 @pc restore +53 r save +[<7FFF80007FFF80007FFF800007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F000 + 0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 + 000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F00000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC00007F0000007F0000007 + F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F03F0007F07F8007F07F8003F87F8003F87F8001FC7F80 + 00FF3F00003FFE00000FF800> 25 42 -2 0 21] 102 @pc restore +21 r m (or) s +cmcsc10.432 @sf +23 r m (Linux) s +cmcsc10.300 @sf +262 1133 p m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +18 r m (w) 0 (as) 17 (designed) 18 (to) 17 (mak) -1 +(e) 16 (p) 1 (orting) 17 (relativ) 0 (ely) 16 (easy) -2 +(.) 27 (Th) 0 (us) 17 (the) 18 (full) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +16 r m (termios) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (-) s +262 1183 p m (impl) -1 (em) -1 (en) 0 (tati) -1 (on,) 17 +(and) 18 (the) 19 (somewhat) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +17 r save +[ 18 25 -1 0 22] 80 @pc restore +22 r m (OSIX) s +cmr10.300 @sf +17 r m (library) -2 (.) 29 (The) 19 (\(admittedly) 17 (relativly) ks +262 1233 p m (few\)) 14 (programs) 12 (I'v) 0 (e) 13 (p) 1 +(orted) 15 (p) 1 (osed) 14 (no) 14 (problems.) ks +324 1283 p m (Ev) 0 (en) 15 (though) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +15 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +16 r m (resem) 0 (bles) 15 (Minix) 14 (a) 15 (great) 16 +(deal,) 15 (Minix) 14 (programs) 14 (are) 16 (not) ks +262 1332 p m (generally) 16 (easier) 18 (to) 17 (p) 1 (ort) 17 +(than) 17 (programs) 16 (designed) 18 (for) 16 (some) 17 (other) 17 +(unix.) 27 (Th) 0 (us) 17 (I) ks +262 1382 p m (w) 0 (ouldn') -1 (t) 10 (recommend) 10 (starting) 12 +(from) 9 (a) 12 (Minix-v) -1 (ersion) 10 (of) 11 (a) 11 +(particular) 11 (program,) 10 (but) ks +262 1432 p m (instead) 12 (trying) 11 (to) 12 (p) 1 (ort) 12 +(the) 13 (\\virgin") 10 (program) 10 (from) 10 (scratc) 0 (h.) 18 +(Being) 12 (closer) 13 (to) 11 (SYSV) ks +262 1482 p m (than) 11 (BSD) 12 (means) 12 (that) 12 (most) 10 +(programs) 11 (p) 1 (ort) 12 (easily) 12 (when) 12 (giv) 0 +(en) 10 (a) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +12 r m (-DUSG) s +cmr10.300 @sf +11 r m (or) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +12 r m (-DS) s + save +[<07FC0007FC0007FC0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001F00001F000 + 03B80003B800071C00071C00071C000E0E000E0E001C07001C0700FF1FE0FF1FE0FF1FE0> 19 25 -1 0 22] 89 @pc restore +22 r m (S) s + save +[<00E00001F00001F00001B00003B80003B80003B800031800071C00071C00071C00071C00060C00 + 0E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E001C07001C07001C07001C0700380380FF1FE0FF1FE0FF1FE0> 19 25 -1 0 22] 86 @pc restore +cmr10.300 @sf +262 1532 p save 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0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (ags) 19 (making) 17 (it) 18 (p) 1 (ossible) 20 +(to) 19 (de\014ne) 20 (whic) 0 (h) 17 (functions) 19 (aren't) ks +262 1781 p m (a) 0 (v) -2 (a) -1 (ila) -1 (ble) 14 +(\(the) 16 (GNU) 15 (\014leutils) 15 (will) 14 (compile) 13 (quite) 16 +(nicely) -2 (,) 13 (once) 16 (a) 15 (su\016cien) 0 (t) 15 +(n) 0 (um) -1 (b) 1 (er) ks +262 1830 p m (of) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +13 r m (-DXXX) s +3 r 14 2 ru +433 1830 p m (MISSING) s +cmr10.300 @sf +13 r save +[<7FCFF87FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 + 0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (ags) 14 (are) 14 (added) 14 (to) 14 (the) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +14 r m (Makefile) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.