684 lines
42 KiB
HTML
684 lines
42 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<basefont size="3"> <!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h2><a name="tag_01"></a>Introduction</h2>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_01"></a>Scope</h3>
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<p>The scope of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 is described in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_02"></a>Conformance</h3>
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<p>Conformance requirements for IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 are defined in the Base Definitions volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap02.html#tag_02">Chapter 2, Conformance</a>.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_03"></a>Normative References</h3>
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<p>Normative references for IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 are defined in the Base Definitions volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_04"></a>Change History</h3>
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<p>Change history is described in the Rationale (Informative) volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and in the CHANGE HISTORY
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section of reference pages.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_05"></a>Terminology</h3>
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<p>This section appears in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, but is repeated here for convenience:</p>
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<p>For the purposes of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, the following terminology definitions apply:</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_01"></a>can</h4>
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<p>Describes a permissible optional feature or behavior available to the user or application. The feature or behavior is mandatory
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for an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application can rely on the existence of the feature or
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behavior.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_02"></a>implementation-defined</h4>
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<p>Describes a value or behavior that is not defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 but is selected by an implementor. The value
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or behavior may vary among implementations that conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application should not rely on the
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existence of the value or behavior. An application that relies on such a value or behavior cannot be assured to be portable across
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conforming implementations.</p>
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<p>The implementor shall document such a value or behavior so that it can be used correctly by an application.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_03"></a>legacy</h4>
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<p>Describes a feature or behavior that is being retained for compatibility with older applications, but which has limitations
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which make it inappropriate for developing portable applications. New applications should use alternative means of obtaining
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equivalent functionality.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_04"></a>may</h4>
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<p>Describes a feature or behavior that is optional for an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An
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application should not rely on the existence of the feature or behavior. An application that relies on such a feature or behavior
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cannot be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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<p>To avoid ambiguity, the opposite of <i>may</i> is expressed as <i>need not</i>, instead of <i>may not</i>.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_05"></a>shall</h4>
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<p>For an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, describes a feature or behavior that is mandatory. An
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application can rely on the existence of the feature or behavior.</p>
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<p>For an application or user, describes a behavior that is mandatory.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_06"></a>should</h4>
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<p>For an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, describes a feature or behavior that is recommended but
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not mandatory. An application should not rely on the existence of the feature or behavior. An application that relies on such a
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feature or behavior cannot be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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<p>For an application, describes a feature or behavior that is recommended programming practice for optimum portability.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_07"></a>undefined</h4>
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<p>Describes the nature of a value or behavior not defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 which results from use of an invalid
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program construct or invalid data input.</p>
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<p>The value or behavior may vary among implementations that conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application should not
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rely on the existence or validity of the value or behavior. An application that relies on any particular value or behavior cannot
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be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_05_08"></a>unspecified</h4>
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<p>Describes the nature of a value or behavior not specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 which results from use of a valid
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program construct or valid data input.</p>
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<p>The value or behavior may vary among implementations that conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application should not
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rely on the existence or validity of the value or behavior. An application that relies on any particular value or behavior cannot
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be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_06"></a>Definitions</h3>
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<p>Concepts and definitions are defined in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_07"></a>Relationship to Other Formal Standards</h3>
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<p>Great care has been taken to ensure that this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 is fully aligned with the following
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standards:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>ISO C (1999)</dt>
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<dd><br>
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ISO/IEC 9899:1999, Programming Languages - C.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Parts of the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard (hereinafter referred to as the ISO C standard) are referenced to describe
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requirements also mandated by this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. Some functions and headers included within this volume
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of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 have a version in the ISO C standard; in this case CX markings are added as appropriate to
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show where the ISO C standard has been extended (see <a href="#tag_01_08_01">Codes</a> ). Any conflict between this volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 and the ISO C standard is unintentional.</p>
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<p>This volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 also allows, but does not require, mathematics functions to support
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IEEE Std 754-1985 and IEEE Std 854-1987.</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_08"></a>Portability</h3>
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<p>Some of the utilities in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 and functions in the System Interfaces
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volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 describe functionality that might not be fully portable to systems meeting the
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requirements for POSIX conformance (see the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap02.html#tag_02">Chapter 2, Conformance</a>).</p>
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<p>Where optional, enhanced, or reduced functionality is specified, the text is shaded and a code in the margin identifies the
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nature of the option, extension, or warning (see <a href="#tag_01_08_01">Codes</a> ). For maximum portability, an application
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should avoid such functionality.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_08_01"></a>Codes</h4>
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<p>Margin codes and their meanings are listed in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, but are repeated
