From: Digestifier To: Linux-Activists@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu Reply-To: Linux-Activists@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu Date: Mon, 13 Sep 93 17:13:12 EDT Subject: Linux-Activists Digest #226 Linux-Activists Digest #226, Volume #6 Mon, 13 Sep 93 17:13:12 EDT Contents: How to emulate 3-button mouse with X (Chao Feng) Help with AST FourPort Card (richardp@owlsnest.UUCP) Standard ML Edinburgh Library problems (Jacob Martin Bohn Lorensen) Re: Can a VGA monitor be connected to ... (Dan Newcombe) Need more help w sls disk install (ph9991_hall@rivers.acc.uwrf.edu) Re: Linux broke my computer! (David Biesack) Re: Defrag'ers and SZ prob's (Mark Lord) Re: Final: Keeping fs clean (Mark Lord) ext2_new_block: unable to (John Will) RZ/SZ and Modem Progs (Leif Sawyer) Re: Slackware: Some more things to fix (Mark Lord) ATI Graphics Ultra Pro VLB 2MB (C.A. Peskin) Booting from HD on a "pure" Linux machine (Willie Lim) Re: Xircom pocket adaptor Trouble in DOS floppy drive (Chao Feng) Database for LINUX? (Yarek Kowalik) Re: What about a new numbering for Linux? (Vivat Grendel) ** Request better install instructions! (ph9991_hall@rivers.acc.uwrf.edu) Re: BBS package (Derek Bischoff) Re: Bootdisk made by SLS install hangs during boot (Derek Bischoff) Re: BSD UNIX (Derek Bischoff) Re: WANTED : FTP site for complete Linux package/utilities (Derek Bischoff) Question on Proc (Derek Bischoff) Re: SLS wont mount /proc (Scarrow) Re: Final: Keeping fs clean (Sunando Sen) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: cfeng@cs.tamu.edu (Chao Feng) Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help Subject: How to emulate 3-button mouse with X Date: 13 Sep 1993 17:10:22 GMT I have Z-Nix (Microsoft Compatible) mouse with 2 buttons. In X of SLS 1.03, I have problem to paste high lighted text. In normal X using 3-button mouse, you can use the middle button to paste. But how to emulate this using the 2 button mouse? I saw that there is a field in Xconfig called "Emulate3Buttons", but nothing happened when I enabled it. Any idea? Chao cfeng@cs.tamu.edu ------------------------------ Subject: Help with AST FourPort Card From: richardp@owlsnest.UUCP Date: Sat, 11 Sep 1993 14:48:05 GMT I have an AST FourPort serial card and I read that the latest version of Linux supports the card. Can someone e-mail how to set the card up with Linux or point me to a FAQ on the subject. Thanks. -Richard E. Polivka richardp%owlsnest@swc.uucp ------------------------------ From: jablo@diku.dk (Jacob Martin Bohn Lorensen) Subject: Standard ML Edinburgh Library problems Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 16:49:09 GMT Hi. Is anybody out there using the Linux port of Standard ML of New Jersey? Are you also using the Edinburgh Library? If you are, I would be happy to hear how you have succeded compiling the library, because I have a couple of problems. Jacob. ------------------------------ From: dnewcomb@cybernet.cse.fau.edu (Dan Newcombe) Subject: Re: Can a VGA monitor be connected to ... Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 17:27:37 GMT manuel@engc.bu.edu (manuel Toledo-Quinones) writes: > a SVGA card, and then used in 600x800 res. mode to run X with colors? This > is probably a stupid idea, because I don't know if the pin def./connector > is compatible between SVGA and VGA. But still it would be a very inexpensive > way of upgrading to color. > Any comments? > Thanks, > manuel Both VGA and SVGA cards use the 15 pin connectors (or is it more pins.) Anyway, yes you can plug it in. ------------------------------ From: ph9991_hall@rivers.acc.uwrf.edu Subject: Need more help w sls disk install Date: 13 Sep 93 12:35:31 -0600 -- Reply-To:James.F.Hall@uwrf.edu -- This message continues my plea for help. I've gotten several email replies already, and I've tried to follow the advice given. (They were all virtually the same). == Okay, I've run the FDISK program on the a1 disk of the SLS installation. I've completely deleted the old DOS partition, and replaced it with the Linux/MINIX partition. Problem with that: I installed it as primary partition 1. It says I have cyls 1-981 (correct). So I select cyl 1 for the first cyl, and I try to selest 981 for the last. It balks and says Linux cannot currently