582 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
582 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
From: Digestifier <Linux-Activists-Request@news-digests.mit.edu>
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To: Linux-Activists@news-digests.mit.edu
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Reply-To: Linux-Activists@news-digests.mit.edu
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Date: Thu, 26 Mar 92 23:15:09 EST
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Subject: Linux-Activists Digest #164
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Linux-Activists Digest #164, Volume #1 Thu, 26 Mar 92 23:15:09 EST
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Contents:
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Re: going faster than 38400... (Torbj|rn Lindgren)
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Exclusive use of devices on Linux? (Joel M. Hoffman)
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ps and the kernel (Dan Miner)
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Re: Linux-Activists Digest #150 (Erik Fichtner)
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Re: permissions (Drew Eckhardt)
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Re: ESDI disk with 1629 cyl (Drew Eckhardt)
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The Complete Includes (Steve Robbins)
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Re: How to use shared lib with GCC2.0? (Drew Eckhardt)
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Re: X386 - a unix platform xmindows (Drew Eckhardt)
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Re: ps and the kernel (Dennis Flaherty)
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Re: Questions - mtools, 0.95a Alpha Patches, Extended Partitions (Drew Eckhardt)
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suid shell scripts? and mail programs (Brian Mcbee)
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Re: SCSI problem w/seagate driver (Drew Eckhardt)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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From: tl@etek.chalmers.se (Torbj|rn Lindgren)
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Subject: Re: going faster than 38400...
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Date: 26 Mar 92 15:31:54 GMT
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In article <11752@ns-mx.uiowa.edu> williams@herky.cs.uiowa.edu (Kent Williams) writes:
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>From article <64259@apple.Apple.COM>, by erc@Apple.COM (Ed Carp):
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>> BTW, the formula for converting baud rate divisors is 115,200 / baud_rate.
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>> Works both ways, too...
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>
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>You can't run an asynchronous port reliably with a divisor of 1. It has
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>to do with how the chip samples the analog signal -- you need divide by 2
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>at least. So 57600 is about the upper limit on PC hardware. And with kernel
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>and interrupt latency, that's pushing it.
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If you read National Semiconductors (or any elses) databooks this is
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correct.. BUT it does work without problem at least between to 8250
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compatible UART's. But to use it you need to have 16550A (or
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compatible) with buffers so that the computer won't be overrun. I
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don't know if Linux 0.95a uses the buffers, but it shouldn't be
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impossible to add if it isn't there already.
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------------------------------
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From: joel@wam.umd.edu (Joel M. Hoffman)
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Subject: Exclusive use of devices on Linux?
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Date: 27 Mar 92 00:05:50 GMT
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What happens on Linux if two processes both try to use the same device
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at the same time? E.g., two processes, each tar'ing from the same
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floppy? Does the driver take care of this? Is it a problem?
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Likewise, what about serial ports?
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-Joel
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------------------------------
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From: dminer@mcs213e.cs.umr.edu (Dan Miner)
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Subject: ps and the kernel
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Date: 27 Mar 92 01:29:24 GMT
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Well, I'm trying to compile ps095 (on my roommate's computer).
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We applied the patches that came in the ps095.tar. That went
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ok. When we try to rebuild the kernel, gcc gets a fatal signal
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and aborts. The file it vomits on is fork.c and the signal
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number keeps changing (increasing). Can someone give us a
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clue?
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Thanks,
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Dan
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--
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=========================================================================
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Dan Miner email:
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dminer@cs.umr.edu (prefered)
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Computer Science S101908@UMRVMA.BITNET
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------------------------------
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From: techs@triton.unm.edu (Erik Fichtner)
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Subject: Re: Linux-Activists Digest #150
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Date: 27 Mar 92 01:41:42 GMT
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In article <1992Mar26.152744@hammer.Prime.COM> cummings@hammer.Prime.COM (Kevin Cummings) writes:
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>In article <1992Mar25.202614.7530@athena.mit.edu>, harvard!ames!amdcad!yarc!scott@EDDIE.MIT.EDU (Scott Beckstead) writes:
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>> Well I see a trend concerning DTK motherboards. We at Yarc have also had
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>> our shar of problems with DTK mother boards. I beleive this also concerned
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>> running I/O at high speeds. You should be able to draw your own conclusions
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>> at this point. DON'T RUN LINUX (or anything else for that matter) ON DTK.
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>> We did do a little investigation into the problem (we thought it was our fault)
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>> and discovered that the only motherboard in the world we had the problem with
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>> was (low and behold) DTK.
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>> .