\)) s +cmbx12.300 @sf +262 1947 p m (4.1) s +389 1947 p save +[ 32 34 -2 0 38] 80 @pc restore +38 r m (rogra) s + save +[ 42 22 -2 0 47] 109 @pc restore +47 r m (s) 19 (already) 19 (p) 2 (orted) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +262 2023 p m (These) 15 (programs) 12 (ha) 0 (v) 0 (e) 12 +(already) 14 (b) 1 (een) 15 (p) 1 (orted) 14 (to) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +14 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (:) s +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 2106 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2106 p m (GNU) 14 (cc) 15 (\(gcc,) 14 (cc1,) 14 (cpp\)) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 2189 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2189 p m (GNU) 14 (assem) 0 (bler) 12 (\(as386\)) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 2272 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2272 p m (GNU) 14 (bin) 0 (utils) 12 (\(ld,) 13 (ar,) 13 +(nm,) 12 (size,) 15 (strip,) 13 (ranlib\)) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 2355 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2355 p m (GNU) 14 (compress) 14 (\(16-bit\)) ks +cmsy10.300 @sf +324 2438 p m (\017) s +cmr10.300 @sf +365 2438 p m (GNU) 14 (tar) ks +967 2574 p m (6) s +@eop +7 @bop0 +cmbx10.300 @sf +[ 22 18 -1 0 25] 120 @dc 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971 p m (All) 8 (of) 9 (the) 10 (ab) 1 (o) 0 +(v) -1 (e) 8 (sources) 11 (can) 9 (b) 1 (e) 10 +(found) 9 (on) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +9 r m (`nic.funet.f) -1 (i') ks +cmr10.300 @sf +7 r m (\(mostly) 8 (in) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +9 r m (`/pub/gnu') s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (\),) s +262 1021 p m (and) 10 (most) 9 (of) 10 (the) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +10 r m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (-binaries) 12 (can) 10 (b) 1 (e) 11 (found) 10 +(in) 10 (the) 11 (directory) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +11 r m ('/pub/OS/Linu) -1 (x') ks +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) s +262 1071 p m (All) 9 (of) 10 (these) 12 (programs) 9 (compiled) 8 +(without) 10 (c) 0 (hanges,) 11 (ev) 0 (en) 10 (though) 10 +(gcc) 11 (\(cc1\)) 11 (has) 10 (some) ks +262 1121 p m (enhancemen) 0 (ts) 17 (of) 16 (m) 0 (y) 15 +(o) 0 (wn.) 27 (Mail) 17 (me) 16 (for) 17 (di\013s/sources,) 19 +(but) 18 (try) 18 (\014rst) 18 (to) 17 (compile) ks +262 1171 p m (them) 13 (y) 0 (ourself.) ks +324 1220 p m (Additionally) 12 (I) 13 (ha) 0 (v) 0 (e) 12 +(rep) 1 (orts) 15 (that) 14 (GNU) 14 (di\013) 14 (compiles) 12 +(cleanly) 14 (and) 14 (w) 0 (orks.) ks +cmbx10.432 @sf +262 1358 p save +[<00FF800007FFF0000FFFFC001F83FE003C00FF0078007F807E007FC0FF003FC0FF803FC0FF803F + E0FF803FE0FF803FE07F003FE03E003FE000003FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000003F800C00 + 7F800E007F000FC1FE000FFFF8000E7FC0000E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E + 0000000FFF00000FFFC0000FFFF0000FFFF8000FFFFC000FFFFE000FFFFE000FC03F000C000700> 27 39 -3 0 34] 53 @pc restore +365 1358 p save +[<00FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007F + C0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC00000 + 00007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007F + C0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC00000E0007FC000E0 + E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0F0007FC001E0F0007FC001E070007F + C001C078007FC003C078007FC003C07C007FC007C07F807FC03FC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC0 + 7FFFFFFFFFC0> 43 40 -2 0 48] 84 @pc restore +43 r save +[<003FF80001FFFE0003F81F800FE007C01FC001C03F8001E03F8000E07F8000007F000000FF0000 + 00FF000000FF000000FF000000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E07F0007E07F00 + 0FC03F800FC03F800FC01FC01F800FE03F0007F07E0001FFFC00003FE000> 27 27 -2 0 32] 101 @pc restore +32 r m (c) s +-2 r save +[ 33 42 -3 0 38] 104 @pc restore +38 r m (ni) -1 (c) ks + save +[<03FE07FC1FFF8FFC3FC3DFFC7F00FFC0FF007F80FE007F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F807F003F + 807F803F803FC03F801FE03F8007FE3F8001FFFF80001FFF8000003F8000003F801F803F803FC0 + 3F803FC03F803FC07F003FC07F003FC0FE001F81FC000FFFF00003FFC000> 30 27 -2 0 33] 97 @pc restore +33 r m (l) s +20 r save +[ 33 42 -3 0 38] 104 @pc restore +38 r save +[<003FF80001FFFE0003F81F800FE007C01FC001C03F8001E03F8000E07F8000007F000000FF0000 + 00FF000000FF000000FF000000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E07F0007E07F00 + 0FC03F800FC03F800FC01FC01F800FE03F0007F07E0001FFFC00003FE000> 27 27 -2 0 32] 101 @pc restore +32 r m (l) s + save +[ 33 39 -2 12 38] 112 @pc restore +cmcsc10.300 @sf +262 1449 p m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +18 r m (curren) 0 (tly) 17 (has) 17 (a) 17 (mai) -1 +(li) -1 (ng-li) -1 (st,) 16 (whic) 0 (h) 16 (y) 0 +(ou) 15 (can) 18 (subscrib) 1 (e) 18 (to) 17 (b) 0 +(y) 16 (mail) -1 (ing) 15 (to) ks +262 1498 p m (the) 19 (address:) ks +cmbx10.300 @sf +28 r save +[ 24 28 -2 0 29] 76 @pc restore +29 r m (in) -1 (ux-acti) -1 (vi) -1 (sts-r) -1 (e) ks + save +[<001FFC001FFC0003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E007F3E01FFFE03F1FE07E07E07E03E0 + FC03E0FC03E0FC03E0FC03E0FC03E0FC03E0FC03E0FE03E07E07E07F07E03F9FE01FFCE007F060> 22 26 -2 8 25] 113 @pc restore +25 r m (uest) s +-1 r save +[<003FFC0001FFFFC003E007F80F80007C1E0000001C1FC7E0387FFFF070FC7FB861F83F1861F01F + 0CE1F01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CE1F01F1C61F0 + 1F1861F8381870FC7838387FF0701C1FC0E01E0001E00F8007C003E01F0001FFFE00003FF000> 30 29 -3 0 37] 64 @pc restore +37 r m (ni) -1 (ksul) -1 (a.h) -1 (u) -1 (t.) ks + save 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(sends) 14 (mail) 11 +(to) 13 (all) 12 (p) 1 (ersons) 15 (on) 12 (the) 14 +(list,) 13 (the) 13 (second) 15 (is) 13 (used) 14 (only) 12 +(to) 13 (sub-) ks +262 1797 p m (scrib) 1 (e) 15 (and) 13 (unsubscrib) 1 (e) 16 +(from) 12 (the) 15 (list.) ks +324 1847 p m (Naturally) -3 (,) 12 (y) 0 (ou) 13 (can) 14 +(also) 13 (mail) 12 (me) 13 (directly) 14 (at) ks +cmbx10.300 @sf +14 r m (torv) -2 (alds) ks + save +[<003FFC0001FFFFC003E007F80F80007C1E0000001C1FC7E0387FFFF070FC7FB861F83F1861F01F + 0CE1F01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CC3E01F0CE1F01F1C61F0 + 1F1861F8381870FC7838387FF0701C1FC0E01E0001E00F8007C003E01F0001FFFE00003FF000> 30 29 -3 0 37] 64 @pc restore +37 r m (kru) -1 (un) -1 (a.hel) -1 (si) -1 (nki) -1 +(.) ks + save +[<7FE1FF807FE1FF800F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C + 000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C00FFFFFC00FFFFFC000F8000000F80 + 00000F8000000F8078000F80FC000F80FC000FC0FC0007E0FC0003F8780000FFF800001FE000> 25 29 0 0 27] 12 @pc restore +cmr10.300 @sf +27 r m (.) s +262 1897 p m (I'll) 12 (try) 14 (to) 14 (answ) 0 (er) 13 +(all) 13 (questions) 15 (within) 13 (a) 13 (da) 0 (y) 13 +(or) 14 (t) 0 (w) -1 (o.) ks +324 1947 p m (Although) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +22 r m (`nic.funet) -1 (.fi') ks +cmr10.300 @sf +20 r m (will) 21 (probably) 21 (b) 1 (e) 23 (k) 0 +(ept) 22 (reasonably) 22 (up-to-date,) ks +262 1997 p m (there) 18 (are) 17 (a) 17 (few) 17 (problems) 16 +(with) 17 (it) 17 (\(ie,) 17 (I) 17 (cannot) 18 (p) 1 +(ersonally) 17 (get) 17 (to) 17 (the) 18 (\014les,) 17 (but) ks +262 2046 p m (ha) 0 (v) -1 (e) 15 (to) 16 (go) 15 +(through) 16 (a) 16 (couple) 17 (of) 15 (p) 1 (ersons\).) 