access so-many-blah sectors. I have an 80M drive, and I'd like to use all of it for Linux. So, I tried again, and used the +spaceM option instead of last cyl. I used +80M, which I assume was correct. It balked again w/ the same msg. !! In both cases, it also gives a warning! that the partition has an odd # of sectors. I can't get past this. But, I tried again anyway.. Just like before, I get errors from tar that it can't create such-and-such a file because it doesn't exist or the dir isn't there. It also gives errors about running out of room on the drive. == For this run, I've been trying to install the minimum Linux system (~12M) just to see if there is a problem with my hardware. If anyone can help me out of this jam, I'd appreciate it! I am eager to begin using Linux, and these delays are depressing.. :-{ ------------------------------ From: sasdjb@unx.sas.com (David Biesack) Subject: Re: Linux broke my computer! Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 17:20:10 GMT manuel@engc.bu.edu (manuel Toledo-Quinones) writes: >Not exactly. I guess that I was the magnificent source of stupidity >that is neede to mess things so badly! >The plan was simple, but naive! I did not remove the linux partition >thinking that just running dos 'fdisk' on the drive was going to solve >the problem. Also I did not remove 'LILO', which was being run >automatically on boot-up. Now, what happens is that LILO comes up >when I try rebooting, and the computer, of course, goes crazy if I >don't stop it from booting the nonexisting linux. I can, however, >still run dos from drive c. >I though that just using the bootup floppy created by linux will >hopefully provide me with a way of removing LILO. But now the floppy drives >are crazy, and I can not read floppies nor bootup from them! They are not >totally dead: drive A does a strange noise if I put a f.d. w/o write >protection. It does not do anything if the disk is write protected. Drive >B does not seem to be doing anything. I'm a Linux newbie, but I'll give this a shot. Can you boot DOS from a floppy? Your mail did not mention this. If so, run the DOS fdisk. As per the FAQ: FAQ: III.16) How can I remove LILO from my hard drive? FAQ: FAQ: ANSWER: Simple. First you need an MS-DOS 5.0 (or OS/2) bootable floppy FAQ: with FDISK.EXE on it. Boot it and run the command FAQ: FDISK /MBR FAQ: which will (hopefully) restore your hard drive's master boot record to FAQ: a standard MS-DOS (resp. OS/2) boot record. Now you can go back and FAQ: reinstall LILO. :) >I will be inmensily greatful if someone can give me a hand with this >one. Should I just format the 340meg hard drive to see it that removes >anything that might be left from linux there? Or is LILO somewhere in >my C drive? LILO modifies your MBR, I think, which is your problem. >Again, all help will be greatly appreciated. >manuel -- David J. Biesack SAS Institute, Inc. Object Programming Technology SAS Campus Drive sasdjb@unx.sas.com Cary, NC 27513-2414 mcnc!sas!sasdjb (919) 677-8000 ext. 7771 ------------------------------ From: mlord@bnr.ca (Mark Lord) Subject: Re: Defrag'ers and SZ prob's Date: Mon, 13 Sep 93 17:07:35 GMT In article <1993Sep12.232249.171@grendel.demon.co.uk> jes@grendel.demon.co.uk writes: ... >Disc writes, particularly sync calls, seem to cause overruns more than >reads do. If you are feeling brave, you can modify the source of hd.c >to enable interrupts during the transfer (further disc interrupts are >already disabled in the 8259). Find the occurences of port_read() and >port_write() in linux/kernel/blk_drv/hd.c. Add an sti() call before >each one, and for those calls which are not immediately followed by >an sti(), add a cli() call just after the port_read/port_write. To be much safer on writes, change the code to do: sti(); port_write(first 255 words only); cli(); port_write(last word); Actually, just inserting sti(); nop(); nop(); cli(); in front of the port_read/write lines may work in many systems. -- mlord@bnr.ca Mark Lord BNR Ottawa,Canada 613-763-7482 ------------------------------ From: mlord@bnr.ca (Mark Lord) Subject: Re: Final: Keeping fs clean Date: Mon, 13 Sep 93 17:02:26 GMT In article <1993Sep11.191122.1@vax.sonoma.edu> levinson@vax.sonoma.edu writes: ... >Make sure you use SHUTDOWN only!! reboot and halt do not cleanly exit your >system. On my (SLACKWARE 1.02) system, reboot and halt are just links to shutdown, *all* of which mark the fs as clean. -- mlord@bnr.ca Mark Lord BNR Ottawa,Canada 613-763-7482 ------------------------------ From: john.will@satalink.com (John Will) Subject: ext2_new_block: unable to Date: 13 Sep 93 14:38:00 GMT Le>I have a 1 GB Maxtor P0-12S and an Adaptec 1542B SCSI controller. 