291 lines
9.9 KiB
HTML
291 lines
9.9 KiB
HTML
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<title>wc</title>
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<basefont size="3"> <a name="wc"></a> <a name="tag_04_169"></a><!-- wc -->
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<!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_01"></a>NAME</h4>
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<blockquote>wc - word, line, and byte or character count</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
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<blockquote class="synopsis">
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<p><code><tt>wc</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-c|-m</tt><b>][</b><tt>-lw</tt><b>][</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b></code></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>wc</i> utility shall read one or more input files and, by default, write the number of <newline>s, words, and bytes
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contained in each input file to the standard output.</p>
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<p>The utility also shall write a total count for all named files, if more than one input file is specified.</p>
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<p>The <i>wc</i> utility shall consider a <i>word</i> to be a non-zero-length string of characters delimited by white space.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>wc</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p>
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<p>The following options shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>-c</b></dt>
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<dd>Write to the standard output the number of bytes in each input file.</dd>
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<dt><b>-l</b></dt>
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<dd>Write to the standard output the number of <newline>s in each input file.</dd>
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<dt><b>-m</b></dt>
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<dd>Write to the standard output the number of characters in each input file.</dd>
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<dt><b>-w</b></dt>
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<dd>Write to the standard output the number of words in each input file.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>When any option is specified, <i>wc</i> shall report only the information requested by the specified options.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following operand shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><i>file</i></dt>
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<dd>A pathname of an input file. If no <i>file</i> operands are specified, the standard input shall be used.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The standard input shall be used only if no <i>file</i> operands are specified. See the INPUT FILES section.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The input files may be of any type.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>wc</i>:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><i>LANG</i></dt>
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<dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> for
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the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt>
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<dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt>
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<dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
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opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files) and which characters are defined as white space characters.</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt>
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<dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error and
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informative messages written to standard output.</dd>
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<dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt>
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<dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt=
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"[Option End]" border="0"></dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Default.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>By default, the standard output shall contain an entry for each input file of the form:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"%d %d %d %s\n", <</tt><i>newlines</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>words</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>bytes</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>file</i><tt>>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>If the <b>-m</b> option is specified, the number of characters shall replace the <<i>bytes</i>> field in this format.</p>
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<p>If any options are specified and the <b>-l</b> option is not specified, the number of <newline>s shall not be written.</p>
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<p>If any options are specified and the <b>-w</b> option is not specified, the number of words shall not be written.</p>
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<p>If any options are specified and neither <b>-c</b> nor <b>-m</b> is specified, the number of bytes or characters shall not be
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written.</p>
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<p>If no input <i>file</i> operands are specified, no name shall be written and no <blank>s preceding the pathname shall be
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written.</p>
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<p>If more than one input <i>file</i> operand is specified, an additional line shall be written, of the same format as the other
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lines, except that the word <b>total</b> (in the POSIX locale) shall be written instead of a pathname and the total of each column
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shall be written as appropriate. Such an additional line, if any, is written at the end of the output.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt> 0</dt>
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<dd>Successful completion.</dd>
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<dt>>0</dt>
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<dd>An error occurred.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Default.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<hr>
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<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <b>-m</b> option is not a switch, but an option at the same level as <b>-c</b>. Thus, to produce the full default output
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with character counts instead of bytes, the command required is:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>wc -mlw
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</tt>
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</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The output file format pseudo- <a href="../functions/printf.html"><i>printf</i>()</a> string differs from the System V version
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of <i>wc</i>:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"%7d%7d%7d %s\n"
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>which produces possibly ambiguous and unparsable results for very large files, as it assumes no number shall exceed six
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digits.</p>
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<p>Some historical implementations use only <space>, <tab>, and <newline> as word separators. The equivalent of
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the ISO C standard <a href="../functions/isspace.html"><i>isspace</i>()</a> function is more appropriate.</p>
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<p>The <b>-c</b> option stands for "character" count, even though it counts bytes. This stems from the sometimes erroneous
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historical view that bytes and characters are the same size. Due to international requirements, the <b>-m</b> option (reminiscent
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of "multi-byte") was added to obtain actual character counts.</p>
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<p>Early proposals only specified the results when input files were text files. The current specification more closely matches
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historical practice. (Bytes, words, and <newline>s are counted separately and the results are written when an end-of-file is
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detected.)</p>
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<p>Historical implementations of the <i>wc</i> utility only accepted one argument to specify the options <b>-c</b>, <b>-l</b>, and
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<b>-w</b>. Some of them also had multiple occurrences of an option cause the corresponding count to be written multiple times and
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had the order of specification of the options affect the order of the fields on output, but did not document either of these.
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Because common usage either specifies no options or only one option, and because none of this was documented, the changes required
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by this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 should not break many historical applications (and do not break any historical
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conforming applications).</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="cksum.html"><i>cksum</i></a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_169_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>First released in Issue 2.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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<hr>
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UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>
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POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>
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