27 +(Th) 0 (us) 15 (p) 1 (eople) 17 (on) 16 (the) 17 +(mail) -1 (ing) -1 (-li) -1 (st) 15 (will) ks +262 2096 p m (get) 14 (patc) 0 (hes/binaries) 13 (faster) 15 (if) 13 +(they) 14 (ask) 14 (for) 14 (them.) ks +cmbx10.432 @sf +262 2233 p save +[<007FE00001FFF80003FFFC0007F0FF000FC03F801F803F803F801FC03F801FC07F001FE07F001F + E07F001FE07F001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF801FC0FF801FC0FF801FC0FFC0 + 3F80FFE03F00FF70FE00FF3FF800FF1FE000FF0000007F0000007F0000007F001E007F803F003F + 807F803F807F801FC07F800FC07F800FE03F8007F81F0001FE1F0000FFFE00003FFC000007F800> 27 39 -3 0 34] 54 @pc restore +365 2233 p save +[<00FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007F + C0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC00000 + 00007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007F + C0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC0000000007FC00000E0007FC000E0 + E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0E0007FC000E0F0007FC001E0F0007FC001E070007F + C001C078007FC003C078007FC003C07C007FC007C07F807FC03FC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC0 + 7FFFFFFFFFC0> 43 40 -2 0 48] 84 @pc restore +48 r save +[ 33 42 -3 0 38] 104 @pc restore +38 r save +[<03FE07FC1FFF8FFC3FC3DFFC7F00FFC0FF007F80FE007F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F807F003F + 807F803F803FC03F801FE03F8007FE3F8001FFFF80001FFF8000003F8000003F801F803F803FC0 + 3F803FC03F803FC07F003FC07F003FC0FE001F81FC000FFFF00003FFC000> 30 27 -2 0 33] 97 @pc restore +33 r m (n) s + save +[ 31 42 -2 0 36] 107 @pc restore +36 r m (s) s +cmr10.300 @sf +262 2324 p m (I'd) 13 (lik) 0 (e) 12 (to) 14 (thank) 14 +(the) 14 (academ) 0 (y) ks +cmmi10.300 @sf +12 r m (:) 7 (:) 7 (:) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +324 2374 p m (Seriously) -2 (,) 12 (this) 14 (system) 14 (nev) 0 +(er) 14 (w) 0 (ould) 12 (ha) 0 (v) -1 (e) 13 +(seen) 15 (the) 15 (ligh) -1 (t) 13 (of) 13 (da) 0 +(y) 13 (or) 14 (w) 0 (ould) 12 (ha) 0 (v) -1 +(e) ks +262 2424 p m (b) 1 (een) 14 (m) -1 (uc) 0 (h) 11 +(w) 0 (orse) 12 (without) 13 (the) 14 (help) 13 (of) 13 +(some) 12 (others.) 19 (Bruce) 14 (Ev) -1 (ans) 12 (help) 1 +(ed) 14 (me) 12 (\014nd) ks +967 2574 p save +[<07800007800007800007800007800007800007800007800003800003800003800003C00001C000 + 01C00000C00000E000006000007000003000003800C01C00C00E00C006006007007FFF807FFF80 + 7FFF80600000> 17 28 -2 0 21] 55 @pc restore +@eop +8 @bop0 +cmr10.300 @sf +[<70F8F8F870000000007070707070707070707070F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F870> 5 29 -3 0 12] 33 @dc +cmtt10.300 @sf +[<0F1E000F1E000F1E001DB7001DB7001DB7001DB70019B30019F30019F30038E380380380380380 + 380380380380FFBFE0FFBFE0FFBFE0> 19 18 -1 0 22] 119 @dc +cmmi10.300 @sf +[<0FE0783FF8FC7C3FEE700FC0F003C0F001C0F001E0F001E0F001F0F801F87803D87803DC3C038C + 3C038C1E078E0F8F0603FE0000FC00> 23 18 -1 0 27] 11 @dc +8 @bop1 +cmr10.300 @sf +262 307 p m (the) 17 (places) 18 (needed) 18 (to) 17 (b) 1 +(e) 17 (c) 0 (hanged) 17 (in) 16 (order) 18 (for) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +17 r m (gcc) s +cmr10.300 @sf +16 r m (to) 17 (correctly) 18 (handle) ks +17 r save +[<7FCFF87FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 + 0E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00F03C00783C0 + 03C3C001FFC0003FC0> 21 29 0 0 23] 13 @pc restore +23 r m (oating) s +262 357 p m (p) 1 (oin) 0 (t,) 13 (and) 15 (came) 14 +(with) 15 (a) 15 (lot) 15 (of) 14 (useful) 15 (ideas/suggestions) 16 +(\(and) 15 (his) 15 (Minix-386) 14 (w) 0 (as) ks +262 407 p m (used) 15 (to) 14 (build) 13 (the) 15 (system\).) 