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08-19-1317, chapter 3.2.6

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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.5-sz.md
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中文里当然也有 <span class="pho">s</span> 这个音，但，中文里的 <span class="pho">s</span> 在发音时舌尖起始位置更接近下排牙齿，即，比位置 ② 更低一些你可以再试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（<span class="pho">wǒ tī sǐ nǐ</span>）<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/我踢死你-zh-cn-male.mp3"></span>……
虽然两个略微不同的舌尖起始位置在单个音素中听不出什么区别。但，如果作为中国人不练出一个舌尖起始位置为 ② 的 <span class="pho">s</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_say_2023feb.mp3"></span>，那么说英文就相当吃力…… 比如，在说 <span class="pho">st</span> 这个组合的时候 —— 而 <span class="pho">st</span> 这恰好也是英文中使用频率特别高的一个组合。
虽然两个略微不同的舌尖起始位置在单个音素中听不出什么区别。但，如果作为中国人不练出一个舌尖起始位置为 ② 的 <span class="pho">s</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_say_2023feb.mp3"></span>，那么说英文就相当吃力…… 比如，在说 <span class="pho">st</span> 这个组合的时候 —— 而 <span class="pho">st</span> 这恰好也是英文中使用频率特别高的一个组合。
## 3.2.5.3. <span class="pho">s</span> 之后的浊化
## 3.2.5.3. 长辅音
英文的辅音原本并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的 —— 亚洲语言也基本都没有这种差别。
然而，英文的 <span class="pho">f/v</span>、<span class="pho">s/z</span>、<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 以及 <span class="pho">ts</span> 是可以拉长的，尤其是 <span class="pho">s</span> 和 <span class="pho">ts</span>。经过提醒之后，在自然语流中你经常会注意到这种情况。
## 3.2.5.4. <span class="pho">s</span> 之后的浊化
另外，需要注意的是，<span class="pho">s</span> 之后的 <span class="pho">p/t/tr/k</span> 作为音节开头时会被浊化（比如，音节末尾的 <span class="pho">st</span> 中的 <span class="pho">t</span> 不会被浊化），相应读成 <span class="pho">b/d/dr/g</span>（但是，音标标注却保持原样）：
@@ -55,13 +61,41 @@
> * *school* <span class="pho alt">skuːl</span> → <span class="pho alt">sguːl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/school-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/school-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * *frustrate* <span class="pho alt">ˈfrʌˌstreɪt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ˈfrʌˌsdreɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/frustrate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/frustrate-us-female.mp3"></span>
## 3.2.5.4. 长辅音
## 3.2.5.5. 复数末尾的 <span class="pho">s</span> 和 <span class="pho">z</span>
英文的辅音原本并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的 —— 亚洲语言也基本都没有这种差别。
英语的名次和动词都有复数形式，末尾 <span class="pho">s</span> 与 <span class="pho">z</span> 的区分挺重要的，最好从一开始就能够说对…… 时间拖得越久越难改。
然而，英文的 <span class="pho">f/v</span>、<span class="pho">s/z</span>、<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 以及 <span class="pho">ts</span> 是可以拉长的，尤其是 <span class="pho">s</span> 和 <span class="pho">ts</span>。经过提醒之后，在自然语流中你经常会注意到这种情况。
* 清辅音后读作 <span class="pho">s</span>
* *books* <span class="pho alt">bʊks</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/books-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/books-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *maps* <span class="pho alt">mæps</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/maps-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/maps-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *paths* <span class="pho alt">pæθs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/paths-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/paths-us-female.mp3"></span>
* 但，清辅音 <span class="pho">t</span> 和 <span class="pho">s</span> 读成 <span class="pho">ts</span>
* *cats* <span class="pho alt">kæts</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/cats-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/cats-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *students* <span class="pho alt">ˈstuː.dənts</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/students-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/students-us-female.mp3"></span>
## 3.2.5.5. 拼写（Spellings）
* 浊辅音后读作 <span class="pho">z</span>
* *balls* <span class="pho alt">bɑːlz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/balls-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/balls-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *dogs* <span class="pho alt">dɑːɡz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dogs-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dogs-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *wolves* <span class="pho alt">wʊlvz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/wolves-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/wolves-us-female.mp3"></span>
* 但，清辅音 <span class="pho">d</span> 和 <span class="pho">s</span> 读成 <span class="pho">dz</span>
* *beds* <span class="pho alt">bedz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/beds-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/beds-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *cards* <span class="pho alt">kɑrdz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/cards-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/cards-us-female.mp3"></span>
* 元音后读作 <span class="pho">z</span>
* *bees* <span class="pho alt">biːz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/bees-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/bees-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *boys* <span class="pho alt">bɔɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/boys-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/boys-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *days* <span class="pho alt">deɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/days-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/days-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *cars* <span class="pho alt">kɑːrz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/cars-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/cars-us-female.mp3"></span>
* <span class="pho">s</span>/<span class="pho">z</span>/<span class="pho">ʃ</span>/<span class="pho">tʃ</span>/<span class="pho">ʒ</span>/<span class="pho">dʒ</span> 结尾的词加上 *es* 读作 <span class="pho alt">ɪz</span>
* *glasses* <span class="pho alt">ɡlæsɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/glasses-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/glasses-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *buzzes* <span class="pho alt">bʌzɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/buzzes-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/buzzes-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *brushes* <span class="pho alt">brʌʃɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/brushes-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/brushes-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *watches* <span class="pho alt">wɑːtʃɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/watches-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/watches-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *garages* <span class="pho alt">ɡəˈrɑːʒɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/garages-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/garages-us-female.mp3"></span>
* *cages* <span class="pho alt">keɪdʒɪz</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/cages-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/cages-us-female.mp3"></span>
## 3.2.5.6. 拼写（Spellings）
### <span class="pho">s</span>