121 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
# 1.1 Установка
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## 3 способа установить Go
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Существует несколько способов установить Go, можете выбирать, какой Вам больше нравится. 3 наиболее распространенных таковы:
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- Установка из пакетов.
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- Команда разработчиков Go предлагает установочные пакеты для Windows, Linux, Mac и других операционных систем. Это, вероятно, наиболее легкий путь.
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- Установка из исходного кода.
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- Это метод популярен среди разработчиков, которые знакомы с работой в Unix-подобных системах.
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- Установка с использованием сторонних инструментов.
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- Существует множество сторонних инструментов и менеджеров пакетов для установки Go, таких как apt-get в Ubuntu и homebrew для Mac.
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В случае, если Вы собираетесь установить несколько версий Go на одном компьютере, советую Вам ознакомиться с инструментом [GVM](https://github.com/moovweb/gvm). Это лучший инструмент для решения этой задачи, который я когда-либо встречал. Впрочем, решать Вам.
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## Установка из исходного кода
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Поскольку Go частично написан на Plan 9 C и AT&T assembler, Вам нужно установить компилятор C перед тем, как продолжить.
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На Mac у Вас есть компилятор, если на компьютере уже установлен Xcode.
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На Unix-подобных системах Вам нужно установить gcc или подобный ему компилятор. Например, используя пакетный менеджер apt-get, по умолчанию включенный в Ubuntu, можно установить требуемые пакеты следующей командой:
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`sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev`
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На Windows для установки gcc Вам нужно сначала установить MinGW. Не забудьте настроить переменные окружения после завершения установки. (*** Все, что выглядит таким образом - здесь и далее добавлено переводчиком на английский - если Вы используете 64-битную Windows, Вам нужно будет установить 64-битную версию MiniGW ***)
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At this point, execute the following commands to clone the Go source code and compile it.( ***It will clone the source code to your current directory. Switch your work path before you continue. This may take some time.*** )
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git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
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cd go/src
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./all.bash
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A successful installation will end with the message "ALL TESTS PASSED."
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On Windows, you can achieve the same by running `all.bat`.
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If you are using Windows, the installation package will set your environment variables automatically. In Unix-like systems, you need to set these variables manually as follows. ( ***If your Go version is greater than 1.0, you don't have to set $GOBIN, and it will automatically be related to your $GOROOT/bin, which we will talk about in the next section***)
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export GOROOT=$HOME/go
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export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
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If you see the following information on your screen, you're all set.
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Figure 1.1 Information after installing from source code
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Once you see the usage information of Go, it means you have successfully installed Go on your computer. If it says "no such command", check that your $PATH environment variable contains the installation path of Go.
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## Using the standard installation packages
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Go has one-click installation packages for every supported operating system. These packages will install Go in `/usr/local/go` (`c:\Go` in Windows) by default. Of course this can be modified, but you also need to change all the environment variables manually as I've shown above.
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### How to check if your operating system is 32-bit or 64-bit?
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Our next step depends on your operating system type, so we have to check it before we download the standard installation packages.
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If you are using Windows, press `Win+R` and then run the command tool. Type the `systeminfo` command and it will show you some useful system information. Find the line that says "system type" -if you see "x64-based PC" that means your operating system is 64-bit, 32-bit otherwise.
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I strongly recommend downloading the 64-bit package if you are a Mac user, as Go no longer supports pure 32-bit processors on Mac OSX.
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Linux users can type `uname -a` in the terminal to see system information.
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A 64-bit operating system will show the following:
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<some description> x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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// some machines such as Ubuntu 10.04 will show as following
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x86_64 GNU/Linux
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32-bit operating systems instead show:
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<some description> i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
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### Mac
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Go to the [download page](https://golang.org/dl/), choose `go1.4.2.darwin-386.pkg` for 32-bit systems and `go1.4.2.darwin-amd64.pkg` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `~/go/bin` will be added to your system's $PATH after you finish the installation. Now open the terminal and type `go`. You should see the same output shown in igure 1.1.
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### Linux
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Go to the [download page](https://golang.org/dl/), choose `go1.4.2.linux-386.tar.gz` for 32-bit systems and `go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz` for 64-bit systems. Suppose you want to install Go in the `$GO_INSTALL_DIR` path. Uncompress the `tar.gz` to your chosen path using the command `tar zxvf go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR`. Then set your $PATH with the following: `export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin`. Now just open the terminal and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
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### Windows
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Go to the [download page](https://golang.org/dl/), choose `go1.4.2.windows-386.msi` for 32-bit systems and `go1.4.2.windows-amd64.msi` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `c:/go/bin` will be added to `path`. Now just open a command line window and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
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## Use third-party tools
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### GVM
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GVM is a Go multi-version control tool developed by a third-party, like rvm for ruby. It's quite easy to use. Install gvm by typing the following commands in your terminal:
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bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.github.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
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Then we install Go using the following commands:
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gvm install go1.4.2
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gvm use go1.4.2
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After the process has finished, you're all set.
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### apt-get
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Ubuntu is the most popular desktop release version of Linux. It uses `apt-get` to manage packages. We can install Go using the following commands.
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install golang-stable
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### Homebrew
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Homebrew is a software management tool commonly used in Mac to manage packages. Just type the following commands to install Go.
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brew install go
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## Links
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- [Directory](preface.md)
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- Previous section: [Go environment configuration](01.0.md)
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- Next section: [$GOPATH and workspace](01.2.md)
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