7.6 KiB
1.1 Установка
3 способа установить Go
Существует несколько способов установить Go, можете выбирать, какой Вам больше нравится. 3 наиболее распространенных таковы:
- Установка из пакетов.
- Команда разработчиков Go предлагает установочные пакеты для Windows, Linux, Mac и других операционных систем. Это, вероятно, наиболее легкий путь.
- Установка из исходного кода.
- Это метод популярен среди разработчиков, которые знакомы с работой в Unix-подобных системах.
- Установка с использованием сторонних инструментов.
- Существует множество сторонних инструментов и менеджеров пакетов для установки Go, таких как apt-get в Ubuntu и homebrew для Mac.
В случае, если Вы собираетесь установить несколько версий Go на одном компьютере, советую Вам ознакомиться с инструментом GVM. Это лучший инструмент для решения этой задачи, который я когда-либо встречал. Впрочем, решать Вам.
Установка из исходного кода
Поскольку Go частично написан на Plan 9 C и AT&T assembler, Вам нужно установить компилятор C перед тем, как продолжить.
На Mac у Вас есть компилятор, если на компьютере уже установлен Xcode.
На Unix-подобных системах Вам нужно установить gcc или подобный ему компилятор. Например, используя пакетный менеджер apt-get, по умолчанию включенный в Ubuntu, можно установить требуемые пакеты следующей командой:
sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev
На Windows для установки gcc Вам нужно сначала установить MinGW. Не забудьте настроить переменные окружения после завершения установки. (*** Все, что выглядит таким образом - здесь и далее добавлено переводчиком на английский - если Вы используете 64-битную Windows, Вам нужно будет установить 64-битную версию MiniGW ***)
At this point, execute the following commands to clone the Go source code and compile it.( It will clone the source code to your current directory. Switch your work path before you continue. This may take some time. )
git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
cd go/src
./all.bash
A successful installation will end with the message "ALL TESTS PASSED."
On Windows, you can achieve the same by running all.bat.
If you are using Windows, the installation package will set your environment variables automatically. In Unix-like systems, you need to set these variables manually as follows. ( If your Go version is greater than 1.0, you don't have to set $GOBIN, and it will automatically be related to your $GOROOT/bin, which we will talk about in the next section)
export GOROOT=$HOME/go
export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
If you see the following information on your screen, you're all set.
Figure 1.1 Information after installing from source code
Once you see the usage information of Go, it means you have successfully installed Go on your computer. If it says "no such command", check that your $PATH environment variable contains the installation path of Go.
Using the standard installation packages
Go has one-click installation packages for every supported operating system. These packages will install Go in /usr/local/go (c:\Go in Windows) by default. Of course this can be modified, but you also need to change all the environment variables manually as I've shown above.
How to check if your operating system is 32-bit or 64-bit?
Our next step depends on your operating system type, so we have to check it before we download the standard installation packages.
If you are using Windows, press Win+R and then run the command tool. Type the systeminfo command and it will show you some useful system information. Find the line that says "system type" -if you see "x64-based PC" that means your operating system is 64-bit, 32-bit otherwise.
I strongly recommend downloading the 64-bit package if you are a Mac user, as Go no longer supports pure 32-bit processors on Mac OSX.
Linux users can type uname -a in the terminal to see system information.
A 64-bit operating system will show the following:
<some description> x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
// some machines such as Ubuntu 10.04 will show as following
x86_64 GNU/Linux
32-bit operating systems instead show:
<some description> i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
Mac
Go to the download page, choose go1.4.2.darwin-386.pkg for 32-bit systems and go1.4.2.darwin-amd64.pkg for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", ~/go/bin will be added to your system's $PATH after you finish the installation. Now open the terminal and type go. You should see the same output shown in igure 1.1.
Linux
Go to the download page, choose go1.4.2.linux-386.tar.gz for 32-bit systems and go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz for 64-bit systems. Suppose you want to install Go in the $GO_INSTALL_DIR path. Uncompress the tar.gz to your chosen path using the command tar zxvf go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR. Then set your $PATH with the following: export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin. Now just open the terminal and type go. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
Windows
Go to the download page, choose go1.4.2.windows-386.msi for 32-bit systems and go1.4.2.windows-amd64.msi for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", c:/go/bin will be added to path. Now just open a command line window and type go. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
Use third-party tools
GVM
GVM is a Go multi-version control tool developed by a third-party, like rvm for ruby. It's quite easy to use. Install gvm by typing the following commands in your terminal:
bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.github.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
Then we install Go using the following commands:
gvm install go1.4.2
gvm use go1.4.2
After the process has finished, you're all set.
apt-get
Ubuntu is the most popular desktop release version of Linux. It uses apt-get to manage packages. We can install Go using the following commands.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install golang-stable
Homebrew
Homebrew is a software management tool commonly used in Mac to manage packages. Just type the following commands to install Go.
brew install go
Links
- Directory
- Previous section: Go environment configuration
- Next section: $GOPATH and workspace