491 lines
18 KiB
HTML
491 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 -->
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title><sys/socket.h></title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white">
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<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../../jscript/dotcode.js">
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</script>
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<basefont size="3"> <a name="<sys/socket.h>"></a> <a name="tag_13_61"></a><!-- <sys/socket.h> -->
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<!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h4><a name="tag_13_61_01"></a>NAME</h4>
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<blockquote>sys/socket.h - main sockets header</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_13_61_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
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<blockquote class="synopsis">
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<p><tt>#include <sys/socket.h></tt></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_13_61_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the type <b>socklen_t</b>, which is an integer type of width of at least 32
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bits; see APPLICATION USAGE.</p>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the unsigned integer type <b>sa_family_t</b>.</p>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the <b>sockaddr</b> structure that includes at least the following
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members:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>sa_family_t sa_family </tt> Address family. <tt>
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char sa_data[] </tt> Socket address (variable-length data). <tt>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>The <b>sockaddr</b> structure is used to define a socket address which is used in the <a href=
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"../../functions/bind.html"><i>bind</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/connect.html"><i>connect</i>()</a>, <a href=
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"../../functions/getpeername.html"><i>getpeername</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/getsockname.html"><i>getsockname</i>()</a>,
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<a href="../../functions/recvfrom.html"><i>recvfrom</i>()</a>, and <a href="../../functions/sendto.html"><i>sendto</i>()</a>
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functions.</p>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the <b>sockaddr_storage</b> structure. This structure shall be:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Large enough to accommodate all supported protocol-specific address structures</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Aligned at an appropriate boundary so that pointers to it can be cast as pointers to protocol-specific address structures and
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used to access the fields of those structures without alignment problems</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The <b>sockaddr_storage</b> structure shall contain at least the following members:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>sa_family_t ss_family
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>When a <b>sockaddr_storage</b> structure is cast as a <b>sockaddr</b> structure, the <i>ss_family</i> field of the
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<b>sockaddr_storage</b> structure shall map onto the <i>sa_family</i> field of the <b>sockaddr</b> structure. When a
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<b>sockaddr_storage</b> structure is cast as a protocol-specific address structure, the <i>ss_family</i> field shall map onto a
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field of that structure that is of type <b>sa_family_t</b> and that identifies the protocol's address family.</p>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the <b>msghdr</b> structure that includes at least the following
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members:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>void *msg_name </tt> Optional address. <tt>
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socklen_t msg_namelen </tt> Size of address. <tt>
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struct iovec *msg_iov </tt> Scatter/gather array. <tt>
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int msg_iovlen </tt> Members in <i>msg_iov</i>. <tt>
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void *msg_control </tt> Ancillary data; see below. <tt>
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socklen_t msg_controllen </tt> Ancillary data buffer <i>len</i>. <tt>
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int msg_flags </tt> Flags on received message. <tt>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>The <b>msghdr</b> structure is used to minimize the number of directly supplied parameters to the <a href=
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"../../functions/recvmsg.html"><i>recvmsg</i>()</a> and <a href="../../functions/sendmsg.html"><i>sendmsg</i>()</a> functions. This
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structure is used as a <i>value</i>- <i>result</i> parameter in the <a href="../../functions/recvmsg.html"><i>recvmsg</i>()</a>
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function and <i>value</i> only for the <a href="../../functions/sendmsg.html"><i>sendmsg</i>()</a> function.</p>
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<p>The <b>iovec</b> structure shall be defined as described in <a href="../sys/uio.h.html#tag_13_68"><i><sys/uio.h></i></a>
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.</p>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the <b>cmsghdr</b> structure that includes at least the following
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members:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>socklen_t cmsg_len </tt> Data byte count, including the <b>cmsghdr</b>. <tt>
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int cmsg_level </tt> Originating protocol. <tt>
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int cmsg_type </tt> Protocol-specific type. <tt>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>The <b>cmsghdr</b> structure is used for storage of ancillary data object information.</p>
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<p>Ancillary data consists of a sequence of pairs, each consisting of a <b>cmsghdr</b> structure followed by a data array. The data
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array contains the ancillary data message, and the <b>cmsghdr</b> structure contains descriptive information that allows an
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application to correctly parse the data.</p>
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<p>The values for <i>cmsg_level</i> shall be legal values for the <i>level</i> argument to the <a href=
