648 lines
17 KiB
HTML
648 lines
17 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 -->
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>getdate</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white">
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<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js">
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</script>
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<basefont size="3"> <a name="getdate"></a> <a name="tag_03_216"></a><!-- getdate -->
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<!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h4><a name="tag_03_216_01"></a>NAME</h4>
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<blockquote>getdate - convert user format date and time</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_03_216_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
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<blockquote class="synopsis">
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<div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt=
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"[Option Start]" border="0"> #include <<a href="../basedefs/time.h.html">time.h</a>><br>
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<br>
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struct tm *getdate(const char *</tt><i>string</i><tt>); <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div>
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<tt><br>
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</tt></blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_03_216_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>getdate</i>() function shall convert a string representation of a date or time into a broken-down time.</p>
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<p>The external variable or macro <i>getdate_err</i> is used by <i>getdate</i>() to return error values.</p>
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<p>Templates are used to parse and interpret the input string. The templates are contained in a text file identified by the
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environment variable <i>DATEMSK .</i> The <i>DATEMSK</i> variable should be set to indicate the full pathname of the file that
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contains the templates. The first line in the template that matches the input specification is used for interpretation and
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conversion into the internal time format.</p>
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<p>The following conversion specifications shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><tt>%%</tt></dt>
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<dd>Equivalent to <tt>%</tt> .</dd>
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<dt><tt>%a</tt></dt>
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<dd>Abbreviated weekday name.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%A</tt></dt>
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<dd>Full weekday name.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%b</tt></dt>
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<dd>Abbreviated month name.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%B</tt></dt>
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<dd>Full month name.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%c</tt></dt>
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<dd>Locale's appropriate date and time representation.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%C</tt></dt>
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<dd>Century number [00,99]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%d</tt></dt>
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<dd>Day of month [01,31]; the leading 0 is optional.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%D</tt></dt>
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<dd>Date as <tt>%m</tt> / <tt>%d</tt> / <tt>%y</tt> .</dd>
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<dt><tt>%e</tt></dt>
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<dd>Equivalent to <tt>%d</tt> .</dd>
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<dt><tt>%h</tt></dt>
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<dd>Abbreviated month name.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%H</tt></dt>
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<dd>Hour [00,23].</dd>
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<dt><tt>%I</tt></dt>
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<dd>Hour [01,12].</dd>
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<dt><tt>%m</tt></dt>
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<dd>Month number [01,12].</dd>
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<dt><tt>%M</tt></dt>
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<dd>Minute [00,59].</dd>
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<dt><tt>%n</tt></dt>
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<dd>Equivalent to <newline>.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%p</tt></dt>
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<dd>Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%r</tt></dt>
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<dd>The locale's appropriate representation of time in AM and PM notation. In the POSIX locale, this shall be equivalent to
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<tt>%I</tt> : <tt>%M</tt> : <tt>%S</tt> <tt>%p</tt> .</dd>
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<dt><tt>%R</tt></dt>
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<dd>Time as <tt>%H</tt> : <tt>%M</tt> .</dd>
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<dt><tt>%S</tt></dt>
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<dd>Seconds [00,60]. The range goes to 60 (rather than stopping at 59) to allow positive leap seconds to be expressed. Since leap
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seconds cannot be predicted by any algorithm, leap second data must come from some external source.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%t</tt></dt>
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<dd>Equivalent to <tab>.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%T</tt></dt>
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<dd>Time as <tt>%H</tt> : <tt>%M</tt> : <tt>%S</tt> .</dd>
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<dt><tt>%w</tt></dt>
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<dd>Weekday number (Sunday = [0,6]).</dd>
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<dt><tt>%x</tt></dt>
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<dd>Locale's appropriate date representation.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%X</tt></dt>
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<dd>Locale's appropriate time representation.</dd>
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<dt><tt>%y</tt></dt>
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<dd>Year within century. When a century is not otherwise specified, values in the range [69,99] shall refer to years 1969 to 1999
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inclusive, and values in the range [00,68] shall refer to years 2000 to 2068 inclusive. <basefont size="2">
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Note:</b></dt>
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<dd>It is expected that in a future version of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 the default century inferred from a 2-digit year will
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change. (This would apply to all commands accepting a 2-digit year as input.)</dd>
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</dl>
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<basefont size="3"></dd>
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<dt><tt>%Y</tt></dt>