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>
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>You mean I've been lucky running LINUX on my DTK-PEM2500 with NO MAJOR PROBLEMS,
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>386-DX running at 25MHz (IO bus at 10MHz)???? It's news to me. Perhaps you
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>can be a little more specific about your problems (CPU type, CPU speed,
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>IO bus speed, whether or not problems go away when not in TURBO mode,
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>whether or not you are using peripherals not designed for a 10MHz IO
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>bus, ... etc, etc, etc.).
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>
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I too have a DTK-PEM-2530 80386DX 25MHz with a 12.5MHz bus speed. Linux
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works fine in Turbo mode. The troubles I've been having with "HD Timeout"
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are all caused by a very cheap IDE hard disk controller card. The system works
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just fine with a newer, faster card.
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(In case you're curious, the HD Controller is talking to two Seagate 1144A
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drives and occasionally the system will "miss" an interrupt and things
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go haywire.)
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--
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Techs techs@triton.unm.edu
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Disclaimer: any inaccuracies are caused by the phase of the moon
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"...whaddya mean I ain't kind... Just not *your* kind!" - Megadeth
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------------------------------
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From: drew@cs.colorado.edu (Drew Eckhardt)
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Subject: Re: permissions
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Date: 27 Mar 92 02:06:30 GMT
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In article <1992Mar24.105719.5321@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au> pca306c@nella7.cc.monash.edu.au (E Elu) writes:
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>After reading the various news items on the recommended directory layout
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>and contents for Linux, I have gotten myself quite confused trying to work
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>out what the correct permissions, owners and groups should be for the
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>various directories and standard distribution files. It took me quite some
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>time to get everything to a state where some other user than root could login
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>and do anything !!
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>
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>Has any one got a document that suggests how the permissions of a Unix systems
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>should be set for starters?
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>
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>The /etc /dev/ and /bin directories and files are the ones I am having the
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>most trouble with.
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>
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MOST Directory permissions :
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should be
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755 - read / write / execute owner, read / execute everyone else
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/tmp and /usr/tmp should be 1777 - sticky, read / write / execute all.
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Sticky keeps people from deleting files they don't own.
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Executables should probably be 555, read / execute all, unless they
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are setuid. Many people like to make mount / umount setuid to
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root so that "normal" people can run them. The best thing to
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do there is to make the permissions on mount / umount
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u+s 750 , owner root, group wheel, and put yourself in group wheel.
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/dev
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terminals, etc should probably be rw all - ie 666, hard disks 600,
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floppies 666.
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------------------------------
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From: drew@cs.colorado.edu (Drew Eckhardt)
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Subject: Re: ESDI disk with 1629 cyl
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Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1992 02:24:47 GMT
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In article <1992Mar24.223607.27070@afterlife.ncsc.mil> aegoldm@afterlife.ncsc.mil (Arthur Goldman) writes:
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>Dilemma: I have a maxtor 600 MB drive with Ultrastor 12F esdi ctrlr.
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>The controller offers me track mapping, which, when invoked, fools
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>(DOS) into thinking it only has 1024 cyl (increases sectors/trk
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>accordingly).
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>
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>BUT, Linux, like all other good Unix systems, won't run with the
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>controller in mapped mode. Thus, I can only use 300+/- MB of
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>my disk.
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>
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>Is there anything I/we can do to take advantage of the track
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>mapping? I assume one would have to use the controller's
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>BIOS in some way. right?/wrong?
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This depends if the mapping is done at the BIOS or hardware level. My guess
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would be at the BIOS level, since it doesn't work under Linux.
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>I'm willing to do some work myself - give me a place to start looking.
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You can hack hd.c to perform appropriate translations before issuing
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the commands to the controller.
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------------------------------
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From: Steve@nyongwa.cam.org (Steve Robbins)
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Subject: The Complete Includes
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Date: 26 Mar 92 10:09:44 EST
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Where are they?
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I'm having problems compiling stuff with gcc. I started out with gcc-1.40,
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stuck it in the right places and made the right links, but couldn't even
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#include <stdio.h> in my programs.
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I read that I needed the compiler sources to get the headers, so I ftp'd
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'em, and gcc2.0 at the same time. I installed the newer compiler, which
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came with a stdio header, but now compiles fail when the program wants to
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include other stuff, particularly <dirent.h>. This file exists in gcc2.0's
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private includes directory, but then dirent.h includes sys/dirent.h, which
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I can't find anywhere, not even with the linux 0.95a sources.
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Another program I was trying to build wanted to include termio.h, which
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didn't exist, but termios.h did, so I changed the name, and it was happy I
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think.