19 +(Also,) 14 (Earl) ks +13 r save +[<003FC00001FFF00003F03C000FC00E001F0007001E0003003C0003807C00018078000180780001 + 80F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000180780001807800 + 03807C0003803C0003801E0007801F000F800FC01F8003F07B8001FFF180003FC180> 25 28 -2 0 30] 67 @pc restore +30 r m (hew's) s +cmtt10.300 @sf +15 r m (estdio) s +cmr10.300 @sf +13 r m (pac) 0 (k) -1 (a) -1 (ge) 13 (w) 0 +(as) 13 (used) 15 (for) 14 (the) ks +262 457 p m (standard) 14 (IO-library) -2 (.) 16 (More) 14 (freely) 14 +(distributable) 14 (pac) 0 (k) -1 (a) -1 (ges) 13 (lik) 0 +(e) 12 (this!) ks +324 506 p m (Alain) 12 (W) 13 (Blac) 0 (k) 12 (and) ks +14 r save +[ 28 28 -2 0 31] 82 @pc restore +31 r m (ic) 0 (hard) 12 (T) -2 (obi) -1 (n) 12 +(made) 12 (the) 14 (gcc) 14 (for) 13 (Minix,) 12 (without) 13 +(whic) 0 (h) 13 (I) ks +262 556 p m (couldn't) 11 (ha) 0 (v) -1 (e) 11 (compiled) 10 +(the) 13 (thing.) 17 (GNU) 12 (made) 10 (most) 11 (of) 12 +(the) 12 (programs) 11 (I) 12 (use) 13 (under) ks +cmcsc10.300 @sf +262 606 p m (Linux) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (.) 19 (Alfred) 14 (Leung) 14 (sen) 0 (t) 14 +(the) 14 (US) 14 (k) 0 (eyb) 1 (oard) 13 (patc) 0 +(hes.) ks +324 656 p m (PS.) 9 (\\Thanks") 9 (to) ks +cmtt10.300 @sf +10 r m (wirzeniu) s + save +[<01FC0007FF800FFFC01F03C03E3C003CFF0078FF0071E780F1C380E3C3C0E381C0E381C0E381C0 + E381C0E381C0E3C3C0F1C3C071E7C078FFC03CFF803E3F801F0F800FFF0007FE0001F800> 18 25 -2 0 22] 64 @pc restore +22 r m (kru) -1 (una.h) -1 (elsin) -1 (ki.fi) ks +cmr10.300 @sf +7 r m (for) 9 (his) 10 (\\constructiv) 0 (e") 9 (crit-) ks +262 706 p m (icism) 9 (and) 12 (\\witt) 0 (y") 9 (commen) -1 +(ts.) 16 (He) 12 (w) 0 (as) 10 (also) 11 (m) 0 +(y) 9 (\014rst) ks +cmmi10.300 @sf +12 r m (\013) s +cmr10.300 @sf +m (-tester,) 13 (and) 12 (should) 11 (b) 1 (e) 12 +(giv) 0 (en) ks +262 755 p m (a) 13 (medal) 12 (for) 14 (courage.) ks +967 2574 p m (8) s +@eop +@end diff --git a/Linux-0.01/docs/RELNOTES-0.01 b/Linux-0.01/docs/RELNOTES-0.01 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e31d2069 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linux-0.01/docs/RELNOTES-0.01 @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ + + + + Notes for linux release 0.01 + + + 0. Contents of this directory + +linux-0.01.tar.Z - sources to the kernel +bash.Z - compressed bash binary if you want to test it +update.Z - compressed update binary +RELNOTES-0.01 - this file + + + 1. Short intro + + +This is a free minix-like kernel for i386(+) based AT-machines. Full +source is included, and this source has been used to produce a running +kernel on two different machines. Currently there are no kernel +binaries for public viewing, as they have to be recompiled for different +machines. You need to compile it with gcc (I use 1.40, don't know if +1.37.1 will handle all __asm__-directives), after having changed the +relevant configuration file(s). + +As the version number (0.01) suggests this is not a mature product. +Currently only a subset of AT-hardware is supported (hard-disk, screen, +keyboard and serial lines), and some of the system calls are not yet +fully implemented (notably mount/umount aren't even implemented). See +comments or readme's in the code. + +This version is also meant mostly for reading - ie if you are interested +in how the system looks like currently. It will compile and produce a +working kernel, and though I will help in any way I can to