115 Le>is the last block on the device. I'm running the 0.99.12 kernel with Le>the 18 August `small patch.' How much memory on that system? I still have a problem with my Adaptec 1542B and more than 16mb of RAM, I don't know if it's the VLB video, the motherboard, or a bug in Linux. I have swapped all the memory from another working system with Linux, and the old stuff runs fine with 20mb installed and an IDE drive, the known good memory still has a problem with the Adaptec machine, so it's not memory. In addition, I've swapped out the Adaptec, and that didn't fix it either... ------------------------------ From: axlas@acad2.alaska.edu (Leif Sawyer) Subject: RZ/SZ and Modem Progs Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 14:26:52 GMT >2. I'm logging in my school's computer very often and I'd like to use ZModem >to download and upload files to my account. What comm program should I use >to be able to download with sz? I tried kermit but it takes about 5 times >as long as when I use ZModem with PCPlus for DOS. > > >Thank you and I'll post a summary of responses! > >L.R -- >I've been trying to get these transfer protocols to work on my .99.p11 system >at home. So far, after recompiling the rzsz9202.tar-z/dff source and installing, >I see a number of errors when transmitting, but no errors when receiving. this >holds true for zmodem and y-modem batch. > >I can use kermit to transfer files, along with the normal uucico mechanism. However, >trying to run a bbs software package makes these others a necessity to be working. > >Can anyone who has these working tell me what they did? I'd greatly >appreciate it. > >-bob > There are a number of packages available for telecommunications under Linux. Probably the most popular and well known is Seyon. It is a well rounded communications package that runs under X-windows, and has build-in support for automatic Z-Modem downloading, script files, and other feature too numerous to mention. XC (or xcomm), is one of the more popular term programs for use with the standard login shell. It also has automatic Z-Modem downloading, and comes with the sources for rz/sz. This is my preferred comm program. Also available are PComm, ECU, and a few others that I've not tried. They should also work well. You can find Seyon or XC on the most popular archive sites for linux sources, namely tsx-11.mit.edu sunsite.umc.edu nic.funet.fi =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= | Leif Sawyer -= AXLAS@acad2.alaska.edu | WWIVNet (The Patroler)-= 340@9702 | | Try these also -= ASLAS@acad3.alaska.edu | BITNET -= AXLAS@alaska.BITNET | | USnail -= 325 Irwin #11, 99508-1273 | #define FLAME /dev/null | | "Views expressed by moi are not necessarily those Defined by my employer" | =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= ------------------------------ From: mlord@bnr.ca (Mark Lord) Subject: Re: Slackware: Some more things to fix Date: Mon, 13 Sep 93 17:00:56 GMT In article <747882228.AA07430@gccs.fido.imp.com> pit@gccs.imp.com writes: >(seems, there are still some "steps" left to get a "real" difference to SLS, >but, I think/hope/guess you're on the right way. Go on!) I think the real differences are already there: 1. slackware is a good package, with excellent installation utilities 2. it is much more up to date, and more responsive to change. But the edges can still be polished: add a "READ-ONLY" line to /etc/lilo/config so that bootutils can work. -- mlord@bnr.ca Mark Lord BNR Ottawa,Canada 613-763-7482 ------------------------------ From: cap2624@ultb.isc.rit.edu (C.A. Peskin) Subject: ATI Graphics Ultra Pro VLB 2MB Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 18:11:20 GMT Ok, so it looks like I have have decided to dump the Diamond Viper VLB. Looks like the company is a pain to deal with, and does not promote the freedom if information. How compatable is ATI's Graphics Ultra