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"../../functions/getsockopt.html"><i>getsockopt</i>()</a> and <a href="../../functions/setsockopt.html"><i>setsockopt</i>()</a>
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functions. The system documentation shall specify the <i>cmsg_type</i> definitions for the supported protocols.</p>
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<p>Ancillary data is also possible at the socket level. The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header defines the following macro for use
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as the <i>cmsg_type</i> value when <i>cmsg_level</i> is SOL_SOCKET:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>SCM_RIGHTS</dt>
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<dd>Indicates that the data array contains the access rights to be sent or received.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header defines the following macros to gain access to the data arrays in the ancillary data
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associated with a message header:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>CMSG_DATA(<i>cmsg</i>)</dt>
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<dd><br>
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If the argument is a pointer to a <b>cmsghdr</b> structure, this macro shall return an unsigned character pointer to the data array
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associated with the <b>cmsghdr</b> structure.</dd>
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<dt>CMSG_NXTHDR(<i>mhdr,cmsg</i>)</dt>
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<dd><br>
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If the first argument is a pointer to a <b>msghdr</b> structure and the second argument is a pointer to a <b>cmsghdr</b> structure
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in the ancillary data pointed to by the <i>msg_control</i> field of that <b>msghdr</b> structure, this macro shall return a pointer
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to the next <b>cmsghdr</b> structure, or a null pointer if this structure is the last <b>cmsghdr</b> in the ancillary data.</dd>
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<dt>CMSG_FIRSTHDR(<i>mhdr</i>)</dt>
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<dd><br>
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If the argument is a pointer to a <b>msghdr</b> structure, this macro shall return a pointer to the first <b>cmsghdr</b> structure
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in the ancillary data associated with this <b>msghdr</b> structure, or a null pointer if there is no ancillary data associated with
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the <b>msghdr</b> structure.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the <b>linger</b> structure that includes at least the following
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members:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>int l_onoff </tt> Indicates whether linger option is enabled. <tt>
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int l_linger </tt> Linger time, in seconds. <tt>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macros, with distinct integer values:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>SOCK_DGRAM</dt>
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<dd>Datagram socket.</dd>
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<dt>SOCK_RAW</dt>
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<dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('RS')">RS</a>]</sup> <img src="../../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Raw Protocol Interface. <img src="../../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd>
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<dt>SOCK_SEQPACKET</dt>
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<dd>Sequenced-packet socket.</dd>
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<dt>SOCK_STREAM</dt>
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<dd>Byte-stream socket.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macro for use as the <i>level</i> argument of <a href=
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"../../functions/setsockopt.html"><i>setsockopt</i>()</a> and <a href=
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"../../functions/getsockopt.html"><i>getsockopt</i>()</a>.</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>SOL_SOCKET</dt>
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<dd>Options to be accessed at socket level, not protocol level.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macros, with distinct integer values, for use as the
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<i>option_name</i> argument in <a href="../../functions/getsockopt.html"><i>getsockopt</i>()</a> or <a href=
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"../../functions/setsockopt.html"><i>setsockopt</i>()</a> calls:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>SO_ACCEPTCONN</dt>
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<dd>Socket is accepting connections.</dd>
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<dt>SO_BROADCAST</dt>
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<dd>Transmission of broadcast messages is supported.</dd>
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<dt>SO_DEBUG</dt>
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<dd>Debugging information is being recorded.</dd>
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<dt>SO_DONTROUTE</dt>
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<dd>Bypass normal routing.</dd>
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<dt>SO_ERROR</dt>
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<dd>Socket error status.</dd>
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<dt>SO_KEEPALIVE</dt>
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<dd>Connections are kept alive with periodic messages.</dd>
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<dt>SO_LINGER</dt>
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<dd>Socket lingers on close.</dd>
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<dt>SO_OOBINLINE</dt>
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<dd>Out-of-band data is transmitted in line.</dd>
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<dt>SO_RCVBUF</dt>
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<dd>Receive buffer size.</dd>
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<dt>SO_RCVLOWAT</dt>
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<dd>Receive ``low water mark''.</dd>
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<dt>SO_RCVTIMEO</dt>
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<dd>Receive timeout.</dd>
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<dt>SO_REUSEADDR</dt>
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<dd>Reuse of local addresses is supported.</dd>
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<dt>SO_SNDBUF</dt>
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<dd>Send buffer size.</dd>
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<dt>SO_SNDLOWAT</dt>