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Is there a full set of standard include files somewhere, or at least a
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list of names, so I know what I'm missing (and hopefully where to find them)?
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P.S. If you post a reply to this, would you please mail a copy directly
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to me as well? My news feed misses about 98% of the articles posted here.
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--
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Steve Robbins -- iconoclast at large
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"If voting could change the system, it would be illegal."
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steve@nyongwa.cam.org - or - uunet!nyongwa.cam.org!steve
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------------------------------
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From: drew@cs.colorado.edu (Drew Eckhardt)
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Subject: Re: How to use shared lib with GCC2.0?
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Date: 27 Mar 92 02:43:24 GMT
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In article <1992Mar25.005149.183@athena.mit.edu> dhl@wet.net.netcom.com (Dahai Li) writes:
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>Hello, every one,
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>
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>I know someone has asked this question before, and I read the replies. But
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>I still make it work.
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>
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>Then I compiled a a simple "main(){puts("Hello, world!")}" program, by
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>calling "gcc hello.c" command. (This gcc is from gcc2 package, not newgcc).
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>The size of file "a.out" is 30,722.
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>
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>Then I copied the gcc lib files to the directory "/lib", and compiled the
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>program again, (and removed the "a.out" file) and compiled the program
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>again. Its size is the same as before, not "~5k" as mentioned in one of the
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>replies to the previous help request to shared lib.
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>
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>I am terribly confused about people's comments on the contents in directory
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>"/lib", one reply says:
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> "shared library itself must be in /lib"
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>another one says:
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> ".. copy /usr/gcc2/shared/lib/lib92.03.15 (or whatever the date
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> is)"
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>and another one says:
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>
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> "/lib/what_this_version_of_the_shared_libraray_is_as_specified_in_crt0"
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>
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>Are shared libary (libaries) in different files than the static ones, I saw
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>the "inst2.0" script linking "/usr/lib/shared/*" and "/usr/lib/static/*"
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>to the same files?
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>
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This has to do with how shared libraries are currently implemented in
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Linux.
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The top 4MB of a process's address space is reserved for shared
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libraries. Any references to this address space will result in the
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shared library being demmand paged into this area, just like a
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normal executable.
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When you link with a library under /usr/lib/shared, the addresses in that
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library point to areas in that top 4MB. The libraries here are
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"stubs" so to speak, and have no actual code.
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The /lib/lib92.03.16 or whatever file (the version of the shared
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library is maintained in crt0.{s,o} is the actual code
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which gets page faulted in.
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Both the actual binary, and shread library stubs must be present
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for shared libraries to work.
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address space as a normal executable is.
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------------------------------
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From: drew@cs.colorado.edu (Drew Eckhardt)
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Subject: Re: X386 - a unix platform xmindows
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Date: 27 Mar 92 02:49:53 GMT
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In article <4606@umriscc.isc.umr.edu> dminer@mcs213d.cs.umr.edu (Dan Miner) writes:
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>
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> I've heard about this xmindows (called X386?) that works on
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>many of the other unix(s) out there. Has anyone heard of this too?
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>I've been wanting something like xmindows, actually anything that
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>will let be display graphics. (I don't know enough about any unix
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>to figure out how to access and modify the IO prevl. map for the
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>386)
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X windows is an interaction between "client" processes (ie
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xterm, xbiff, etc) and a server. X386 is the xserver for 386 unixes.
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Also, you can do graphics if you have used obz's mmap(2) patches,
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by mapping the frame buffer into user memory. Bank switching, etc
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can be done through writing to /dev/port.
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> I've found just about very thing on linux that my DOS
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>can do except graphics... (DOS has better interfaces for word
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>processing about I can live without it for now... :)
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>
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>PS. I think it is written entirely in assembly.
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>
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hardly. A VERY small portion of the device dependant code
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(/src/mit/server/ddx/x386/drivers from the stock X11R5 distribution)
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is written in assembler, and then only the bank switching code.
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------------------------------
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From: dflahert@davinci.helios.nd.edu (Dennis Flaherty)
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Subject: Re: ps and the kernel
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Date: 27 Mar 92 03:14:19 GMT
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In article <4642@umriscc.isc.umr.edu> dminer@mcs213e.cs.umr.edu (Dan Miner) writes:
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>
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> Well, I'm trying to compile ps095 (on my roommate's computer).
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> We applied the patches that came in the ps095.tar. That went
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> ok. When we try to rebuild the kernel, gcc gets a fatal signal
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> and aborts. The file it vomits on is fork.c and the signal
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> number keeps changing (increasing). Can someone give us a
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> clue?