get it +working on your machine (mail me), it isn't really supported. Changes +are frequent, and the first "production" version will probably differ +wildly from this pre-alpha-release. + +Hardware needed for running linux: + - 386 AT + - VGA/EGA screen + - AT-type harddisk controller (IDE is fine) + - Finnish keyboard (oh, you can use a US keyboard, but not + without some practise :-) + +The Finnish keyboard is hard-wired, and as I don't have a US one I +cannot change it without major problems. See kernel/keyboard.s for +details. If anybody is willing to make an even partial port, I'd be +grateful. Shouldn't be too hard, as it's tabledriven (it's assembler +though, so ...) + +Although linux is a complete kernel, and uses no code from minix or +other sources, almost none of the support routines have yet been coded. +Thus you currently need minix to bootstrap the system. It might be +possible to use the free minix demo-disk to make a filesystem and run +linux without having minix, but I don't know... + + + 2. Copyrights etc + + +This kernel is (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds, but all or part of it may be +redistributed provided you do the following: + + - Full source must be available (and free), if not with the + distribution then at least on asking for it. + + - Copyright notices must be intact. (In fact, if you distribute + only parts of it you may have to add copyrights, as there aren't + (C)'s in all files.) Small partial excerpts may be copied + without bothering with copyrights. + + - You may not distibute this for a fee, not even "handling" + costs. + +Mail me at "torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi" if you have any questions. + +Sadly, a kernel by itself gets you nowhere. To get a working system you +need a shell, compilers, a library etc. These are separate parts and may +be under a stricter (or even looser) copyright. Most of the tools used +with linux are GNU software and are under the GNU copyleft. These tools +aren't in the distribution - ask me (or GNU) for more info. + + + 3. Short technical overview of the kernel. + + +The linux kernel has been made under minix, and it was my original idea +to make it binary compatible with minix. That was dropped, as the +differences got bigger, but the system still resembles minix a great +deal. Some of the key points are: + + - Efficient use of the possibilities offered by the 386 chip. + Minix was written on a 8088, and later ported to other + machines - linux takes full advantage of the 386 (which is + nice if you /have/ a 386, but makes porting very difficult) + + - No message passing, this is a more traditional approach to + unix. System calls are just that - calls. This might or might + not be faster, but it does mean we can dispense with some of + the problems with messages (message queues etc). Of course, we + also miss the nice features :-p. + + - Multithreaded FS - a direct consequence of not using messages. + This makes the filesystem a bit (a lot) more complicated, but + much nicer. Coupled with a better scheduler, this means that + you can actually run several processes concurrently without + the performance hit induced by minix. + + - Minimal task switching. This too is a consequence of not using + messages. We task switch only when we really want to switch + tasks - unlike minix which task-switches whatever you do. This + means we can more easily implement 387 support (indeed this is + already mostly implemented) + + - Interrupts aren't hidden. Some people (among them Tanenbaum) + think interrupts are ugly and should be hidden. Not so IMHO. + Due to practical reasons