keep updated

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md

@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ In natural speech flow, many polysyllabic words are often peppered with *breaks*
 
  When we want to emphasize a syllable, we often need to *stop* briefly before it to prepare for the pronunciation.
 
-比如，你可以试着读一下 *absolutely* `/ˌæbsəˈluːtli/`…… 为了把 `/lu/` 这个音节读成**重音**（顺带说，这是个长元音），你可能就会不由自主地在发出 `sə` 之后略微**停顿**一下…… 拿之前的例子 *individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` 再试一下，若是在 `/vɪ/` 之前略微**停顿**一下，就能相对更为轻松地将它读成**重音**。
+比如，你可以试着读一下 *absolutely* `/ˌæbsəˈluːtli/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/absolutely-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/absolutely-us-female.mp3"></span>…… 为了把 `/luː/` 这个音节读成**重音**（顺带说，这是个长元音），你可能就会不由自主地在发出 `sə` 之后略微**停顿**一下…… 拿之前的例子 *individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> 再试一下，若是在 `/vɪ/` 之前略微**停顿**一下，就能相对更为轻松地将它读成**重音**。
 
-Take the word *absolutely* `/ˌæbsəˈluːtli/` for instance. To *stress* the `/luː/` syllable, which is long, you might find yourself involuntarily stopping slightly after pronouncing `sə`. The same practice applies to the word *individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/`, which you've practiced before. A brief stop before `/vɪ/` makes it relatively easier to stress.
+Take the word *absolutely* `/ˌæbsəˈluːtli/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/absolutely-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/absolutely-us-female.mp3"></span> for instance. To *stress* the `/luː/` syllable, which is long, you might find yourself involuntarily stopping slightly after pronouncing `sə`. The same practice applies to the word *individual* `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span>, which you've practiced before. A brief stop before `/vɪ/` makes it relatively easier to stress.
 
 另外一个更为常见的**停顿**相对比较微妙，它就在那里，可不仅听不到，也看不到。
 
 Another frequent stop is more subtle. It's there, but you can't see or hear it.
 
-比如，在 *hotdog* 这个词里，`t` 的声音是听不到的，但，它的舌尖动作却是**完整**的，所以，能够听到的不是 `/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/`，也不是 `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/`，而是 `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/` —— 这里的 `` 表示因 `t` 的舌尖动作完整却没有发出任何声音而产生的**停顿**。你可以再试试 network `/ˈnɛtˌwərk/` 这个词 —— 这里面的 `t` 也是同样的机制。
+比如，在 *hotdog* 这个词里，`t` 的声音是听不到的，但，它的舌尖动作却是**完整**的，所以，能够听到的不是 `/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/`，也不是 `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/`，而是 `/ˈhɑ·ˌdɔg/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 这里的 `·` 表示因 `t` 的舌尖动作完整却没有发出任何声音而产生的**停顿**。你可以再试试 *network* `/ˈnetˌwərk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/network-us-female.mp3"></span> 这个词 —— 这里面的 `t` 也是同样的机制。（注意，也有人用喉塞音读这里的 `t`）
 
-Consider the word *hotdog*. You can't hear the 't,' but the articulation is complete. So instead of hearing '/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/' or '/ˈhɑˌdɔg/,' you hear '/ˈhɑˌdɔg/' – the '' represents a stop created by the 't' sound's complete articulation without any audible output. Try the same with 'network' – the 't' applies the same principle.
+Consider the word *hotdog*. You can't hear the `t`, but the articulation is complete. So instead of hearing `/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/` or `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/`, you hear `/ˈhɑ·ˌdɔg/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span> – the `·` represents a stop created by the `t` sound's complete articulation without any audible output. Try the same with *network* `/ˈnetˌwərk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/network-us-female.mp3"></span> – the `t` applies the same principle. (Note, some people pronounce the `t` in this context using a *glottal stop*.)
 
 这类**停顿**（*stop*），也叫**塞音**，最常见的有以下几种：