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<dd>Year as <tt>"ccyy"</tt> (for example, 2001).</dd>
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<dt><tt>%Z</tt></dt>
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<dd>Timezone name or no characters if no timezone exists. If the timezone supplied by <tt>%Z</tt> is not the timezone that
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<i>getdate</i>() expects, an invalid input specification error shall result. The <i>getdate</i>() function calculates an expected
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timezone based on information supplied to the function (such as the hour, day, and month).</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The match between the template and input specification performed by <i>getdate</i>() shall be case-insensitive.</p>
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<p>The month and weekday names can consist of any combination of upper and lowercase letters. The process can request that the
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input date or time specification be in a specific language by setting the <i>LC_TIME</i> category (see <a href=
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"setlocale.html"><i>setlocale</i>()</a> ).</p>
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<p>Leading zeros are not necessary for the descriptors that allow leading zeros. However, at most two digits are allowed for those
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descriptors, including leading zeros. Extra whitespace in either the template file or in <i>string</i> shall be ignored.</p>
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<p>The results are undefined if the conversion specifications <tt>%c</tt> , <tt>%x</tt> , and <tt>%X</tt> include unsupported
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conversion specifications.</p>
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<p>The following rules apply for converting the input specification into the internal format:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>If <tt>%Z</tt> is being scanned, then <i>getdate</i>() shall initialize the broken-down time to be the current time in the
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scanned timezone. Otherwise, it shall initialize the broken-down time based on the current local time as if <a href=
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"../functions/localtime.html"><i>localtime</i>()</a> had been called.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>If only the weekday is given, the day chosen shall be the day, starting with today and moving into the future, which first
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matches the named day.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>If only the month (and no year) is given, the month chosen shall be the month, starting with the current month and moving into
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the future, which first matches the named month. The first day of the month shall be assumed if no day is given.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>If no hour, minute, and second are given, the current hour, minute, and second shall be assumed.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>If no date is given, the hour chosen shall be the hour, starting with the current hour and moving into the future, which first
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matches the named hour.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If a conversion specification in the DATEMSK file does not correspond to one of the conversion specifications above, the
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behavior is unspecified.</p>
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<p>The <i>getdate</i>() function need not be reentrant. A function that is not required to be reentrant is not required to be
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thread-safe.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_03_216_04"></a>RETURN VALUE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Upon successful completion, <i>getdate</i>() shall return a pointer to a <b>struct tm</b>. Otherwise, it shall return a null
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pointer and set <i>getdate_err</i> to indicate the error.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_03_216_05"></a>ERRORS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>getdate</i>() function shall fail in the following cases, setting <i>getdate_err</i> to the value shown in the list
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below. Any changes to <i>errno</i> are unspecified.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>The <i>DATEMSK</i> environment variable is null or undefined.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The template file cannot be opened for reading.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Failed to get file status information.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The template file is not a regular file.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>An I/O error is encountered while reading the template file.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Memory allocation failed (not enough memory available).</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>There is no line in the template that matches the input.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Invalid input specification. For example, February 31; or a time is specified that cannot be represented in a <b>time_t</b>
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(representing the time in seconds since the Epoch).</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</blockquote>
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<hr>
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<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
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<h4><a name="tag_03_216_06"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>The following example shows the possible contents of a template:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>%m
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%A %B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S
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%A
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%B
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%m/%d/%y %I %p
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%d,%m,%Y %H:%M
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at %A the %dst of %B in %Y
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run job at %I %p,%B %dnd
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%A den %d. %B %Y %H.%M Uhr
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</tt>
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The following are examples of valid input specifications for the template in Example 1:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>getdate("10/1/87 4 PM");
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getdate("Friday");
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getdate("Friday September 18, 1987, 10:30:30");
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getdate("24,9,1986 10:30");
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getdate("at monday the 1st of december in 1986");
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getdate("run job at 3 PM, december 2nd");
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>If the <i>LC_TIME</i> category is set to a German locale that includes <i>freitag</i> as a weekday name and <i>oktober</i> as a
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month name, the following would be valid:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>getdate("freitag den 10. oktober 1986 10.30 Uhr");
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</tt>
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The following example shows how local date and time specification can be defined in the template:</p>
