84 lines
4.6 KiB
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84 lines
4.6 KiB
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<!Converted with LaTeX2HTML 95.1 (Fri Jan 20 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE>4.8.2 Checking filesystems</TITLE>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html4130 HREF="node187.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4128 HREF="node184.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4124 HREF="node185.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4132 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4133 HREF="node250.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4131 HREF="node187.html">4.9 Using a swap </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4129 HREF="node184.html">4.8 Managing Filesystems</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4125 HREF="node185.html">4.8.1 Mounting filesystems</A>
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<BR> <HR> <P>
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<H2><A NAME=SECTION00682000000000000000>4.8.2 Checking filesystems</A></H2>
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<P>
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<A NAME=4947> </A>
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It is usually a good idea to check your filesystems for damage or
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corrupt files every now and then. Some systems automatically check their
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filesystems at boot time (with the appropriate commands in <tt>/etc/rc</tt>).
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<P>
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<A NAME=4984> </A>
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The command used to check a filesystem depends on the type of the
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filesystem in question. For ext2fs filesystems (the most commonly used
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type), this command is <tt>e2fsck</tt>. For example, the command
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<P><TT> # <em>e2fsck -av /dev/hda2</em>
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<P></TT>
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will check the ext2fs filesystem on <tt>/dev/hda2</tt> and automatically
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correct any errors.
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<P>
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<A NAME=4985> </A>
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<A NAME=4956> </A>
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<A NAME=4957> </A>
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It is usually a good idea to unmount a filesystem before checking
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it. For example, the command
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<P><TT> # <em>umount /dev/hda2</em>
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<P></TT>
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will unmount the filesystem on <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>, after which you
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can check it. The one exception is that you cannot unmount the root
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filesystem. In order to check the root filesystem when it's
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unmounted, you should use a maintenance boot/root diskette (see
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Section <A HREF="node192.html#secmaintdiskette">4.11.1</A>). You also cannot unmount a filesystem
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if any of the files in it are ``busy''---that is, being used by
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a running process. For example, you cannot unmount a filesystem if
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any user's current working directory is on that filesystem. You will
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receive a ``<tt>Device busy</tt>'' error if you attempt to unmount a
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filesystem which is in use.
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<P>
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<A NAME=4986> </A>
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<A NAME=4987> </A>
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<A NAME=4988> </A>
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Other filesystem types use different forms of the <tt>e2fsck</tt> command,
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such as <tt>efsck</tt> and <tt>xfsck</tt>. On some systems, you can simply use
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the command <tt>fsck</tt>, which will determine the filesystem type
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and execute the appropriate command.
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<P>
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<IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="(WARN)" SRC="bdt.gif">It is important that you reboot your system immediately
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after checking a mounted filesystem if any corrections were made to that
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filesystem. (However, in general, you shouldn't check filesystems while they
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are mounted.) For example, if <tt>e2fsck</tt> reports that it corrected
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any errors with the filesystem, you should immediately <tt>shutdown -r</tt>
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in order to reboot the system. This is to allow the system to
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re-sync its information about the filesystem when <tt>e2fsck</tt>
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modifies it.
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<P>
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The <tt>/proc</tt> filesystem never needs to be checked in
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this manner. <tt>/proc</tt> is a memory filesystem, managed directly
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by the kernel.
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<A NAME=4976> </A>
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<P>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html4130 HREF="node187.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4128 HREF="node184.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4124 HREF="node185.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4132 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4133 HREF="node250.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4131 HREF="node187.html">4.9 Using a swap </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4129 HREF="node184.html">4.8 Managing Filesystems</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4125 HREF="node185.html">4.8.1 Mounting filesystems</A>
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<BR> <HR> <P>
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<BR> <HR>
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<P><ADDRESS>
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<I>Matt Welsh <BR>
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mdw@sunsite.unc.edu</I>
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</ADDRESS>
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