266 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
266 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
# 14.4 用户认证
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在开发Web应用过程中，用户认证是开发者经常遇到的问题，用户登录、注册、登出等操作，而一般认证也分为三个方面的认证
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- HTTP Basic和 HTTP Digest认证
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- 第三方集成认证：QQ、微博、豆瓣、OPENID、google、GitHub、facebook和twitter等
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- 自定义的用户登录、注册、登出，一般都是基于session、cookie认证
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beego目前没有针对这三种方式进行任何形式的集成，但是可以充分的利用第三方开源库来实现上面的三种方式的用户认证，不过后续beego会对前面两种认证逐步集成。
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## HTTP Basic和 HTTP Digest认证
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这两个认证是一些应用采用的比较简单的认证，目前已经有开源的第三方库支持这两个认证：
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```Go
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github.com/abbot/go-http-auth
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```
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下面代码演示了如何把这个库引入beego中从而实现认证：
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```Go
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package controllers
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import (
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"github.com/abbot/go-http-auth"
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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)
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func Secret(user, realm string) string {
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if user == "john" {
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// password is "hello"
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return "$1$dlPL2MqE$oQmn16q49SqdmhenQuNgs1"
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}
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return ""
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}
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type MainController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *MainController) Prepare() {
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a := auth.NewBasicAuthenticator("example.com", Secret)
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if username := a.CheckAuth(this.Ctx.Request); username == "" {
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a.RequireAuth(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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}
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}
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func (this *MainController) Get() {
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this.Data["Username"] = "astaxie"
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this.Data["Email"] = "astaxie@gmail.com"
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this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
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}
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```
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上面代码利用了beego的prepare函数，在执行正常逻辑之前调用了认证函数，这样就非常简单的实现了http auth，digest的认证也是同样的原理。
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## oauth和oauth2的认证
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oauth和oauth2是目前比较流行的两种认证方式，还好第三方有一个库实现了这个认证，但是是国外实现的，并没有QQ、微博之类的国内应用认证集成：
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```Go
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github.com/bradrydzewski/go.auth
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```
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下面代码演示了如何把该库引入beego中从而实现oauth的认证，这里以GitHub为例演示：
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1. 添加两条路由
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```Go
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beego.RegisterController("/auth/login", &controllers.GithubController{})
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beego.RegisterController("/mainpage", &controllers.PageController{})
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```
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2. 然后我们处理GithubController登陆的页面：
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```Go
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package controllers
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import (
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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"github.com/bradrydzewski/go.auth"
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)
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const (
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githubClientKey = "a0864ea791ce7e7bd0df"
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githubSecretKey = "a0ec09a647a688a64a28f6190b5a0d2705df56ca"
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)
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type GithubController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *GithubController) Get() {
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// set the auth parameters
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auth.Config.CookieSecret = []byte("7H9xiimk2QdTdYI7rDddfJeV")
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auth.Config.LoginSuccessRedirect = "/mainpage"
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auth.Config.CookieSecure = false
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githubHandler := auth.Github(githubClientKey, githubSecretKey)
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githubHandler.ServeHTTP(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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}
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```
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3. 处理登陆成功之后的页面
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```Go
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package controllers
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import (
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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"github.com/bradrydzewski/go.auth"
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"net/http"
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"net/url"
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)
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type PageController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *PageController) Get() {
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// set the auth parameters
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auth.Config.CookieSecret = []byte("7H9xiimk2QdTdYI7rDddfJeV")
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auth.Config.LoginSuccessRedirect = "/mainpage"
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auth.Config.CookieSecure = false
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user, err := auth.GetUserCookie(this.Ctx.Request)
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//if no active user session then authorize user
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if err != nil || user.Id() == "" {
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http.Redirect(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request, auth.Config.LoginRedirect, http.StatusSeeOther)
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return
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}
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//else, add the user to the URL and continue
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this.Ctx.Request.URL.User = url.User(user.Id())
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this.Data["pic"] = user.Picture()
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this.Data["id"] = user.Id()
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this.Data["name"] = user.Name()
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this.TplNames = "home.tpl"
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}
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```
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整个的流程如下，首先打开浏览器输入地址：
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图14.4 显示带有登录按钮的首页
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然后点击链接出现如下界面：
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图14.5 点击登录按钮后显示GitHub的授权页
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然后点击Authorize app就出现如下界面：
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图14.6 授权登录之后显示的获取到的GitHub信息页
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## 自定义认证
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自定义的认证一般都是和session结合验证的，如下代码来源于一个基于beego的开源博客：
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```Go
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//登陆处理
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func (this *LoginController) Post() {
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this.TplNames = "login.tpl"
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this.Ctx.Request.ParseForm()
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username := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("username")
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password := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("password")
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md5Password := md5.New()
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io.WriteString(md5Password, password)
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buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
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fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "%x", md5Password.Sum(nil))
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newPass := buffer.String()
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now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
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userInfo := models.GetUserInfo(username)
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if userInfo.Password == newPass {
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var users models.User
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users.Last_logintime = now
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models.UpdateUserInfo(users)
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//登录成功设置session
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sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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sess.Set("uid", userInfo.Id)
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sess.Set("uname", userInfo.Username)
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/")
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}
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}
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//注册处理
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func (this *RegController) Post() {
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this.TplNames = "reg.tpl"
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this.Ctx.Request.ParseForm()
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username := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("username")
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password := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("password")
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usererr := checkUsername(username)
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fmt.Println(usererr)
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if usererr == false {
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this.Data["UsernameErr"] = "Username error, Please to again"
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return
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}
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passerr := checkPassword(password)
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if passerr == false {
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this.Data["PasswordErr"] = "Password error, Please to again"
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return
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}
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md5Password := md5.New()
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io.WriteString(md5Password, password)
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buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
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fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "%x", md5Password.Sum(nil))
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newPass := buffer.String()
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now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
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userInfo := models.GetUserInfo(username)
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if userInfo.Username == "" {
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var users models.User
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users.Username = username
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users.Password = newPass
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users.Created = now
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users.Last_logintime = now
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models.AddUser(users)
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//登录成功设置session
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sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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sess.Set("uid", userInfo.Id)
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sess.Set("uname", userInfo.Username)
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/")
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} else {
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this.Data["UsernameErr"] = "User already exists"
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}
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}
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func checkPassword(password string) (b bool) {
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if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString("^[a-zA-Z0-9]{4,16}$", password); !ok {
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return false
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}
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return true
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}
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func checkUsername(username string) (b bool) {
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if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString("^[a-zA-Z0-9]{4,16}$", username); !ok {
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return false
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}
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return true
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}
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```
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有了用户登陆和注册之后，其他模块的地方可以增加如下这样的用户是否登陆的判断：
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```Go
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func (this *AddBlogController) Prepare() {
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sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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sess_uid := sess.Get("userid")
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sess_username := sess.Get("username")
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if sess_uid == nil {
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/admin/login")
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return
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}
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this.Data["Username"] = sess_username
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}
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```
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## links
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* [目录](<preface.md>)
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* 上一节: [表单及验证支持](<14.3.md>)
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* 下一节: [多语言支持](<14.5.md>)
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