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>
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> Thanks,
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> Dan
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You can't compile it with -finline-functions, for some reason. Or
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at least it compiled when I took out that option. In fact there are
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quite a few files in the kernel for which I had to switch compiler
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options. Also, there's a lingering d_entry in swap.c that should
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be removed, I think.
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And I'm not even sure I did it all right, because ps doesn't work
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for me-- it only displays the header line, and sometimes it complains
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about /dev/kmem.
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--
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Dennis T. Flaherty dflahert@chekov.helios.nd.edu
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U of Notre Dame Dept. of Electrical Engineering
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Notre Dame *tells* me what opinions to have.
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------------------------------
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From: drew@cs.colorado.edu (Drew Eckhardt)
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Subject: Re: Questions - mtools, 0.95a Alpha Patches, Extended Partitions
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Date: 27 Mar 92 03:01:52 GMT
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In article <1992Mar25.160630.27178@athena.mit.edu> apr%dec001.ziap.wtza-berlin.de@noc.belwue.de (Andreas Priebe) writes:
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>
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>Hi Linuxers,
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>
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>again some questions/remarks:
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>
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>
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>1.
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>MTOOLS:
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>I made in devices.c several entries for A and B (to read 360/720/1.2 in 1.2M
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>and 720/1.44 in 1.44MB drive).
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>A 1.2MB disk in a 1.2MD drive and 1.44 in 1.44 work very fast and without
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>any error messages.
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>Reading a 720k in an 1.44MB drive gives:
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>
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>floppy I/O error
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>dev 021c, block 9
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>Reset floppy called
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>floppy I/O error
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>dev 021c, block 9
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>Reset floppy called
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>
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>After that the normal mtools header (anyway I don't like that header,
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>to much information for a simple copy, but he tells me that 9 sectors
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>and all the other things are correctly recognized) appears and
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>the data (ie dir or copy) are correct.
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>Similiar results are obtained with 360k/720k in an 1.2MB drive, although the
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>number of "Reset floppy called" may differ.
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>The data don't seem to be corrupted.
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>
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>Is this the normal behaviour (I had this with 0.12 already!) - can't
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>I use several formats on one drive type?
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YES. This is normal behavior with Mtools. It tries every entry for
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A: or whatever in the devices.c? file (in the source), and when
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it gets an error it tries the next one. Set the devices up so
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that the first entry for A: or whatever is the most commonly
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used one.
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>
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>2.
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>Maybe I'm wrong, but should'nt compile at least the kernel _without_ any
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>warnings?
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Those are WARNINGS. Warnings mean "Hey, you may have done something stupid,
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but syntactically, it's correct. Just thought I'd let you know". gcc
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includes the functionality of lint with its warnings.
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>I applied the Alpha patches from Linus to 0.95a and get several (not too much,
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>but some warnings) (using gcc1.40) - ok its Alpha only, I know,
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>but I think its a priciple question.
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>BTW: It would have been nice, if somebody had mentioned to use patch
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>with "-l" (or is it assumed, that Alpha testers guess it themselves?).
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>With me the patches work, but sometimes with very hard disk traffic
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>(swapping during 2 parallel compilations and several background
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>"ls -lR / &") I get HD timeout which don't seem to corrupt the results.
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>
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I used patch -p0 < patches from the appropriate directory and it worked
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fine.
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As far as having parallel compilations, etc you probably shouldn't do it.
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With one build, you may swap a little on a typical 4M system,
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, but mostly you'll still be in
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real memory. With two, that won't be the case with limited
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amounts of ram. The rule of thumb is that disk is 1000 times slower than
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real memory.
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>
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>4.
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>Shouldn't create Linux a core-file after dieing a process with
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>segmentation fault ?
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No. The die() routine prints out some information, but no
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core dump is performed. Some one might want to
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implement core dumps now that we have a debugger.
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>5.
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>A shutdown script would be very nice. Anybody working on it or another
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>way to go to single user mode and back to multiuser?
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You want to fork() then exec() not just exec when running the
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init. That way kill -9 1 will take you into single user mode,
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as with any other "Real Unix"
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------------------------------
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From: mcbeeb@nyssa.CS.ORST.EDU (Brian Mcbee)
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Subject: suid shell scripts? and mail programs
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Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1992 03:19:38 GMT
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I've been messing around trying to get mail up on my machine. smail
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compiles fairly cleanly, and same for elm after I got all the programs
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necessary to run the configure script. I have a problem with local
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mail delivery, though. Anyone have a suggestion as to shere to get lmail?
