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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
Copyright &copy; 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<hr size="2" noshade>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_01"></a>NAME</h4>
<blockquote>scalb - load exponent of a radix-independent floating-point number</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
<blockquote class="synopsis">
<div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OB XSI')">OB XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt=
"[Option Start]" border="0"> #include &lt;<a href="../basedefs/math.h.html">math.h</a>&gt;<br>
<br>
double scalb(double</tt> <i>x</i><tt>, double</tt> <i>n</i><tt>); <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border=
"0"></tt></code></div>
<tt><br>
</tt></blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>scalb</i>() function shall compute <i>x</i>*<i>r<sup><small>n</small></sup></i>, where <i>r</i> is the radix of the
machine's floating-point arithmetic. When <i>r</i> is 2, <i>scalb</i>() shall be equivalent to <a href=
"ldexp.html"><i>ldexp</i>()</a> . The value of <i>r</i> is FLT_RADIX which is defined in <a href=
"../basedefs/float.h.html"><i>&lt;float.h&gt;</i></a>.</p>
<p>An application wishing to check for error situations should set <i>errno</i> to zero and call
<i>feclearexcept</i>(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these functions. On return, if <i>errno</i> is non-zero or
<i>fetestexcept</i>(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_04"></a>RETURN VALUE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Upon successful completion, the <i>scalb</i>() function shall return <i>x</i>*<i>r<sup><small>n</small></sup></i>.</p>
<p>If <i>x</i> or <i>n</i> is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.</p>
<p>If <i>n</i> is zero, <i>x</i> shall be returned.</p>
<p>If <i>x</i> is &plusmn;Inf and <i>n</i> is not -Inf, <i>x</i> shall be returned.</p>
<p>If <i>x</i> is &plusmn;0 and <i>n</i> is not +Inf, <i>x</i> shall be returned.</p>
<p>If <i>x</i> is &plusmn;0 and <i>n</i> is +Inf, a domain error shall occur, and either a NaN (if supported), or an
implementation-defined value shall be returned.</p>
<p>If <i>x</i> is &plusmn;Inf and <i>n</i> is -Inf, a domain error shall occur, and either a NaN (if supported), or an
implementation-defined value shall be returned.</p>
<p>If the result would cause an overflow, a range error shall occur and &plusmn;HUGE_VAL (according to the sign of <i>x</i>) shall
be returned.</p>
<p>If the correct value would cause underflow, and is representable, a range error may occur and the correct value shall be
returned.</p>
<p>If the correct value would cause underflow, and is not representable, a range error may occur, and 0.0 shall be returned.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_05"></a>ERRORS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The <i>scalb</i>() function shall fail if:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt>Domain&nbsp;Error</dt>
<dd>If <i>x</i> is zero and <i>n</i> is +Inf, or <i>x</i> is Inf and <i>n</i> is -Inf.
<p>If the integer expression (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then <i>errno</i> shall be set to [EDOM]. If the
integer expression (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the invalid floating-point exception shall be
raised.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Range&nbsp;Error</dt>
<dd>The result would overflow.
<p>If the integer expression (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then <i>errno</i> shall be set to [ERANGE]. If the
integer expression (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the overflow floating-point exception shall be
raised.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <i>scalb</i>() function may fail if:</p>
<dl compact>
<dt>Range&nbsp;Error</dt>
<dd>The result underflows.
<p>If the integer expression (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then <i>errno</i> shall be set to [ERANGE]. If the
integer expression (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the underflow floating-point exception shall be
raised.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_06"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_07"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Applications should use either <a href="../functions/scalbln.html"><i>scalbln</i>()</a>, <a href=
"../functions/scalblnf.html"><i>scalblnf</i>()</a>, or <a href="../functions/scalblnl.html"><i>scalblnl</i>()</a> in preference to
this function.</p>
<p>IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001 only defines the behavior for the <i>scalb</i>() function when the <i>n</i> argument is an
integer, a NaN, or Inf. The behavior of other values for the <i>n</i> argument is unspecified.</p>
<p>On error, the expressions (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERRNO) and (math_errhandling &amp; MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of
each other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_08"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_09"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_10"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="feclearexcept.html"><i>feclearexcept</i>()</a> , <a href="fetestexcept.html"><i>fetestexcept</i>()</a> , <a href=
"ilogb.html"><i>ilogb</i>()</a> , <a href="ldexp.html"><i>ldexp</i>()</a> , <a href="logb.html"><i>logb</i>()</a> , <a href=
"scalbln.html"><i>scalbln</i>()</a> , the Base Definitions volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001, <a href=
"../basedefs/xbd_chap04.html#tag_04_18">Section 4.18, Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions</a>, <a href=
"../basedefs/float.h.html"><i>&lt;float.h&gt;</i></a>, <a href="../basedefs/math.h.html"><i>&lt;math.h&gt;</i></a></p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_11"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>First released in Issue 4, Version 2.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_12"></a>Issue 5</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Moved from X/OPEN UNIX extension to BASE.</p>
<p>The DESCRIPTION is updated to indicate how an application should check for an error. This text was previously published in the
APPLICATION USAGE section.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_03_615_13"></a>Issue 6</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>This function is marked obsolescent.</p>
<p>Although this function is not part of the ISO/IEC&nbsp;9899:1999 standard, the RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections are updated to
align with the error handling in the ISO/IEC&nbsp;9899:1999 standard.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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