interrupts must be mainly handled by + machine code, which is a pity, but they are a part of the code + like everything else. Especially device drivers are mostly + interrupt routines - see kernel/hd.c etc. + + - There is no distinction between kernel/fs/mm, and they are all + linked into the same heap of code. This has it's good sides as + well as bad. The code isn't as modular as the minix code, but + on the other hand some things are simpler. The different parts + of the kernel are under different sub-directories in the + source tree, but when running everything happens in the same + data/code space. + +The guiding line when implementing linux was: get it working fast. I +wanted the kernel simple, yet powerful enough to run most unix software. +The file system I couldn't do much about - it needed to be minix +compatible for practical reasons, and the minix filesystem was simple +enough as it was. The kernel and mm could be simplified, though: + + - Just one data structure for tasks. "Real" unices have task + information in several places, I wanted everything in one + place. + + - A very simple memory management algorithm, using both the + paging and segmentation capabilities of the i386. Currently + MM is just two files - memory.c and page.s, just a couple of + hundreds of lines of code. + +These decisions seem to have worked out well - bugs were easy to spot, +and things work. + + + 4. The "kernel proper" + + +All the routines handling tasks are in the subdirectory "kernel". These +include things like 'fork' and 'exit' as well as scheduling and minor +system calls like 'getpid' etc. Here are also the handlers for most +exceptions and traps (not page faults, they are in mm), and all +low-level device drivers (get_hd_block, tty_write etc). Currently all +faults lead to a exit with error code 11 (Segmentation fault), and the +system seems to be relatively stable ("crashme" hasn't - yet). + + + 5. Memory management + + +This is the simplest of all parts, and should need only little changes. +It contains entry-points for some things that the rest of the kernel +needs, but mostly copes on it's own, handling page faults as they +happen. Indeed, the rest of the kernel usually doesn't actively allocate +pages, and just writes into user space, letting mm handle any possible +'page-not-present' errors. + +Memory is dealt with in two completely different ways - by paging and +segmentation. First the 386 VM-space (4GB) is divided into a number of +segments (currently 64 segments of 64Mb each), the first of which is the +kernel memory segment, with the complete physical memory identity-mapped +into it. All kernel functions live within this area. + +Tasks are then given one segment each, to use as they wish. The paging +mechanism sees to filling the segment with the appropriate pages, +keeping track of any duplicate copies (created at a 'fork'), and making +copies on any write. The rest of the system doesn't need to know about +all this. + + + 6. The file system + + +As already mentioned, the linux FS is the same as in minix. This makes +crosscompiling from minix easy, and means you can mount a linux +partition from minix (or the other way around as soon as I implement +mount :-). This is only on the logical level though - the actual +routines are very different. + + NOTE! Minix-1.6.16 seems to have a new FS, with minor + modifications to the 1.5.10 I've been using. Linux + won't understand the new system. + +The main difference is in the fact that minix has a single-threaded +file-system and linux hasn't. Implementing a single-threaded FS is much +easier as you don't need to worry