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study/Ref-docs/manual gdb/gdbint/gdbint_7.html
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study/Ref-docs/manual gdb/gdbint/gdbint_7.html
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<HTML>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<!-- Created on October, 18 2002 by texi2html 1.64 -->
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<!--
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Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
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Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
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Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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and many others.
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Maintained by: Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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-->
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>GDB Internals: Language Support</TITLE>
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="GDB Internals: Language Support">
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="GDB Internals: Language Support">
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H1> 7. Language Support </H1>
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<!--docid::SEC61::-->
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<P>
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<A NAME="IDX127"></A>
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GDB's language support is mainly driven by the symbol reader,
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although it is possible for the user to set the source language
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manually.
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</P><P>
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GDB chooses the source language by looking at the extension
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of the file recorded in the debug info; <TT>`.c'</TT> means C, <TT>`.f'</TT>
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means Fortran, etc. It may also use a special-purpose language
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identifier if the debug format supports it, like with DWARF.
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</P><P>
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<HR SIZE="6">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdbint_19.html#SEC186">Index</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdbint_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H2> 7.1 Adding a Source Language to GDB </H2>
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<!--docid::SEC62::-->
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<P>
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<A NAME="IDX128"></A>
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To add other languages to GDB's expression parser, follow the
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following steps:
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</P><P>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT><EM>Create the expression parser.</EM>
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<DD><P>
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<A NAME="IDX129"></A>
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This should reside in a file <TT>`<VAR>lang</VAR>-exp.y'</TT>. Routines for
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building parsed expressions into a <CODE>union exp_element</CODE> list are in
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<TT>`parse.c'</TT>.
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</P><P>
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<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
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Since we can't depend upon everyone having Bison, and YACC produces
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parsers that define a bunch of global names, the following lines
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<STRONG>must</STRONG> be included at the top of the YACC parser, to prevent the
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various parsers from defining the same global names:
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</P><P>
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<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre>#define yyparse <VAR>lang</VAR>_parse
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#define yylex <VAR>lang</VAR>_lex
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#define yyerror <VAR>lang</VAR>_error
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#define yylval <VAR>lang</VAR>_lval
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#define yychar <VAR>lang</VAR>_char
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#define yydebug <VAR>lang</VAR>_debug
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#define yypact <VAR>lang</VAR>_pact
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#define yyr1 <VAR>lang</VAR>_r1
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#define yyr2 <VAR>lang</VAR>_r2
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#define yydef <VAR>lang</VAR>_def
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#define yychk <VAR>lang</VAR>_chk
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#define yypgo <VAR>lang</VAR>_pgo
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#define yyact <VAR>lang</VAR>_act
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#define yyexca <VAR>lang</VAR>_exca
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#define yyerrflag <VAR>lang</VAR>_errflag
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#define yynerrs <VAR>lang</VAR>_nerrs
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</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
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At the bottom of your parser, define a <CODE>struct language_defn</CODE> and
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initialize it with the right values for your language. Define an
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<CODE>initialize_<VAR>lang</VAR></CODE> routine and have it call
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<SAMP>`add_language(<VAR>lang</VAR>_language_defn)'</SAMP> to tell the rest of GDB
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that your language exists. You'll need some other supporting variables
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and functions, which will be used via pointers from your
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<CODE><VAR>lang</VAR>_language_defn</CODE>. See the declaration of <CODE>struct
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language_defn</CODE> in <TT>`language.h'</TT>, and the other <TT>`*-exp.y'</TT> files,
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for more information.
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</P><P>
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<DT><EM>Add any evaluation routines, if necessary</EM>
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<DD><P>
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<A NAME="IDX131"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX132"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX133"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX134"></A>
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If you need new opcodes (that represent the operations of the language),
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add them to the enumerated type in <TT>`expression.h'</TT>. Add support
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code for these operations in the <CODE>evaluate_subexp</CODE> function
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defined in the file <TT>`eval.c'</TT>. Add cases
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for new opcodes in two functions from <TT>`parse.c'</TT>:
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<CODE>prefixify_subexp</CODE> and <CODE>length_of_subexp</CODE>. These compute
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the number of <CODE>exp_element</CODE>s that a given operation takes up.