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<dd>Send ``low water mark''.</dd>
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<dt>SO_SNDTIMEO</dt>
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<dd>Send timeout.</dd>
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<dt>SO_TYPE</dt>
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<dd>Socket type.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macro as the maximum <i>backlog</i> queue length which may be
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specified by the <i>backlog</i> field of the <a href="../../functions/listen.html"><i>listen</i>()</a> function:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>SOMAXCONN</dt>
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<dd>The maximum <i>backlog</i> queue length.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macros, with distinct integer values, for use as the valid
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values for the <i>msg_flags</i> field in the <b>msghdr</b> structure, or the <i>flags</i> parameter in <a href=
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"../../functions/recvfrom.html"><i>recvfrom</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/recvmsg.html"><i>recvmsg</i>()</a>, <a href=
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"../../functions/sendmsg.html"><i>sendmsg</i>()</a>, or <a href="../../functions/sendto.html"><i>sendto</i>()</a> calls:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>MSG_CTRUNC</dt>
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<dd>Control data truncated.</dd>
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<dt>MSG_DONTROUTE</dt>
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<dd>Send without using routing tables.</dd>
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<dt>MSG_EOR</dt>
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<dd>Terminates a record (if supported by the protocol).</dd>
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<dt>MSG_OOB</dt>
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<dd>Out-of-band data.</dd>
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<dt>MSG_PEEK</dt>
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<dd>Leave received data in queue.</dd>
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<dt>MSG_TRUNC</dt>
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<dd>Normal data truncated.</dd>
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<dt>MSG_WAITALL</dt>
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<dd>Attempt to fill the read buffer.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macros, with distinct integer values:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>AF_INET</dt>
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<dd>Internet domain sockets for use with IPv4 addresses.</dd>
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<dt>AF_INET6</dt>
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<dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('IP6')">IP6</a>]</sup> <img src="../../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border=
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"0"> Internet domain sockets for use with IPv6 addresses. <img src="../../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd>
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<dt>AF_UNIX</dt>
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<dd>UNIX domain sockets.</dd>
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<dt>AF_UNSPEC</dt>
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<dd>Unspecified.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The <i><sys/socket.h></i> header shall define the following macros, with distinct integer values:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>SHUT_RD</dt>
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<dd>Disables further receive operations.</dd>
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<dt>SHUT_RDWR</dt>
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<dd>Disables further send and receive operations.</dd>
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<dt>SHUT_WR</dt>
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<dd>Disables further send operations.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>int accept(int, struct sockaddr *restrict, socklen_t *restrict);
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int bind(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
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int connect(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
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int getpeername(int, struct sockaddr *restrict, socklen_t *restrict);
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int getsockname(int, struct sockaddr *restrict, socklen_t *restrict);
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int getsockopt(int, int, int, void *restrict, socklen_t *restrict);
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int listen(int, int);
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ssize_t recv(int, void *, size_t, int);
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ssize_t recvfrom(int, void *restrict, size_t, int,
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struct sockaddr *restrict, socklen_t *restrict);
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ssize_t recvmsg(int, struct msghdr *, int);
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ssize_t send(int, const void *, size_t, int);
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ssize_t sendmsg(int, const struct msghdr *, int);
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ssize_t sendto(int, const void *, size_t, int, const struct sockaddr *,
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socklen_t);
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int setsockopt(int, int, int, const void *, socklen_t);
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int shutdown(int, int);
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int socket(int, int, int);
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int sockatmark(int);
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int socketpair(int, int, int, int[2]);
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>Inclusion of <i><sys/socket.h></i> may also make visible all symbols from <a href=
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"../../basedefs/sys/uio.h.html"><i><sys/uio.h></i></a>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<hr>
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<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
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<h4><a name="tag_13_61_04"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>To forestall portability problems, it is recommended that applications not use values larger than 2<sup><small>31</small></sup>
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-1 for the <b>socklen_t</b> type.</p>
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<p>The <b>sockaddr_storage</b> structure solves the problem of declaring storage for automatic variables which is both large enough