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I tried writing lmail as a sh script. To make it work,wit has to run suid.
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However, even suid, I can't chown the mail file after appending a message
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to it. Is this a bug, or am I doing something wrong? My lmail is just:
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#!/bin/sh
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cat - >>/usr/spool/mail/$1
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chown $1 /usr/spool/mail/$1
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Any help appreciated.
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--
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Brian McBee mcbeeb@jacobs.cs.orst.edu or brianop@opac.UUCP
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"The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear
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arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in
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government." Thomas Jefferson
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------------------------------
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From: drew@cs.colorado.edu (Drew Eckhardt)
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Subject: Re: SCSI problem w/seagate driver
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Date: 27 Mar 92 03:28:55 GMT
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In article <1992Mar26.015549.26806@src.umd.edu> chad@src.umd.edu (R Michael McMahon) writes:
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>The seagate driver is not working on my system (386/7, Phoniex BIOS,
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>C&T chipset). I can boot with 0.95a without SCSI support, and have
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>no problems except the lack of a harddisk. Using the latest 0.95a
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>SCSI bootimage (ftp'ed on 3/23), here are the diagnostics:
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>
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>Host 0 is detected as a(n) Seagate ST-01/ST-02.
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>Seagate ST-0X SCSI dirver by Drew Ekhardt
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>$Header .....blah.... $
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>1 Host adapters detected
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>Detected SCSI disk at host 0, ID 0, lun 0
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>Detected SCSI disk at host 0, ID 1, lun 0
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>Detected 2 disks, 0 tapes total
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>Kernel panic: scsi_done() called with invalid host number
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>
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>(Note: I have a Quantum 105s and a Seagate 296N installed. The
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> panic occurs with either or both drives attached.)
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>
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>I have not moved any jumpers on the ST-02, meaning on-board BIOS is
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>at the default location, etc.
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>
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>Any help for this would be appreciated. In particular, is there a way
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>for me to recompile (or a place to ftp) a SCSI bootimage with full
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>debug options? I don't have a non-scsi HD in order to do this on
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>my system very easily.
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Every now and then, a few people have had problems with the bootable
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images for SCSI. I think 3 people have had an identical problem with
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the .95a images. The only "common" thing I've seen, and possible
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difference from my system is that no one is using shoelace.
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You might try the bootimage-0.12.seagate.3 Linux .12 bootimage,
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and make a root file system with shoelace and the kernel on it.
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As far as a debugging version of the kernel : I will upload
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a version compiled with debug flags to headrest.colorado.edu
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RSN.
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>I have access to the Adaptec driver written by James da Silva of U.M.
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>(he works upstairs!) for Minix. As soon as my Seagate is working, I
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>will work on porting James' driver to my Adaptec. Any others working
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>on this task, please send e-mail so we can collaborate.
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>
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Tommy Thorn tthorn@daimi.aau.dk is currently working on this,
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and in a post of his I saw today, it was promised "RSN"
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It looks like Wierdness has struck with Linux .95 - the larger
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kernel (compared to .12) + larger SCSI patches (seagate + ultrastor)
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move an area being stomped on to something noticeable. If you used
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every patch available with .12 together, you also noticed
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this problem.
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In some cases, Linux (the stock kernel) stomps on Kernel memory,
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and depending on who you are, something not noticeable / file_table[] / stack
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, etc. gets corrupted. In my case, it was file_table[] that
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was being stepped on, with SCSI drivers in place and "active",
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or with the initialization routine replaced by a return to eliminate
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any chance the SCSI drivers had for messing things up.
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The distribution SCSI kernel, or the kludge.diff moved this and made
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it go away.
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Also, if you are booting off of floppy without shoelace, BSS will be
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uninitialized, and is not guranteed to be all 0's. This
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may or may not effect Linux. I don't know what happens to BSS
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if you are using shoelace.
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------------------------------
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** FOR YOUR REFERENCE **
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The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests
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to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is:
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Internet: Linux-Activists-Request@NEWS-DIGESTS.MIT.EDU
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You can send mail to the entire list (and alt.os.linux) via:
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Internet: Linux-Activists@NEWS-DIGESTS.MIT.EDU
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Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites:
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nic.funet.fi pub/OS/Linux
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tsx-11.mit.edu pub/linux
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tupac-amaru.informatik.rwth-aachen.de pub/msdos/replace
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The current version of Linux is 0.95a released on March 17, 1992
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End of Linux-Activists Digest
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******************************
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