260 lines
8.1 KiB
HTML
260 lines
8.1 KiB
HTML
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>tee</title>
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<basefont size="3"> <a name="tee"></a> <a name="tag_04_139"></a><!-- tee -->
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<!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_01"></a>NAME</h4>
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<blockquote>tee - duplicate standard input</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
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<blockquote class="synopsis">
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<p><code><tt>tee</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-ai</tt><b>][</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b></code></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>tee</i> utility shall copy standard input to standard output, making a copy in zero or more files. The <i>tee</i> utility
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shall not buffer output.</p>
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<p>If the <b>-a</b> option is not specified, output files shall be written (see <a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_04"><i>File
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Read, Write, and Creation</i></a> .</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>tee</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p>
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<p>The following options shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>-a</b></dt>
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<dd>Append the output to the files.</dd>
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<dt><b>-i</b></dt>
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<dd>Ignore the SIGINT signal.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following operands shall be supported:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><i>file</i></dt>
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<dd>A pathname of an output file. Processing of at least 13 <i>file</i> operands shall be supported.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The standard input can be of any type.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>tee</i>:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><i>LANG</i></dt>
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<dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> for
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the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt>
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<dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt>
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<dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
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opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).</dd>
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<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt>
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<dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
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error.</dd>
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<dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt>
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<dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
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Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt=
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"[Option End]" border="0"></dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Default, except that if the <b>-i</b> option was specified, SIGINT shall be ignored.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The standard output shall be a copy of the standard input.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>If any <i>file</i> operands are specified, the standard input shall be copied to each named file.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt> 0</dt>
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<dd>The standard input was successfully copied to all output files.</dd>
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<dt>>0</dt>
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<dd>An error occurred.</dd>
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</dl>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>If a write to any successfully opened <i>file</i> operand fails, writes to other successfully opened <i>file</i> operands and
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standard output shall continue, but the exit status shall be non-zero. Otherwise, the default actions specified in <a href=
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"xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_11"><i>Utility Description Defaults</i></a> apply.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<hr>
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<div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The <i>tee</i> utility is usually used in a pipeline, to make a copy of the output of some utility.</p>
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<p>The <i>file</i> operand is technically optional, but <i>tee</i> is no more useful than <a href=
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"../utilities/cat.html"><i>cat</i></a> when none is specified.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Save an unsorted intermediate form of the data in a pipeline:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>... | tee unsorted | sort > sorted
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</tt>
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</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The buffering requirement means that <i>tee</i> is not allowed to use ISO C standard fully buffered or line-buffered
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writes. It does not mean that <i>tee</i> has to do 1-byte reads followed by 1-byte writes.</p>
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<p>It should be noted that early versions of BSD ignore any invalid options and accept a single <tt>'-'</tt> as an alternative to
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<b>-i</b>. They also print a message if unable to open a file:</p>
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<pre>
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<tt>"tee: cannot access %s\n", <</tt><i>pathname</i><tt>>
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</tt>
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</pre>
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<p>Historical implementations ignore write errors. This is explicitly not permitted by this volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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<p>Some historical implementations use O_APPEND when providing append mode; others use the <a href=
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"../functions/lseek.html"><i>lseek</i>()</a> function to seek to the end-of-file after opening the file without O_APPEND. This
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volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 requires functionality equivalent to using O_APPEND; see <a href=
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"xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_04"><i>File Read, Write, and Creation</i></a> .</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>None.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01"><i>Introduction</i></a> , <a href="cat.html"><i>cat</i></a> , the System Interfaces volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../functions/lseek.html"><i>lseek</i>()</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>First released in Issue 2.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4><a name="tag_04_139_22"></a>Issue 6</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.2 #168 is applied.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
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<hr>
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<center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->
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UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>
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POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>
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[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href=
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"../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>
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