Pro VLB w/2MB of ram with Linux? -- +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Rochester Institute of Technology Chris A. Peskin | | Electrical Engineering | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ ------------------------------ From: wlim@gdstech.GRUMMAN.COM (Willie Lim) Subject: Booting from HD on a "pure" Linux machine Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 19:30:12 GMT I have not been successful getting Linux SLS 1.03 to boot off my hda1 partition. On my system, a 4Mb, 386/33 with a 200+M disk, I have two Linux partitions: hda1 as my / disk (~200M) and hda2 as my swap disk (~16M). My machine is a "pure" Linux machine. There are no other partitions on it; no DOS or any other kind of partitions. I can boot off my boot floppy without any problem. However when I tried to boot off my HD, my system hangs everytime. BTW, I did use fdisk to make my /dev/hda1 partition bootable and had also used the "harddisk" command from the a1.3 disk. Any ideas? Willie ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 21:15:40 CDT From: Subject: Re: Xircom pocket adaptor Date: Mon, 13 Sep 93 21:01:19 CDT From: K111114@EDVZ.UNI-Linz.AC.AT Subject: Re: Xircom pocket adapter To: bilan@cps.msu.edu ======================================================================== Forget Xircom. The Vendor doesnt give out ANY programming info (hardware specs) Buy a different adapter, there is a device driver for Linux from a Vendor called D-Link. D-Link is open-system oriented. Xircom is not...all you can do is buy their shit, but you won't get anything else. And worst, the pe3pd.com (packet driver which runs under Dos) is partly stolen from the Public Domain, this is a GPL Violation. (I know that cuz I have disassembled it - but even disassembling is forbidden by Xircom !) Throw your Xircom adapter in the garbage bin - buy D-Link (I am NOT! working for D-Link. Our university accidentially has bought Xircom adapeters, too, how idiotic !@$%^&*(*)() , and now you are not even allowed to write a device driver because that requires either hw-specs or reverse engineering) /Herp ------------------------------ From: cfeng@cs.tamu.edu (Chao Feng) Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help Subject: Trouble in DOS floppy drive Date: 13 Sep 1993 19:36:51 GMT In SLS 1.03, when I "mdir", the system tells me "Probable non-MSDOS disk, mdir: Cannot initialize 'A:'". But the floppy disk IS a MSDOS format. There was a time the system also gave this information "floppy 0: sector not found: track 0, head 0, sector 16". The situation is similar for B drive. When I boot Linux, I noticed a line among bunch of information saying "mitsumi init failed ...". Is it relavent to the above problem? Any idea? Chao ------------------------------ Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.unix From: jkowalik@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca (Yarek Kowalik) Subject: Database for LINUX? Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 19:18:48 GMT I was wondering if there exists a Database for Linux. If not, can anyone suggest a Unix like OS that would have a database program? I am interested in databases that use Informix SQL language. Thanks, Yarek -- Jaroslaw Kowalik (a.k.a. Yarek Kowalik) ============================================================================= jkowalik@descartes.uwaterloo.ca | "Does the body rule the mind, jkowalik@cayley.uwaterloo.ca | or does the mind rule the body?" ------------------------------ From: darkstar@brahms.udel.edu (Vivat Grendel) Subject: Re: What about a new numbering for Linux? Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 20:03:26 GMT In article kirsch@ps1.iaee.tuwien.ac.at (Rainer Kirsch) writes: >Hello Linux developers and friends! > >I am shure, that it is time for a change with the Linux numbering system. >Everyone, who really knows Linux, knows that it is an experimental system. >Keeping this in mind, there is no reason to avoid numbers greater than 1.00. >I think the best way of a change would be to skip off the redundant 0.99. >e.g: >Linux 0.99p12 would change to Linux 12.0 > >This change would also stop the need (if there was really one) of several >versions having the same name (like under Linux 0.99p12) > >Many thanks to all developers of Linux! >Rainer Kirsch >Technical University of Vienna,Austria,Europe > But then we would never get around to the much awaited v1.0!!!! 