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here for convenience:</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('ADV')">ADV</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Advisory Information <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the ADV margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the ADV margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('AIO')">AIO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Asynchronous Input and Output <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the AIO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the AIO margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('BAR')">BAR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Barriers <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the BAR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the BAR margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('BE')">BE</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Batch Environment Services and Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the BE margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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utility, the material is identified by use of the BE margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CD')">CD</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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C-Language Development Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the CD margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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utility, the material is identified by use of the CD margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CPT')">CPT</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Process CPU-Time Clocks <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the CPT margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the CPT margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CS')">CS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Clock Selection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the CS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the CS margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CX')">CX</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Extension to the ISO C standard <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is an extension to the ISO C standard. Application writers may make use of an extension as it is
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supported on all IEEE Std 1003.1-2001-conforming systems.</p>
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<p>With each function or header from the ISO C standard, a statement to the effect that "any conflict is unintentional" is
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included. That is intended to refer to a direct conflict. IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 acts in part as a profile of the
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ISO C standard, and it may choose to further constrain behaviors allowed to vary by the ISO C standard. Such limitations
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are not considered conflicts.</p>
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<p>Where additional semantics apply to a function or header, the material is identified by use of the CX margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('FD')">FD</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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FORTRAN Development Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the FD margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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utility, the material is identified by use of the FD margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('FR')">FR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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FORTRAN Runtime Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the FR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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utility, the material is identified by use of the FR margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('FSC')">FSC</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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File Synchronization <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the FSC margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the FSC margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('IP6')">IP6</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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IPV6 <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the IP6 margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the IP6 margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MC1')">MC1</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Advisory Information and either Memory Mapped Files or Shared Memory Objects <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]"
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border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>This is a shorthand notation for combinations of multiple option codes.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MC1 margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MC1 margin legend.</p>
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<p>Refer to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap01.html#tag_01_05_02">Section 1.5.2, Margin Code Notation</a>.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MC2')">MC2</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Memory Mapped Files, Shared Memory Objects, or Memory Protection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border=
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"0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>This is a shorthand notation for combinations of multiple option codes.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MC2 margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MC2 margin legend.</p>
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<p>Refer to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap01.html#tag_01_05_02">Section 1.5.2, Margin Code Notation</a>.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MF')">MF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Memory Mapped Files <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MF margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MF margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('ML')">ML</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Process Memory Locking <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the ML margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the ML margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MR')">MR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Range Memory Locking <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MLR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MLR margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MON')">MON</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Monotonic Clock <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MON margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MON margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MPR')">MPR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Memory Protection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MPR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MPR margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MSG')">MSG</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Message Passing <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MSG margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MSG margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MX')">MX</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> IEC
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60559 Floating-Point Option <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MX margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
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function, the material is identified by use of the MX margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OB')">OB</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Obsolescent <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described may be withdrawn in a future version of this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. Strictly
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Conforming POSIX Applications and Strictly Conforming XSI Applications shall not use obsolescent features.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, the material is identified by use of the OB margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OF')">OF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Output Format Incompletely Specified <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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The functionality described is an XSI extension. The format of the output produced by the utility is not fully specified. It is
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therefore not possible to post-process this output in a consistent fashion. Typical problems include unknown length of strings and
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unspecified field delimiters.</p>
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<p>Where applicable, the material is identified by use of the OF margin legend.</p>
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<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OH')">OH</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Optional Header <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
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In the SYNOPSIS section of some interfaces in the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 an included header is
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marked as in the following example:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OH')">OH</a>]</sup><img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
|
<img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0">
|
|
#include <grp.h>
|
|
struct group *getgrnam(const char *name);
|
|
</tt>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>The OH margin legend indicates that the marked header is not required on XSI-conformant systems.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('PIO')">PIO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Prioritized Input and Output <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the PIO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the PIO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('PS')">PS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Process Scheduling <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the PS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the PS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('RS')">RS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> Raw
|
|
