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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md

@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
-# 3.2.3 `t`/`d`
+# 3.2.3 `t/d`
 
-虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 `t`/`d` 的发声关键在于起始的舌尖位置 —— 贴在龈脊（alveolar ridge）上，而不是贴在牙齿上。
+虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 `t/d` 的发声关键在于起始的舌尖位置 —— 顶在龈脊（alveolar ridge）上，而不是贴在牙齿上。
 
 While every language has the consonants `t` and `d`, the key to pronouncing them in English lies in the starting position of the tip of the tongue - it should touch the *alveolar ridge*, not the *teeth*.
 
-==这里需要一张图片 ![td]()==
+==这里需要一张图片 ==
 
-在中文普通话里，`t`/`d` 这两个声母发声时起始的舌尖位置贴在牙齿上；你可以试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（`wǒ tī sǐ nǐ`）……
+在中文普通话里，`t/d` 这两个声母发声时起始的舌尖位置贴在牙齿上；你可以试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（`wǒ tī sǐ nǐ`）……
 
 In Mandarin Chinese, the starting position of the tongue tip for the `t` and `d` sounds rests on the teeth. You can try this out by saying "wǒ tī sǐ nǐ" (我踢死你！) in Mandarin.
 
 对中国人来说，起初的时候这是个相当难以纠正的习惯，因为舌尖总是不由自主地贴到牙齿上而不是龈脊上 —— 只能通过大量且高密度的练习建立新习惯。
 
 For Chinese speakers, it's a pretty tough to correct at first because the tongue tip instinctively goes to the teeth, not the *alveolar ridge*. It can only be corrected through intense and frequent practice to build a new habit.
+
+另外，就好像 `p/b` 在发音的时候会自然带着一个很轻的 `ʊ` 一样，`t/d` 也会自然带着一个很轻的元音，不过，不是 `ə` 而是 `ɤ`  —— 之前提到过，相当于中文里 “思念” 的 “思”（`sī`）的韵母。
+
+Additionally, just as the `p` and `b` sound naturally carries a slight `ʊ` sound in its pronunciation, the `t` and `d` sound also carries a light vowel sound. But instead of 'ə', it's `ɤ` - as previously mentioned, this is equivalent to the vowel in the Chinese word for 思, which is `sī.`
+
+在中文拼音里，`i` 在 `t/d` 之后相当于英文音标中的 `i`；在 `z/c/s` 之后的 `i` 才会读成 `ɤ`…… 所以，依据母语的习惯，中国人习惯于将 `t(ɤ)` 读作 `tə`，将 `d(ɤ)` 读作 `də`。需要为此专门建立一个新习惯。
+
+In the Chinese phonetic system, `i` following `t/d` is similar to `i` in English phonetic notation. Meanwhile, `i` after `z/c/s` is pronounced as `ɤ`. So, according to the habits of their native language, Chinese speakers tend to pronounce `t(ɤ)` as `tə`, and `d(ɤ)` as `də`. This calls for establishing a new habit.