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</P><P>
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<DT><EM>Update some existing code</EM>
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<DD><P>
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Add an enumerated identifier for your language to the enumerated type
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<CODE>enum language</CODE> in <TT>`defs.h'</TT>.
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</P><P>
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Update the routines in <TT>`language.c'</TT> so your language is included.
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These routines include type predicates and such, which (in some cases)
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are language dependent. If your language does not appear in the switch
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statement, an error is reported.
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</P><P>
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<A NAME="IDX135"></A>
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Also included in <TT>`language.c'</TT> is the code that updates the variable
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<CODE>current_language</CODE>, and the routines that translate the
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<CODE>language_<VAR>lang</VAR></CODE> enumerated identifier into a printable
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string.
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</P><P>
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<A NAME="IDX136"></A>
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Update the function <CODE>_initialize_language</CODE> to include your
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language. This function picks the default language upon startup, so is
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dependent upon which languages that GDB is built for.
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</P><P>
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<A NAME="IDX137"></A>
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Update <CODE>allocate_symtab</CODE> in <TT>`symfile.c'</TT> and/or symbol-reading
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code so that the language of each symtab (source file) is set properly.
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This is used to determine the language to use at each stack frame level.
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Currently, the language is set based upon the extension of the source
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file. If the language can be better inferred from the symbol
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information, please set the language of the symtab in the symbol-reading
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code.
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</P><P>
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<A NAME="IDX138"></A>
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<A NAME="IDX139"></A>
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Add helper code to <CODE>print_subexp</CODE> (in <TT>`expprint.c'</TT>) to handle any new
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expression opcodes you have added to <TT>`expression.h'</TT>. Also, add the
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printed representations of your operators to <CODE>op_print_tab</CODE>.
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</P><P>
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<DT><EM>Add a place of call</EM>
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<DD><P>
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<A NAME="IDX140"></A>
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Add a call to <CODE><VAR>lang</VAR>_parse()</CODE> and <CODE><VAR>lang</VAR>_error</CODE> in
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<CODE>parse_exp_1</CODE> (defined in <TT>`parse.c'</TT>).
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</P><P>
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<DT><EM>Use macros to trim code</EM>
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<DD><P>
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<A NAME="IDX141"></A>
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The user has the option of building GDB for some or all of the
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languages. If the user decides to build GDB for the language
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<VAR>lang</VAR>, then every file dependent on <TT>`language.h'</TT> will have the
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macro <CODE>_LANG_<VAR>lang</VAR></CODE> defined in it. Use <CODE>#ifdef</CODE>s to
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leave out large routines that the user won't need if he or she is not
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using your language.
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</P><P>
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Note that you do not need to do this in your YACC parser, since if GDB
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is not build for <VAR>lang</VAR>, then <TT>`<VAR>lang</VAR>-exp.tab.o'</TT> (the
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compiled form of your parser) is not linked into GDB at all.
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</P><P>
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See the file <TT>`configure.in'</TT> for how GDB is configured
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for different languages.
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</P><P>
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<DT><EM>Edit <TT>`Makefile.in'</TT></EM>
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<DD><P>
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Add dependencies in <TT>`Makefile.in'</TT>. Make sure you update the macro
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variables such as <CODE>HFILES</CODE> and <CODE>OBJS</CODE>, otherwise your code may
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not get linked in, or, worse yet, it may not get <CODE>tar</CODE>red into the
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distribution!
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</DL>
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<P>
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<A NAME="Host Definition"></A>
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</P><P>
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<HR SIZE="6">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdbint_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdbint_19.html#SEC186">Index</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdbint_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<BR>
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<FONT SIZE="-1">
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<address>
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<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to <a
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href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">gnu@gnu.org</a>. There are also <a
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href="http://www.gnu.org/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
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contact</a> the FSF.</p>
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<p>These pages are maintained by <a
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href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/">the GDB developers</a>.</p>
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<p>Copyright Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite
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330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.</p>
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<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
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permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
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</address>
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This document was generated
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by <I>GDB Administrator</I> on <I>October, 18 2002</I>
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using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
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"><I>texi2html</I></A>
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