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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
Copyright &copy; 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<hr size="2" noshade>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_01"></a>NAME</h4>
<blockquote>msgsnd - XSI message send operation</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
<blockquote class="synopsis">
<div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt=
"[Option Start]" border="0"> #include &lt;<a href="../basedefs/sys/msg.h.html">sys/msg.h</a>&gt;<br>
<br>
int msgsnd(int</tt> <i>msqid</i><tt>, const void *</tt><i>msgp</i><tt>, size_t</tt> <i>msgsz</i><tt>, int</tt> <i>msgflg</i><tt>);
<img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div>
<tt><br>
</tt></blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>msgsnd</i>() function operates on XSI message queues (see the Base Definitions volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001,
<a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap03.html#tag_03_224">Section 3.224, Message Queue</a>). It is unspecified whether this function
interoperates with the realtime interprocess communication facilities defined in <a href=
"xsh_chap02_08.html#tag_02_08"><i>Realtime</i></a> .</p>
<p>The <i>msgsnd</i>() function shall send a message to the queue associated with the message queue identifier specified by
<i>msqid</i>.</p>
<p>The application shall ensure that the argument <i>msgp</i> points to a user-defined buffer that contains first a field of type
<b>long</b> specifying the type of the message, and then a data portion that holds the data bytes of the message. The structure
below is an example of what this user-defined buffer might look like:</p>
<pre>
<tt>struct mymsg {
long mtype; /* Message type. */
char mtext[1]; /* Message text. */
}
</tt>
</pre>
<p>The structure member <i>mtype</i> is a non-zero positive type <b>long</b> that can be used by the receiving process for message
selection.</p>
<p>The structure member <i>mtext</i> is any text of length <i>msgsz</i> bytes. The argument <i>msgsz</i> can range from 0 to a
system-imposed maximum.</p>
<p>The argument <i>msgflg</i> specifies the action to be taken if one or more of the following is true:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The number of bytes already on the queue is equal to <b>msg_qbytes</b>; see <a href=
"../basedefs/sys/msg.h.html"><i>&lt;sys/msg.h&gt;</i></a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The total number of messages on all queues system-wide is equal to the system-imposed limit.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>These actions are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>If (<i>msgflg</i> &amp; IPC_NOWAIT) is non-zero, the message shall not be sent and the calling thread shall return
immediately.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If (<i>msgflg</i> &amp; IPC_NOWAIT) is 0, the calling thread shall suspend execution until one of the following occurs:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The condition responsible for the suspension no longer exists, in which case the message is sent.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The message queue identifier <i>msqid</i> is removed from the system; when this occurs, <i>errno</i> shall be set equal to
[EIDRM] and -1 shall be returned.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The calling thread receives a signal that is to be caught; in this case the message is not sent and the calling thread resumes
execution in the manner prescribed in <a href="sigaction.html"><i>sigaction</i>()</a> .</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Upon successful completion, the following actions are taken with respect to the data structure associated with <i>msqid</i>; see
<a href="../basedefs/sys/msg.h.html"><i>&lt;sys/msg.h&gt;</i></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><b>msg_qnum</b> shall be incremented by 1.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>msg_lspid</b> shall be set equal to the process ID of the calling process.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>msg_stime</b> shall be set equal to the current time.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_04"></a>RETURN VALUE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Upon successful completion, <i>msgsnd</i>() shall return 0; otherwise, no message shall be sent, <i>msgsnd</i>() shall return
-1, and <i>errno</i> shall be set to indicate the error.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_05"></a>ERRORS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>msgsnd</i>() function shall fail if:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt>[EACCES]</dt>
<dd>Operation permission is denied to the calling process; see <a href="xsh_chap02_07.html#tag_02_07"><i>XSI Interprocess
Communication</i></a> .</dd>
<dt>[EAGAIN]</dt>
<dd>The message cannot be sent for one of the reasons cited above and (<i>msgflg</i> &amp; IPC_NOWAIT) is non-zero.</dd>
<dt>[EIDRM]</dt>
<dd>The message queue identifier <i>msgid</i> is removed from the system.</dd>
<dt>[EINTR]</dt>
<dd>The <i>msgsnd</i>() function was interrupted by a signal.</dd>
<dt>[EINVAL]</dt>
<dd>The value of <i>msqid</i> is not a valid message queue identifier, or the value of <i>mtype</i> is less than 1; or the value of
<i>msgsz</i> is less than 0 or greater than the system-imposed limit.</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_06"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
<blockquote>
<h5><a name="tag_03_396_06_01"></a>Sending a Message</h5>
<p>The following example sends a message to the queue identified by the <i>msqid</i> argument (assuming that value has previously
been set). This call specifies that an error should be reported if no message is available. The message size is calculated directly
using the <i>sizeof</i> operator.</p>
<pre>
<tt>#include &lt;sys/msg.h&gt;
...
int result;
int msqid;
struct message {
long type;
char text[20];
} msg;
<br>
msg.type = 1;
strcpy(msg.text, "This is message 1");
...
result = msgsnd(msqid, (void *) &amp;msg, sizeof(msg.text), IPC_NOWAIT);
</tt>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_07"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The POSIX Realtime Extension defines alternative interfaces for interprocess communication (IPC). Application developers who
need to use IPC should design their applications so that modules using the IPC routines described in <a href=
"xsh_chap02_07.html#tag_02_07"><i>XSI Interprocess Communication</i></a> can be easily modified to use the alternative
interfaces.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_08"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_09"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_10"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="xsh_chap02_07.html#tag_02_07"><i>XSI Interprocess Communication</i></a> , <a href=
"xsh_chap02_08.html#tag_02_08"><i>Realtime</i></a> , <a href="mq_close.html"><i>mq_close</i>()</a> , <a href=
"mq_getattr.html"><i>mq_getattr</i>()</a> , <a href="mq_notify.html"><i>mq_notify</i>()</a> , <a href=
"mq_open.html"><i>mq_open</i>()</a> , <a href="mq_receive.html"><i>mq_receive</i>()</a> , <a href=
"mq_send.html"><i>mq_send</i>()</a> , <a href="mq_setattr.html"><i>mq_setattr</i>()</a> , <a href=
"mq_unlink.html"><i>mq_unlink</i>()</a> , <a href="msgctl.html"><i>msgctl</i>()</a> , <a href="msgget.html"><i>msgget</i>()</a> ,
<a href="msgrcv.html"><i>msgrcv</i>()</a> , <a href="sigaction.html"><i>sigaction</i>()</a> , the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/sys/msg.h.html"><i>&lt;sys/msg.h&gt;</i></a></p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_11"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>First released in Issue 2. Derived from Issue 2 of the SVID.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_12"></a>Issue 5</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The note about use of POSIX Realtime Extension IPC routines has been moved from FUTURE DIRECTIONS to a new APPLICATION USAGE
section.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_396_13"></a>Issue 6</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The DESCRIPTION is updated to avoid use of the term &quot;must&quot; for application requirements.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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