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<basefont size="3"> <a name="renice"></a> <a name="tag_04_119"></a><!-- renice -->
<!--header start-->
<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
Copyright &copy; 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
<!--header end-->
<hr size="2" noshade>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_01"></a>NAME</h4>
<blockquote>renice - set nice values of running processes</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
<blockquote class="synopsis">
<div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('UP')">UP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt=
"[Option Start]" border="0"> renice -n</tt> <i>increment</i> <b>[</b><tt>-g | -p | -u</tt><b>]</b> <i>ID</i> <tt>... <img src=
"../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>renice</i> utility shall request that the nice values (see the Base Definitions volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001,
<a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap03.html#tag_03_239">Section 3.239, Nice Value</a>) of one or more running processes be changed. By
default, the applicable processes are specified by their process IDs. When a process group is specified (see <b>-g</b>), the
request shall apply to all processes in the process group.</p>
<p>The nice value shall be bounded in an implementation-defined manner. If the requested <i>increment</i> would raise or lower the
nice value of the executed utility beyond implementation-defined limits, then the limit whose value was exceeded shall be used.</p>
<p>When a user is <i>renice</i>d, the request applies to all processes whose saved set-user-ID matches the user ID corresponding to
the user.</p>
<p>Regardless of which options are supplied or any other factor, <i>renice</i> shall not alter the nice values of any process
unless the user requesting such a change has appropriate privileges to do so for the specified process. If the user lacks
appropriate privileges to perform the requested action, the utility shall return an error status.</p>
<p>The saved set-user-ID of the user's process shall be checked instead of its effective user ID when <i>renice</i> attempts to
determine the user ID of the process in order to determine whether the user has appropriate privileges.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>renice</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001, <a href=
"../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p>
<p>The following options shall be supported:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt><b>-g</b></dt>
<dd>Interpret all operands as unsigned decimal integer process group IDs.</dd>
<dt><b>-n&nbsp;</b> <i>increment</i></dt>
<dd>Specify how the nice value of the specified process or processes is to be adjusted. The <i>increment</i> option-argument is a
positive or negative decimal integer that shall be used to modify the nice value of the specified process or processes.
<p>Positive <i>increment</i> values shall cause a lower nice value. Negative <i>increment</i> values may require appropriate
privileges and shall cause a higher nice value.</p>
</dd>
<dt><b>-p</b></dt>
<dd>Interpret all operands as unsigned decimal integer process IDs. The <b>-p</b> option is the default if no options are
specified.</dd>
<dt><b>-u</b></dt>
<dd>Interpret all operands as users. If a user exists with a user name equal to the operand, then the user ID of that user is used
in further processing. Otherwise, if the operand represents an unsigned decimal integer, it shall be used as the numeric user ID of
the user.</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The following operands shall be supported:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt><i>ID</i></dt>
<dd>A process ID, process group ID, or user name/user ID, depending on the option selected.</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Not used.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>renice</i>:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt><i>LANG</i></dt>
<dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> for
the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd>
<dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt>
<dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd>
<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt>
<dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).</dd>
<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt>
<dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
error.</dd>
<dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt>
<dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt=
"[Option End]" border="0"></dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Default.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Not used.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt>&nbsp;0</dt>
<dd>Successful completion.</dd>
<dt>&gt;0</dt>
<dd>An error occurred.</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Default.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Adjust the nice value so that process IDs 987 and 32 would have a lower nice value:</p>
<pre>
<tt>renice -n 5 -p 987 32
</tt>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Adjust the nice value so that group IDs 324 and 76 would have a higher nice value, if the user has the appropriate privileges to
do so:</p>
<pre>
<tt>renice -n -4 -g 324 76
</tt>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Adjust the nice value so that numeric user ID 8 and user <b>sas</b> would have a lower nice value:</p>
<pre>
<tt>renice -n 4 -u 8 sas
</tt>
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Useful nice value increments on historical systems include 19 or 20 (the affected processes run only when nothing else in the
system attempts to run) and any negative number (to make processes run faster).</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>gid</i>, <i>pid</i>, and <i>user</i> specifications do not fit either the definition of operand or option-argument.
However, for clarity, they have been included in the OPTIONS section, rather than the OPERANDS section.</p>
<p>The definition of nice value is not intended to suggest that all processes in a system have priorities that are comparable.
Scheduling policy extensions such as the realtime priorities in the System Interfaces volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001 make
the notion of a single underlying priority for all scheduling policies problematic. Some implementations may implement the <a href=
"../utilities/nice.html"><i>nice</i></a>-related features to affect all processes on the system, others to affect just the general
time-sharing activities implied by this volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001, and others may have no effect at all. Because of
the use of &quot;implementation-defined&quot; in <a href="../utilities/nice.html"><i>nice</i></a> and <i>renice</i>, a wide range of
implementation strategies are possible.</p>
<p>Originally, this utility was written in the historical manner, using the term &quot;nice value&quot;. This was always a point of concern
with users because it was never intuitively obvious what this meant. With a newer version of <i>renice</i>, which used the term
&quot;system scheduling priority&quot;, it was hoped that novice users could better understand what this utility was meant to do. Also, it
would be easier to document what the utility was meant to do. Unfortunately, the addition of the POSIX realtime scheduling
capabilities introduced the concepts of process and thread scheduling priorities that were totally unaffected by the <a href=
"../utilities/nice.html"><i>nice</i></a>/ <i>renice</i> utilities or the <a href="../functions/nice.html"><i>nice</i>()</a>/ <a
href="../functions/setpriority.html"><i>setpriority</i>()</a> functions. Continuing to use the term &quot;system scheduling priority''
would have incorrectly suggested that these utilities and functions were indeed affecting these realtime priorities. It was decided
to revert to the historical term &quot;nice value&quot; to reference this unrelated process attribute.</p>
<p>Although this utility has use by system administrators (and in fact appears in the system administration portion of the BSD
documentation), the standard developers considered that it was very useful for individual end users to control their own
processes.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="nice.html"><i>nice</i>()</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>First released in Issue 4.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_22"></a>Issue 5</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>In the SYNOPSIS, an ellipsis is added to the <b>-u</b> option in all three obsolescent forms.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_119_23"></a>Issue 6</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>This utility is marked as part of the User Portability Utilities option.</p>
<p>The APPLICATION USAGE section is added.</p>
<p>The obsolescent forms of the SYNOPSIS are removed.</p>
<p>Text previously conditional on POSIX_SAVED_IDS is mandatory in this issue. This is a FIPS requirement.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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