8) --Jerry -- |>Jerry Alexandratos ** "vengo de la tierra del <| |>darkstar@freezer.cns.udel.edu ** fuego ten cuidado cuando <| |>darkstar@bach.udel.edu ** llamas mi nombre..." <| ------------------------------ From: ph9991_hall@rivers.acc.uwrf.edu Subject: ** Request better install instructions! Date: 13 Sep 93 15:05:02 -0600 Installing a system should not be this hard.. I'm running out of hope and good nature. Either I find a way to install Linux on my computer or I'll have some very sore things to say about the SLS disks.. ;-) -- I HAVE REACHED THE END OF MY ROPE. Could some kind soul email me some detailed instructions on how to install Linux on my computer using the SLS disks? I am so frustrated with the error messages I get, I'm about to lie down and cry! I've posted three msgs on this topic, and rec'd a few good hints. But nothing seems to help! I.E. On my last attempt, I killed all partitions of any kind using Linux's fdisk, reinstated a Linux/MINIX partition. !!This met with two errors: 1.) Odd number of cylinders when I choose the limits on my disk 1-981, 2.) Linux cannot currently use ___ sectors on this partition. I reboot anyway, and find that I cannot install a damn thing to the computer! What I want to do should be very simple: o Remove Dos o Use only Linux, taking up as much of my 81Mb (according to Dos 5.0 FDISK) as I can. o Install the base system, utils, LaTeX, sc, X, Seyon, Gnuplot, gcc, and f77. Maybe a few other progs as well.. o Start using it! At this point, all I've achieved is removing Dos from my system. I really need some step-by-step instructions on what to do. I feel like a total fool trying to install this silly mess, and I need a way to get out. If you can offer direct email support, I'll jump for it. If you'll volunteer hand-holding installation via telephone, I'll call you on my dime. I just don't want the $150 I spent on the SLS disks to go to waste! ------------------------------ From: Derek.Bischoff%f1.n3641.z1@psybbs.durham.nc.us (Derek Bischoff) Subject: Re: BBS package Date: 10 Sep 93 21:18:00 GMT -=> Quoting TDYLEW09-06-93 08:53ELPHI.COM to All <=- T> From: tdylew@news.delphi.com (TDYLEW@DELPHI.COM) T> Organization: General Videotex Corporation T> I was wondering if anybody here knew of a BBS package that has been T> ported to Linux. I found Eagle BBS, but it would require a couple T> hours of porting work to get up and running. I am looking for T> something that would be like a mess-dos setup, but allow higher level T> users to get to the shell. T> Tom SBBS is a fine, simple bbs that is mostly made up of shell scripts and simple C programs. If you can't find it on the net, it's on Compuserve, or you can get it from me. ------------------------------ From: Derek.Bischoff%f1.n3641.z1@psybbs.durham.nc.us (Derek Bischoff) Subject: Re: Bootdisk made by SLS install hangs during boot Date: 10 Sep 93 21:24:01 GMT CK> I've installed the SLS v.1.03 release on three machines. The two CK> listed above had the same trouble after installing, making a CK> bootdisk, and trying to boot from that bootdisk. The trouble that CK> came about was when I tried to boot from the bootdisk (5.25" floppy CK> drive A:). Just after it prints out that it's trying to detect CK> sound cards (one of the machines has no sound cards and the other CK> has a PAS), it just sits there and never goes on. Can anyone help CK> me get beyond this? I've been booting from the install disk and CK> telling LILO to go to the harddisk where it's installed but I'd CK> really like to get the boot floppy to work. The boot messages are CK> included at the bottom of this post. I am going to assume here that you have yourself a machine that is tested under dos for IRQ conflicts. CK> and then we sit and wait forever...... Hmmmm. sounds like a IRQ or IO conflict to me. Have you removed the card to see if that is the conflict? CK> (of course the machine without a soundcard does not print the CK> message about the PAS) Have you tried to recompile your kernel, w/o soundcard support? then do a make disk and try from there? goodluck. ... Sincerely, Derek ------------------------------ From: Derek.Bischoff%f1.n3641.z1@psybbs.durham.nc.us (Derek Bischoff) Subject: Re: BSD UNIX Date: 10 Sep 93 21:27:02 GMT -=> Quoting Denis Fortin to All <=- DF> From: fortin@zap.uniforum.qc.ca (Denis Fortin) DF> Organization: zap, Montreal, QC, Canada DF> In article DF> michaelv@iastate.edu (Michael L. VanLoon) writes: >Linux is a DF> completely different beast. [...] >Until recently, its networking was DF> not at all complete. They have recently >adopted Net/2, but it is DF> still somewhat buggy. DF> Actually, I recently discovered by reading one of the Linux FAQs that DF> Linux's Net-2 simply means "the second release of the Linux networking DF> code" and has nothing to do with Berkeley's Net/2 (which I originally DF> thought it was). And Denis, what are the bugs? I have as we speak Linux , running X running a CAD off of an HP 9000, and two appications from two sepparate SCO Systems. And I just finished looking at my mail. (not to mention the 30 Meg file I ftp'd from 1 of the SCO sights, and then sent it to a Sun in another building) ... Sincerely, Derek ------------------------------ From: Derek.Bischoff%f1.n3641.z1@psybbs.durham.nc.us (Derek Bischoff) Subject: Re: WANTED : FTP site for complete Linux package/utilities Date: 10 Sep 93 22:54:03 GMT 1 -=> Quoting Nikos Moutzouris to All <=- NM> From: nmou@leon.ncrps.ariadne-t.gr (Nikos Moutzouris) NM> Is there an ftp site from where I can get the complete linux soft NM> including any applications/utilities ??? I believe the best site is tsx-11.mit.edu in /pub/linux/INSTALL then grab INSTALL* ... Sincerely, Derek ------------------------------ From: Derek.Bischoff%f1.n3641.z1@psybbs.durham.nc.us (Derek Bischoff) Subject: Question on Proc Date: 10 Sep 93 23:05:04 GMT Fritz I have been working with SLS 1.0 for some time, and I have been very productive with it. Just one question though, what is a proc filesystem? It came up as an option in the kernel, and is enabled, but my proc directory and subs are empty. I obviously don't need it to run X, write programs, and use tcp/ip. ... Sincerely, Derek ------------------------------ From: bairds@flotsam.ee.pdx.edu (Scarrow) Subject: Re: SLS wont mount /proc Date: 13 Sep 1993 13:46:23 -0700 cole@concert.net (Derrick Cole) writes: >In article <26uf52$1fb@flotsam.ee.pdx.edu> bairds@flotsam.ee.pdx.edu (Scarrow) writes: >>Also, add a line for the swap partition if you have one. For example (from ^^^^ >>memory): ^^^^^^ [ ... blah ... ] >I thought it was >/dev/whatever none swap sw Need I say more? My Linux box is at work, so I can't get too specific when replying from somewhere else. Just check the man page and set things up according to that. :) -- Shawn L. Baird (Scarrow) | "By all means, take the moral high ground -- bairds@ursula.ee.pdx.edu | all that heavenly backlighting makes you a =========================| much easier target." ==Solomon Short ------------------------------ From: sens@FASECON.ECON.NYU.EDU (Sunando Sen) Subject: Re: Final: Keeping fs clean Date: Mon, 13 Sep 1993 20:54:47 GMT In article <1993Sep13.170226.1893@bmerh85.bnr.ca> mlord@bnr.ca (Mark Lord) writes: >In article <1993Sep11.191122.1@vax.sonoma.edu> levinson@vax.sonoma.edu writes: >... >>Make sure you use SHUTDOWN only!! reboot and halt do not cleanly exit your >>system. > >On my (SLACKWARE 1.02) system, reboot and halt are just links to shutdown, >*all* of which mark the fs as clean. But I use the svinit-2.4 package, which has three separate programs: shutdown, reboot and halt. Actually, reboot and halt are hard links. The manual says that shutdown is a frontend to reboot and halt, and one should not use the latter two programs directly. When you call shutdown, it executes the /etc/brc script, which has a line like `umount -a'... Sunando Sen ------------------------------ ** FOR YOUR REFERENCE ** The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is: Internet: Linux-Activists-Request@NEWS-DIGESTS.MIT.EDU You can send mail to the entire list (and comp.os.linux) via: Internet: Linux-Activists@NEWS-DIGESTS.MIT.EDU Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites: nic.funet.fi pub/OS/Linux tsx-11.mit.edu pub/linux tupac-amaru.informatik.rwth-aachen.de pub/msdos/replace The current version of Linux is 0.99pl9 released on April 23, 1993 End of Linux-Activists Digest ******************************