Sockets <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the RS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the RS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('RTS')">RTS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Realtime Signals Extension <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the RTS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the RTS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SD')">SD</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Software Development Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the SD margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the SD margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SEM')">SEM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Semaphores <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SEM margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SEM margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SHM')">SHM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Shared Memory Objects <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SHM margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SHM margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SIO')">SIO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Synchronized Input and Output <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SIO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SIO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SPI')">SPI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Spin Locks <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SPI margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SPI margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SPN')">SPN</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Spawn <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SPN margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SPN margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SS')">SS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Process Sporadic Server <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TCT')">TCT</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread CPU-Time Clocks <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TCT margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TCT margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TEF')">TEF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace Event Filter <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TEF margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TEF margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('THR')">THR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Threads <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the THR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the THR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TMO')">TMO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Timeouts <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TMO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TMO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TMR')">TMR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Timers <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TMR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TMR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TPI')">TPI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Priority Inheritance <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TPI margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TPI margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TPP')">TPP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Priority Protection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TPP margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TPP margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TPS')">TPS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Execution Scheduling <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TPS margin legend for the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to
|
|
a function, the material is identified by use of the TPS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRC')">TRC</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TRC margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TRC margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRI')">TRI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace Inherit <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TRI margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TRI margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRL')">TRL</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace Log <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TRL margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TRL margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSA')">TSA</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Stack Address Attribute <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSA margin legend for the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to
|
|
a function, the material is identified by use of the TSA margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSF')">TSF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread-Safe Functions <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSF margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSF margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSH')">TSH</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Process-Shared Synchronization <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSH margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSH margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSP')">TSP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Sporadic Server <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSP margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSP margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSS')">TSS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Stack Address Size <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TYM')">TYM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Typed Memory Objects <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TYM margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TYM margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('UP')">UP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
User Portability Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the UP margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the UP margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Extension <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is an XSI extension. Functionality marked XSI is also an extension to the ISO C standard.
|
|
Application writers may confidently make use of an extension on all systems supporting the X/Open System Interfaces Extension.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If an entire SYNOPSIS section is shaded and marked XSI, all the functionality described in that reference page is an extension.
|
|
See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap03.html#tag_03_439">Section 3.439,
|
|
XSI</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSR')">XSR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
XSI STREAMS <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the XSR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the XSR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="tag_01_09"></a>Format of Entries</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The entries in <a href="xsh_chap03.html#tag_03"><i>System Interfaces</i></a> are based on a common format as follows. The only
|
|
sections relating to conformance are the SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, RETURN VALUE, and ERRORS sections.</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl compact>
|
|
<dt><b>NAME</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section gives the name or names of the entry and briefly states its purpose.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>SYNOPSIS</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section summarizes the use of the entry being described. If it is necessary to include a header to use this function, the
|
|
names of such headers are shown, for example:
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<tt>#include <stdio.h>
|
|
</tt>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>DESCRIPTION</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section describes the functionality of the function or header.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>RETURN VALUE</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section indicates the possible return values, if any.
|
|
|
|
<p>If the implementation can detect errors, "successful completion" means that no error has been detected during execution of the
|
|
function. If the implementation does detect an error, the error is indicated.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>For functions where no errors are defined, "successful completion" means that if the implementation checks for errors, no
|
|
error has been detected. If the implementation can detect errors, and an error is detected, the indicated return value is returned
|
|
and <i>errno</i> may be set.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>ERRORS</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section gives the symbolic names of the error values returned by a function or stored into a variable accessed through the
|
|
symbol <i>errno</i> if an error occurs.
|
|
|
|
<p>``No errors are defined" means that error values returned by a function or stored into a variable accessed through the symbol
|
|
<i>errno</i>, if any, depend on the implementation.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>EXAMPLES</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section is informative.
|
|
|
|
<p>This section gives examples of usage, where appropriate. In the event of conflict between an example and a normative part of
|
|
this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, the normative material is to be taken as correct.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>APPLICATION USAGE</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section is informative.
|
|
|
|
<p>This section gives warnings and advice to application writers about the entry. In the event of conflict between warnings and
|
|
advice and a normative part of this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, the normative material is to be taken as correct.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>RATIONALE</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section is informative.
|
|
|
|
<p>This section contains historical information concerning the contents of this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 and why
|
|
features were included or discarded by the standard developers.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section is informative.
|
|
|
|
<p>This section provides comments which should be used as a guide to current thinking; there is not necessarily a commitment to
|
|
adopt these future directions.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>SEE ALSO</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section is informative.
|
|
|
|
<p>This section gives references to related information.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><b>CHANGE HISTORY</b></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd><br>
|
|
This section is informative.
|
|
|
|
<p>This section shows the derivation of the entry and any significant changes that have been made to it.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
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</body>
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</html>
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