276 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
276 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
# 14.4 使用者認證
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在開發 Web 應用過程中，使用者認證是開發者經常遇到的問題，使用者登入、註冊、登出等操作，而一般認證也分為三個方面的認證
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- HTTP Basic 和 HTTP Digest 認證
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- 第三方整合認證：QQ、微博、豆瓣、OPENID、google、GitHub、facebook 和 twitter 等
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- 自訂的使用者登入、註冊、登出，一般都是基於 session、cookie 認證
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beego 目前沒有針對這三種方式進行任何形式的整合，但是可以充分的利用第三方開源函式庫來實現上面的三種方式的使用者認證，不過後續 beego 會對前面兩種認證逐步整合。
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## HTTP Basic 和 HTTP Digest 認證
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這兩個認證是一些應用採用的比較簡單的認證，目前已經有開源的第三方函式庫支援這兩個認證：
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```Go
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github.com/abbot/go-http-auth
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```
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下面程式碼示範了如何把這個函式庫引入 beego 中從而實現認證：
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```Go
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package controllers
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import (
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"github.com/abbot/go-http-auth"
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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)
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func Secret(user, realm string) string {
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if user == "john" {
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// password is "hello"
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return "$1$dlPL2MqE$oQmn16q49SqdmhenQuNgs1"
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}
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return ""
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}
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type MainController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *MainController) Prepare() {
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a := auth.NewBasicAuthenticator("example.com", Secret)
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if username := a.CheckAuth(this.Ctx.Request); username == "" {
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a.RequireAuth(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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}
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}
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func (this *MainController) Get() {
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this.Data["Username"] = "astaxie"
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this.Data["Email"] = "astaxie@gmail.com"
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this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
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}
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```
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上面程式碼利用了 beego 的 prepare 函式，在執行正常邏輯之前呼叫了認證函式，這樣就非常簡單的實現了 http auth，digest 的認證也是同樣的原理。
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## oauth 和 oauth2 的認證
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oauth 和 oauth2 是目前比較流行的兩種認證方式，還好第三方有一個函式庫實現了這個認證，但是是國外實現的，並沒有 QQ、微博之類別的國內應用認證整合：
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```Go
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github.com/bradrydzewski/go.auth
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```
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下面程式碼示範了如何把該函式庫引入 beego 中從而實現 oauth 的認證，這裡以 GitHub 為例示範：
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1. 新增兩條路由
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```Go
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beego.RegisterController("/auth/login", &controllers.GithubController{})
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beego.RegisterController("/mainpage", &controllers.PageController{})
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```
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2. 然後我們處理 GithubController 登陸的頁面：
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```Go
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package controllers
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import (
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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"github.com/bradrydzewski/go.auth"
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)
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const (
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githubClientKey = "a0864ea791ce7e7bd0df"
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githubSecretKey = "a0ec09a647a688a64a28f6190b5a0d2705df56ca"
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)
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type GithubController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *GithubController) Get() {
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// set the auth parameters
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auth.Config.CookieSecret = []byte("7H9xiimk2QdTdYI7rDddfJeV")
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auth.Config.LoginSuccessRedirect = "/mainpage"
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auth.Config.CookieSecure = false
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githubHandler := auth.Github(githubClientKey, githubSecretKey)
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githubHandler.ServeHTTP(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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}
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```
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3. 處理登陸成功之後的頁面
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```Go
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package controllers
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import (
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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"github.com/bradrydzewski/go.auth"
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"net/http"
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"net/url"
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)
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type PageController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *PageController) Get() {
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// set the auth parameters
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auth.Config.CookieSecret = []byte("7H9xiimk2QdTdYI7rDddfJeV")
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auth.Config.LoginSuccessRedirect = "/mainpage"
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auth.Config.CookieSecure = false
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user, err := auth.GetUserCookie(this.Ctx.Request)
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//if no active user session then authorize user
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if err != nil || user.Id() == "" {
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http.Redirect(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request, auth.Config.LoginRedirect, http.StatusSeeOther)
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return
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}
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//else, add the user to the URL and continue
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this.Ctx.Request.URL.User = url.User(user.Id())
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this.Data["pic"] = user.Picture()
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this.Data["id"] = user.Id()
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this.Data["name"] = user.Name()
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this.TplNames = "home.tpl"
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}
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```
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整個的流程如下，首先開啟瀏覽器輸入地址：
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圖 14.4 顯示帶有登入按鈕的首頁
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然後點選連結出現如下介面：
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圖 14.5 點選登入按鈕後顯示 GitHub 的授權頁
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然後點選 Authorize app 就出現如下介面：
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圖 14.6 授權登入之後顯示的取得到的 GitHub 資訊頁
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## 自訂認證
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自訂的認證一般都是和 session 結合驗證的，如下程式碼來源於一個基於 beego 的開源部落格：
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```Go
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//登陸處理
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func (this *LoginController) Post() {
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this.TplNames = "login.tpl"
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this.Ctx.Request.ParseForm()
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username := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("username")
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password := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("password")
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md5Password := md5.New()
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io.WriteString(md5Password, password)
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buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
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fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "%x", md5Password.Sum(nil))
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newPass := buffer.String()
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now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
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userInfo := models.GetUserInfo(username)
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if userInfo.Password == newPass {
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var users models.User
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users.Last_logintime = now
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models.UpdateUserInfo(users)
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//登入成功設定 session
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sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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sess.Set("uid", userInfo.Id)
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sess.Set("uname", userInfo.Username)
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/")
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}
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}
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//註冊處理
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func (this *RegController) Post() {
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this.TplNames = "reg.tpl"
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this.Ctx.Request.ParseForm()
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username := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("username")
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password := this.Ctx.Request.Form.Get("password")
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usererr := checkUsername(username)
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fmt.Println(usererr)
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if usererr == false {
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this.Data["UsernameErr"] = "Username error, Please to again"
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return
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}
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passerr := checkPassword(password)
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if passerr == false {
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this.Data["PasswordErr"] = "Password error, Please to again"
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return
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}
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md5Password := md5.New()
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io.WriteString(md5Password, password)
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buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
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fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "%x", md5Password.Sum(nil))
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newPass := buffer.String()
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now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
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userInfo := models.GetUserInfo(username)
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if userInfo.Username == "" {
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var users models.User
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users.Username = username
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users.Password = newPass
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users.Created = now
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users.Last_logintime = now
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models.AddUser(users)
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//登入成功設定 session
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sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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sess.Set("uid", userInfo.Id)
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sess.Set("uname", userInfo.Username)
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/")
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} else {
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this.Data["UsernameErr"] = "User already exists"
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}
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}
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func checkPassword(password string) (b bool) {
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if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString("^[a-zA-Z0-9]{4,16}$", password); !ok {
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return false
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}
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return true
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}
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func checkUsername(username string) (b bool) {
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if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString("^[a-zA-Z0-9]{4,16}$", username); !ok {
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return false
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}
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return true
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}
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```
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有了使用者登陸和註冊之後，其他模組的地方可以增加如下這樣的使用者是否登陸的判斷：
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```Go
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func (this *AddBlogController) Prepare() {
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sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request)
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sess_uid := sess.Get("userid")
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sess_username := sess.Get("username")
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if sess_uid == nil {
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/admin/login")
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return
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}
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this.Data["Username"] = sess_username
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}
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```
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## links
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* [目錄](<preface.md>)
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* 上一節：[表單及驗證支援](<14.3.md>)
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* 下一節：[多語言支援](<14.5.md>)
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