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<center>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="3" align="center">
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<tr valign="top">
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Invocation</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Line in Template</b></p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">getdate("11/27/86")</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%m/%d/%y</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">getdate("27.11.86")</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%d.%m.%y</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">getdate("86-11-27")</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%y-%m-%d</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">getdate("Friday 12:00:00")</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%A %H:%M:%S</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</center>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The following examples help to illustrate the above rules assuming that the current date is Mon Sep 22 12:19:47 EDT 1986 and the
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<i>LC_TIME</i> category is set to the default C locale:</p>
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<center>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="3" align="center">
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<tr valign="top">
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Input</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Line in Template</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Date</b></p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Mon</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%a</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Mon Sep 22 12:19:47 EDT 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Sun</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%a</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Sun Sep 28 12:19:47 EDT 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Fri</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%a</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Fri Sep 26 12:19:47 EDT 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">September</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%B</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Mon Sep 1 12:19:47 EDT 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">January</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%B</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Thu Jan 1 12:19:47 EST 1987</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">December</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%B</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Mon Dec 1 12:19:47 EST 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Sep Mon</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%b %a</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Mon Sep 1 12:19:47 EDT 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Jan Fri</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%b %a</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Fri Jan 2 12:19:47 EST 1987</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Dec Mon</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">%b %a</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Mon Dec 1 12:19:47 EST 1986</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent">Jan Wed 1989</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">%b %a %Y</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Wed Jan 4 12:19:47 EST 1989</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top">
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Fri 9</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">%a %H</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Fri Sep 26 09:00:00 EDT 1986</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top">
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Feb 10:30</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">%b %H:%S</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Sun Feb 1 10:00:30 EST 1987</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top">
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">10:30</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">%H:%M</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Tue Sep 23 10:30:00 EDT 1986</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top">
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">13:30</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">%H:%M</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td align="left">
|
|
<p class="tent">Mon Sep 22 13:30:00 EDT 1986</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</center>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_07"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>Although historical versions of <i>getdate</i>() did not require that <a href=
|
|
"../basedefs/time.h.html"><i><time.h></i></a> declare the external variable <i>getdate_err</i>, this volume of
|
|
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 does require it. The standard developers encourage applications to remove declarations of
|
|
<i>getdate_err</i> and instead incorporate the declaration by including <a href=
|
|
"../basedefs/time.h.html"><i><time.h></i></a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Applications should use <tt>%Y</tt> (4-digit years) in preference to <tt>%y</tt> (2-digit years).</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_08"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>In standard locales, the conversion specifications <tt>%c</tt> , <tt>%x</tt> , and <tt>%X</tt> do not include unsupported
|
|
conversion specifiers and so the text regarding results being undefined is not a problem in that case.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_09"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>None.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_10"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p><a href="ctime.html"><i>ctime</i>()</a> , <a href="localtime.html"><i>localtime</i>()</a> , <a href=
|
|
"setlocale.html"><i>setlocale</i>()</a> , <a href="strftime.html"><i>strftime</i>()</a> , <a href="times.html"><i>times</i>()</a> ,
|
|
the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/time.h.html"><i><time.h></i></a></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_11"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>First released in Issue 4, Version 2.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_12"></a>Issue 5</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>Moved from X/OPEN UNIX extension to BASE.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The last paragraph of the DESCRIPTION is added.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <tt>%C</tt> conversion specification is added, and the exact meaning of the <tt>%y</tt> conversion specification is
|
|
clarified in the DESCRIPTION.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A note indicating that this function need not be reentrant is added to the DESCRIPTION.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <tt>%R</tt> conversion specification is changed to follow historical practice.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_03_216_13"></a>Issue 6</h4>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>The DESCRIPTION is updated to refer to "seconds since the Epoch" rather than "seconds since 00:00:00 UTC (Coordinated
|
|
Universal Time), January 1 1970" for consistency with other <i>time</i> functions.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The description of <tt>%S</tt> is updated so that the valid range is [00,60] rather than [00,61].</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The DESCRIPTION is updated to refer to conversion specifications instead of field descriptors for consistency with other
|
|
functions.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
|
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