500 lines
9.6 KiB
HTML
500 lines
9.6 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 -->
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>Codes</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white">
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<basefont size="3">
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<center><font size="2"><br>
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The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group</font></center>
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h5>Typographical Conventions</h5>
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The following typographical conventions are used throughout this standard. In the text, this standard is referred to as
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, which is technically identical to The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 6.
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<p>The typographical conventions listed here are for ease of reading only. Editorial inconsistencies in the use of typography are
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unintentional and have no normative meaning in this standard.</p>
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<center>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="3" align="center">
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<tr valign="top">
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<th align="center">
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<p><b>Reference</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p><b>Example</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p><b>Notes</b></p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Data Structure</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>aiocb</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Data Structure Member</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>aio_lio_opcode</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Data Type</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>long</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language External Variable</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>errno</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Function</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>system</i>()</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Function Argument</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>arg1</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Function Family</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>exec</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Header</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b><sys/stat.h></b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Keyword</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>return</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Macro with Argument</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>assert</i>()</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Macro with No Argument</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>INET_ADDRSTRLEN</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>C-Language Preprocessing Directive</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>#define</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Commands within a Utility</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>a</b>, <b>c</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Conversion Specification, Specifier/Modifier Character</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><tt>%A</tt>, <tt>g</tt>, <tt>E</tt></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>1</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Environment Variable</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>PATH</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Error Number</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>[EINTR]</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Example Output</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>Hello, World</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Filename</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>/tmp</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Literal Character</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><tt>'c'</tt>, <tt>'\r'</tt>, <tt>'\'</tt></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>2</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Literal String</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><tt>"abcde"</tt></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>2</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Optional Items in Utility Syntax</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>[]</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Parameter</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><<i>directory pathname</i>></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Special Character</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><newline></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>3</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Symbolic Constant</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>_POSIX_VDISABLE</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Symbolic Limit, Configuration Value</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>{LINE_MAX}</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>4</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Syntax</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><tt>#include <sys/stat.h></tt></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>User Input and Example Code</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><tt>echo Hello, World</tt></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p>5</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Utility Name</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>awk</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Utility Operand</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><i>file_name</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Utility Option</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>-c</b></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p>Utility Option with Option-Argument</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p><b>-w</b> <i>width</i></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</center>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Notes:</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Conversion specifications, specifier characters, and modifier characters are used primarily in date-related functions and
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utilities and the <i>fprintf</i> and <i>fscanf</i> formatting functions.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Unless otherwise noted, the quotes shall not be used as input or output. When used in a list item, the quotes are omitted. For
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literal characters, <tt>'\'</tt> (or any of the other sequences such as <tt>'''</tt> ) is the same as the C constant <tt>'\\'</tt>
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(or <tt>'\''</tt> ).</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The style selected for some of the special characters, such as <newline>, matches the form of the input given to the <a
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href="../utilities/localedef.html"><i>localedef</i></a> utility. Generally, the characters selected for this special treatment are
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those that are not visually distinct, such as the control characters <tab> or <newline>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Names surrounded by braces represent symbolic limits or configuration values which may be declared in appropriate headers by
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means of the C <b>#define</b> construct.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Brackets shown in this font, <tt>"[]"</tt> , are part of the syntax and do <i>not</i> indicate optional items. In syntax the
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<tt>'|'</tt> symbol is used to separate alternatives, and ellipses ( <tt>"..."</tt> ) are used to show that additional arguments
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are optional.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Shading is used to identify extensions and options; see .</p>
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<p>Footnotes and notes within the body of the normative text are for information only (informative).</p>
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<p>Informative sections (such as Rationale, Change History, Application Usage, and so on) are denoted by continuous shading bars in
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the margins.</p>
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<p>Ranges of values are indicated with parentheses or brackets as follows:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>(<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>) means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including neither <i>a</i> nor <i>b</i>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>[<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>] means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>[<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>) means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including <i>a</i>, but not <i>b</i>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>(<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>] means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including <i>b</i>, but not <i>a</i>.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Note:</b></dt>
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<dd>A symbolic limit beginning with POSIX is treated differently, depending on context. In a C-language header, the symbol
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POSIX<i>string</i> (where <i>string</i> may contain underscores) is represented by the C identifier _POSIX<i>string</i>, with a
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leading underscore required to prevent ISO C standard name space pollution. However, in other contexts, such as languages
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other than C, the leading underscore is not used because this requirement does not exist.</dd>
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</dl>
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->
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UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>
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POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>
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[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href=
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