302 lines
9.5 KiB
HTML
302 lines
9.5 KiB
HTML
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>strings</title>
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<basefont size="3"> <a name="strings"></a> <a name="tag_04_133"></a><!-- strings -->
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<!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_01"></a>NAME</h4>
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<blockquote>strings - find printable strings in files</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
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<blockquote class="synopsis">
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<div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('UP')">UP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt=
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"[Option Start]" border="0"> strings</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-a</tt><b>][</b><tt>-t</tt> <i>format</i><b>][</b><tt>-n</tt>
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<i>number</i><b>][</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b><tt><img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>strings</i> utility shall look for printable strings in regular files and shall write those strings to standard output. A
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printable string is any sequence of four (by default) or more printable characters terminated by a <newline> or NUL
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character. Additional implementation-defined strings may be written; see <a href=
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"../utilities/localedef.html"><i>localedef</i></a>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>strings</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p>
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<p>The following options shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>-a</b></dt>
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<dd>Scan files in their entirety. If <b>-a</b> is not specified, it is implementation-defined what portion of each file is scanned
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for strings.</dd>
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<dt><b>-n </b> <i>number</i></dt>
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<dd>Specify the minimum string length, where the <i>number</i> argument is a positive decimal integer. The default shall be 4.</dd>
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<dt><b>-t </b> <i>format</i></dt>
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<dd>Write each string preceded by its byte offset from the start of the file. The format shall be dependent on the single character
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used as the <i>format</i> option-argument:
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<dl compact>
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<dt><tt>d</tt></dt>
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<dd>The offset shall be written in decimal.</dd>
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<dt><tt>o</tt></dt>
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<dd>The offset shall be written in octal.</dd>
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<dt><tt>x</tt></dt>
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<dd>The offset shall be written in hexadecimal.</dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following operand shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><i>file</i></dt>
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<dd>A pathname of a regular file to be used as input. If no <i>file</i> operand is specified, the <i>strings</i> utility shall read
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from the standard input.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>See the INPUT FILES section.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The input files named by the utility arguments or the standard input shall be regular files of any format.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>strings</i>:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><i>LANG</i></dt>
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<dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> for
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the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt>
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<dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt>
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<dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
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opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files) and to identify printable strings.</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt>
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<dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
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error.</dd>
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<dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt>
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<dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt=
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"[Option End]" border="0"></dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Default.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Strings found shall be written to the standard output, one per line.</p>
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<p>When the <b>-t</b> option is not specified, the format of the output shall be:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"%s", <</tt><i>string</i><tt>>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>With the <b>-t o</b> option, the format of the output shall be:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"%o %s", <</tt><i>byte offset</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>string</i><tt>>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>With the <b>-t x</b> option, the format of the output shall be:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"%x %s", <</tt><i>byte offset</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>string</i><tt>>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>With the <b>-t d</b> option, the format of the output shall be:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"%d %s", <</tt><i>byte offset</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>string</i><tt>>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt> 0</dt>
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<dd>Successful completion.</dd>
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<dt>>0</dt>
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<dd>An error occurred.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Default.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<hr>
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<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>By default the data area (as opposed to the text, "bss", or header areas) of a binary executable file is scanned.
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Implementations document which areas are scanned.</p>
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<p>Some historical implementations do not require NUL or <newline> terminators for strings to permit those languages that do
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not use NUL as a string terminator to have their strings written.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Apart from rationalizing the option syntax and slight difficulties with object and executable binary files, <i>strings</i> is
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specified to match historical practice closely. The <b>-a</b> and <b>-n</b> options were introduced to replace the non-conforming
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<b>-</b> and <b>-</b> <i>number</i> options.</p>
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<p>The <b>-o</b> option historically means different things on different implementations. Some use it to mean " <i>offset</i> in
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decimal", while others use it as " <i>offset</i> in octal". Instead of trying to decide which way would be least objectionable,
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the <b>-t</b> option was added. It was originally named <b>-O</b> to mean "offset", but was changed to <b>-t</b> to be consistent
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with <a href="../utilities/od.html"><i>od</i></a>.</p>
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<p>The ISO C standard function <a href="../functions/isprint.html"><i>isprint</i>()</a> is restricted to a domain of
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<b>unsigned char</b>. This volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 requires implementations to write strings as defined by the
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current locale.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="localedef.html"><i>localedef</i></a> , <a href="nm.html"><i>nm</i></a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>First released in Issue 4.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_133_22"></a>Issue 6</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>This utility is marked as part of the User Portability Utilities option.</p>
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<p>The obsolescent SYNOPSIS is removed.</p>
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<p>The normative text is reworded to avoid use of the term "must" for application requirements.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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<hr>
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<center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->
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UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>
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POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>
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[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href=
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