about other processes allocating +buffer blocks etc while you do something else. It also means that you +lose some of the multiprocessing so important to unix. + +There are a number of problems (deadlocks/raceconditions) that the linux +kernel needed to address due to multi-threading. One way to inhibit +race-conditions is to lock everything you need, but as this can lead to +unnecessary blocking I decided never to lock any data structures (unless +actually reading or writing to a physical device). This has the nice +property that dead-locks cannot happen. + +Sadly it has the not so nice property that race-conditions can happen +almost everywhere. These are handled by double-checking allocations etc +(see fs/buffer.c and fs/inode.c). Not letting the kernel schedule a +task while it is in supervisor mode (standard unix practise), means that +all kernel/fs/mm actions are atomic (not counting interrupts, and we are +careful when writing those) if you don't call 'sleep', so that is one of +the things we can count on. + + + 7. Apologies :-) + + +This isn't yet the "mother of all operating systems", and anyone who +hoped for that will have to wait for the first real release (1.0), and +even then you might not want to change from minix. This is a source +release for those that are interested in seeing what linux looks like, +and it's not really supported yet. Anyone with questions or suggestions +(even bug-reports if you decide to get it working on your system) is +encouraged to mail me. + + + 8. Getting it working + + +Most hardware dependancies will have to be compiled into the system, and +there a number of defines in the file "include/linux/config.h" that you +have to change to get a personalized kernel. Also you must uncomment +the right "equ" in the file boot/boot.s, telling the bootup-routine what +kind of device your A-floppy is. After that a simple "make" should make +the file "Image", which you can copy to a floppy (cp Image /dev/PS0 is +what I use with a 1.44Mb floppy). That's it. + +Without any programs to run, though, the kernel cannot do anything. You +should find binaries for 'update' and 'bash' at the same place you found +this, which will have to be put into the '/bin' directory on the +specified root-device (specified in config.h). Bash must be found under +the name '/bin/sh', as that's what the kernel currently executes. Happy +hacking. + + + Linus Torvalds "torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi" + Petersgatan 2 A 2 + 00140 Helsingfors 14 + FINLAND diff --git a/Linux-0.01/sources/system/kernel/linux-0.01.tar.gz b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/kernel/linux-0.01.tar.gz new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ed6029bb Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/kernel/linux-0.01.tar.gz differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/sources/system/linux-0.01.tar.Z b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/linux-0.01.tar.Z new file mode 100644 index 00000000..29f5e6b2 Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/linux-0.01.tar.Z differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/sources/system/linux-0.08.diffs.Z b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/linux-0.08.diffs.Z new file mode 100644 index 00000000..74ae72f3 Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/linux-0.08.diffs.Z differ diff --git a/Linux-0.01/sources/system/unistd.tar.Z b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/unistd.tar.Z new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2072b85d Binary files /dev/null and b/Linux-0.01/sources/system/unistd.tar.Z differ