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154 lines
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<!Converted with LaTeX2HTML 95.1 (Fri Jan 20 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE>5.3.2.1 Your network configuration</TITLE>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4462 HREF="node210.html">5.3.2.2 The networking rc </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4460 HREF="node208.html">5.3.2 Configuring TCP/IP on </A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4454 HREF="node208.html">5.3.2 Configuring TCP/IP on </A>
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<BR> <HR> <P>
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<H3><A NAME=SECTION00732100000000000000>5.3.2.1 Your network configuration</A></H3>
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<P>
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<A NAME=5735> </A>
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Before you can configure TCP/IP, you need to determine the following
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information about your network setup. In most cases, your local
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network administrator can provide you with this information.
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<UL><A NAME=5737> </A>
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<A NAME=5738> </A>
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<LI> IP address. This is the unique machine address in dotted-decimal
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format. An example is 128.253.153.54. Your network admins will
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provide you with this number.
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<P>
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If you're only configuring loopback mode (i.e. no SLIP, no ethernet
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card, just TCP/IP connections to your own machine) then your
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IP address is 127.0.0.1.
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<P>
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<A NAME=5739> </A>
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<A NAME=5740> </A>
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<LI> Your network mask (``netmask''). This is a dotted quad, similar
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to the IP address, which determines which portion of the IP address
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specifies the subnetwork number, and which portion specifies the host on
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that subnet. (If you're shaky on these TCP/IP networking terms, we
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suggest reading some introductory material on network administration.)
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The network mask
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is a pattern of bits, which when overlayed onto an address on your
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network, will tell you which subnet that address lives on. This is
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very important for routing, and if you find, for example, that you
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can happily talk to people outside your network, but not to some
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people within your network, there is a good chance that you have
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an incorrect mask specified.
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<P>
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Your network administrators will have chosen the netmask when the
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network was designed, and therefore they should be able to supply
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you with the correct mask to use. Most networks are class C
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subnetworks which use 255.255.255.0 as their netmask. Other Class B
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networks use 255.255.0.0. The NET-2 code will automatically select
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a mask that assumes no subnetting as a default if you do not specify one.
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<P>
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This applies as well to the loopback port. Since the
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loopback port's address is always 127.0.0.1, the netmask for
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this port is always 255.0.0.0. You can either specify this
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explicitly or rely on the default mask.
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<P>
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<A NAME=5741> </A>
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<A NAME=5742> </A>
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<LI> Your network address. This is your IP address masked bitwise-ANDed the
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netmask. For example, if your netmask is 255.255.255.0, and your IP address
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is 128.253.154.32, your network address is
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128.253.154.0. With a netmask of 255.255.0.0,
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this would be 128.253.0.0.
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<P>
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If you're only using loopback, you don't have a network address.
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<P>
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<A NAME=5743> </A>
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<A NAME=5744> </A>
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<LI> Your broadcast address.
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The broadcast address is used to broadcast packets to every machine on your
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subnet. Therefore, if the host number of machines on your subnet is
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given by the last byte of the IP address (netmask 255.255.255.0),
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your broadcast address will be your network address ORed with 0.0.0.255.
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<P>
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For example, if your IP address is 128.253.154.32, and your netmask is
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255.255.255.0, your broadcast address is 128.253.154.255.
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<P>
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Note that for historical reasons, some networks are setup to use
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the network address as the broadcast address, if you have any doubt,
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check with your network administrators. (In many cases, it will
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suffice to duplicate the network configuration of other machines on
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your subnet, substituting your own IP address, of course.)
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<P>
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If you're only using loopback, you don't have a broadcast address.
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<P>
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<A NAME=5745> </A>
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<A NAME=5746> </A>
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<LI> Your gateway address. This is the address of the machine which
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is your ``gateway'' to the outside world (i.e. machines not on your
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subnet). In many cases the gateway machine has an IP address
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identical to yours but with a ``.1'' as its host address; e.g., if
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your IP address is 128.253.154.32, your gateway might be
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128.253.154.1. Your network admins will provide you with the IP
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address of your gateway.
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<P>
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In fact, you may have multiple gateways. A <em>gateway</em> is
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simply a machine that lives on two different networks (has
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IP addresses on different subnets), and routes packets between
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them. Many networks have a single gateway to ``the outside
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world'' (the network directly adjacent to your own),
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but in some cases you will have multiple gateways---one for
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each adjacent network.
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<P>
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If you're only using loopback, you don't have a gateway address.
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The same is true if your network is isolated from all others.
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<P>
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<A NAME=5748> </A>
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<A NAME=5749> </A>
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<LI> Your nameserver address. Most machines on the net have a name
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server which translates hostnames into IP addresses for them.
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Your network admins will tell you the address of your name server.
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You can also run a server on your own machine by running
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<tt>named</tt>, in which case the nameserver address is 127.0.0.1.
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Unless you absolutely <em>must</em> run your own name server,
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we suggest using the one provided to you on the network (if
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any). Configuration of <tt>named</tt> is another issue altogether;
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our priority at this point is to get you talking to the network.
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You can deal with name resolution issues later.
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<P>
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If you're only using loopback, you don't have a nameserver
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address.
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</UL>
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<P>
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SLIP users: You may or may not require any of the above information,
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except for a nameserver address. When using SLIP, your IP address is
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usually determined in one of two ways: Either (a) you have a ``static''
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IP address, which is the same every time you connect to the network, or
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(b) you have a ``dynamic'' IP address, which is allocated from a pool
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available addresses when you connect to the server. In the following
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section on SLIP configuration this is covered in more detail.
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<P>
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NET-2 supports full routing, multiple routes, subnetworking (at
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this stage on byte boundaries only), the whole nine yards. The above
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describes most basic TCP/IP configurations. Yours may be quite
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different: when in doubt, consult your local network gurus and check
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out the man pages for <tt>route</tt> and <tt>ifconfig</tt>.
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Configuring TCP/IP networks is very much beyond the scope of
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this book; the above should be enough to get most people started.
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<P>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html4461 HREF="node210.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4459 HREF="node208.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4453 HREF="node208.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4463 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html4464 HREF="node250.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4462 HREF="node210.html">5.3.2.2 The networking rc </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4460 HREF="node208.html">5.3.2 Configuring TCP/IP on </A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html4454 HREF="node208.html">5.3.2 Configuring TCP/IP on </A>
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<BR> <HR> <P>
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<BR> <HR>
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<P><ADDRESS>
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<I>Matt Welsh <BR>
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mdw@sunsite.unc.edu</I>
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</ADDRESS>
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