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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
Copyright &copy; 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<hr size="2" noshade>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_01"></a>NAME</h4>
<blockquote>readonly - set the readonly attribute for variables</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
<blockquote class="synopsis">
<p><code><tt>readonly name</tt><b>[</b><tt>=</tt><i>word</i><b>]</b><tt>...<br>
<br>
readonly -p<br>
</tt></code></p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The variables whose <i>name</i>s are specified shall be given the <i>readonly</i> attribute. The values of variables with the
<i>readonly</i> attribute cannot be changed by subsequent assignment, nor can those variables be unset by the <a href=
"../utilities/unset.html"><i>unset</i></a> utility.</p>
<p>The <i>readonly</i> special built-in shall support the Base Definitions volume of IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001, <a href=
"../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p>
<p>When <b>-p</b> is specified, <i>readonly</i> writes to the standard output the names and values of all read-only variables, in
the following format:</p>
<pre>
<tt>"readonly %s=%s\n", &lt;</tt><i>name</i><tt>&gt;, &lt;</tt><i>value</i><tt>&gt;
</tt>
</pre>
<p>if <i>name</i> is set, and</p>
<pre>
<tt>"readonly %s\n", &lt;</tt><i>name</i><tt>&gt;
</tt>
</pre>
<p>if <i>name</i> is unset.</p>
<p>The shell shall format the output, including the proper use of quoting, so that it is suitable for reinput to the shell as
commands that achieve the same value and <i>readonly</i> attribute-setting results in a shell execution environment in which:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Variables with values at the time they were output do not have the <i>readonly</i> attribute set.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Variables that were unset at the time they were output do not have a value at the time at which the saved output is reinput to
the shell.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>When no arguments are given, the results are unspecified.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Zero.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
<blockquote>
<pre>
<tt>readonly HOME PWD
</tt>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Some historical shells preserve the <i>readonly</i> attribute across separate invocations. This volume of
IEEE&nbsp;Std&nbsp;1003.1-2001 allows this behavior, but does not require it.</p>
<p>The <b>-p</b> option allows portable access to the values that can be saved and then later restored using, for example, a <a
href="../utilities/dot.html"><i>dot</i></a> script. Also see the RATIONALE for <a href="export.html#tag_04_49"><i>export</i></a>
for a description of the no-argument and <b>-p</b> output cases and a related example.</p>
<p>Read-only functions were considered, but they were omitted as not being historical practice or particularly useful. Furthermore,
functions must not be read-only across invocations to preclude ``spoofing'' (spoofing is the term for the practice of creating a
program that acts like a well-known utility with the intent of subverting the real intent of the user) of administrative or
security-relevant (or security-conscious) shell scripts.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>None.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_14"><i>Special Built-In Utilities</i></a></p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
<h4><a name="tag_04_118_22"></a>Issue 6</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.2 #203 is applied, clarifying the format when a variable is unset.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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