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and aligned enough for storing the socket address data structure of any family. For example, code with a file descriptor and
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without the context of the address family can pass a pointer to a variable of this type, where a pointer to a socket address
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structure is expected in calls such as <a href="../../functions/getpeername.html"><i>getpeername</i>()</a>, and determine the
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address family by accessing the received content after the call.</p>
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<p>The example below illustrates a data structure which aligns on a 64-bit boundary. An implementation-defined field
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<i>_ss_align</i> following <i>_ss_pad1</i> is used to force a 64-bit alignment which covers proper alignment good enough for needs
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of at least <b>sockaddr_in6</b> (IPv6) and <b>sockaddr_in</b> (IPv4) address data structures. The size of padding field
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<i>_ss_pad1</i> depends on the chosen alignment boundary. The size of padding field <i>_ss_pad2</i> depends on the value of overall
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size chosen for the total size of the structure. This size and alignment are represented in the above example by
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implementation-defined (not required) constants _SS_MAXSIZE (chosen value 128) and _SS_ALIGNMENT (with chosen value 8). Constants
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_SS_PAD1SIZE (derived value 6) and _SS_PAD2SIZE (derived value 112) are also for illustration and not required. The
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implementation-defined definitions and structure field names above start with an underscore to denote implementation private name
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space. Portable code is not expected to access or reference those fields or constants.</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>/*
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* Desired design of maximum size and alignment.
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*/
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#define _SS_MAXSIZE 128
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/* Implementation-defined maximum size. */
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#define _SS_ALIGNSIZE (sizeof(int64_t))
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/* Implementation-defined desired alignment. */
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<br>
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/*
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* Definitions used for sockaddr_storage structure paddings design.
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*/
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#define _SS_PAD1SIZE (_SS_ALIGNSIZE - sizeof(sa_family_t))
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#define _SS_PAD2SIZE (_SS_MAXSIZE - (sizeof(sa_family_t)+ \
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_SS_PAD1SIZE + _SS_ALIGNSIZE))
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struct sockaddr_storage {
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sa_family_t ss_family; /* Address family. */
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/*
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* Following fields are implementation-defined.
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*/
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char _ss_pad1[_SS_PAD1SIZE];
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/* 6-byte pad; this is to make implementation-defined
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pad up to alignment field that follows explicit in
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the data structure. */
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int64_t _ss_align; /* Field to force desired structure
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storage alignment. */
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char _ss_pad2[_SS_PAD2SIZE];
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/* 112-byte pad to achieve desired size,
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_SS_MAXSIZE value minus size of ss_family
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__ss_pad1, __ss_align fields is 112. */
|
|
};
|
|
</tt>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_13_61_05"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>None.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_13_61_06"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>None.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_13_61_07"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p><a href="../sys/uio.h.html#tag_13_68"><i><sys/uio.h></i></a> , the System Interfaces volume of
|
|
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../../functions/accept.html"><i>accept</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/bind.html"><i>bind</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/connect.html"><i>connect</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/getpeername.html"><i>getpeername</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/getsockname.html"><i>getsockname</i>()</a>,
|
|
<a href="../../functions/getsockopt.html"><i>getsockopt</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/listen.html"><i>listen</i>()</a>, <a
|
|
href="../../functions/recv.html"><i>recv</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/recvfrom.html"><i>recvfrom</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/recvmsg.html"><i>recvmsg</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/send.html"><i>send</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/sendmsg.html"><i>sendmsg</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/sendto.html"><i>sendto</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/setsockopt.html"><i>setsockopt</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/shutdown.html"><i>shutdown</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/socket.html"><i>socket</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/socketpair.html"><i>socketpair</i>()</a></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_13_61_08"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>First released in Issue 6. Derived from the XNS, Issue 5.2 specification.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <b>restrict</b> keyword is added to the prototypes for <a href="../../functions/accept.html"><i>accept</i>()</a>, <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/getpeername.html"><i>getpeername</i>()</a>, <a href="../../functions/getsockname.html"><i>getsockname</i>()</a>,
|
|
<a href="../../functions/getsockopt.html"><i>getsockopt</i>()</a>, and <a href=
|
|
"../../functions/recvfrom.html"><i>recvfrom</i>()</a>.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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