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08-18-2047, chapter 3.2

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# 3.1.3. <span class="pho">ɪ</span>/<span class="pho">i</span>/<span class="pho">iː</span>
# 3.1.3. <span class="pho">ɪ</span>/<span class="pho">i</span>/<span class="pho">iː</span>/<span class="pho">ɪr</span>
在美式英语中，<span class="pho">i</span> 有 *3* 个版本，短元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>、半长元音 <span class="pho">i</span>，和长元音 <span class="pho">iː</span>。其中，<span class="pho">i</span> 和 <span class="pho">iː</span> 的口型最小，<span class="pho">ɪ</span> 的口型相对较大。
在美式英语中，<span class="pho">i</span> 有 *3* 个版本，短元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>、长元音 <span class="pho">iː</span> 和轻元音 <span class="pho">i</span>。其中，<span class="pho">i</span> 和 <span class="pho">iː</span> 的口型最小，<span class="pho">ɪ</span> 的口型相对较大。
![vowels-mouth-shape-ʌ-ɑ](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-i.svg)
## 3.1.3.1. 短元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>
## 3.1.3.1. 示例
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D.J.</td>
<td>例词（Example）</td>
<td>IPA</td>
<td>例词（Example）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">ɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_ship_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>th<b>i</b>s <span class="pho alt">ðɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/this-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/this-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">ɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_ship_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>th<b>i</b>s <span class="pho alt">ðɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/this-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/this-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">iː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_sheep_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>tr<b>ee</b> <span class="pho alt">triː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/tree-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/tree-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">iː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_sheep_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>tr<b>ee</b> <span class="pho alt">triː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tree-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tree-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_happy_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>cit<b>y</b> <span class="pho alt">ˈsɪt.i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/city-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/city-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">i<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_happy_2023feb.mp3"></span></span></td>
<td>cit<b>y</b> <span class="pho alt">ˈsɪt̬.i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/city-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/city-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">ɪə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_ear_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>id<b>ea</b> <span class="pho alt">aɪˈdɪə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/idea-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/idea-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">ɪr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_ear_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>g<b>ear</b> <span class="pho alt">ɡɪr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/gear-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/gear-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## 3.1.3.2. 短元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>
短元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 并不简单地是长元音 <span class="pho">iː</span> 的更短版本，它更像是 <span class="pho">e</span> 和 <span class="pho">i</span> 之间的一个音。听起来很像是更短版本的 <span class="pho">eɪ</span>，从唇形上来看<span class="pho">ɪ</span> 更接近 <span class="pho">e</span> 。
@@ -16,7 +57,7 @@
> * *sit* <span class="pho alt">sɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sit-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * *hill* <span class="pho alt">hɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hill-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hill-us-female.mp3"></span>
## 3.1.3.2. 长元音 <span class="pho">iː</span>
## 3.1.3.3. 长元音 <span class="pho">iː</span>
<span class="pho">iː</span> 并不简单地是短元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 的长版本，它没有 <span class="pho">eɪ</span> 的音色，口型相对于 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 更为扁平。
@@ -26,15 +67,19 @@
> * *sit* <span class="pho alt">sɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sit-us-female.mp3"></span> ⭤ *seat* <span class="pho alt">si:t</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/seat-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/seat-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * *hill* <span class="pho alt">hɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hill-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hill-us-female.mp3"></span> ⭤ *heal* <span class="pho alt">hi:l</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/heal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/heal-us-female.mp3"></span>
## 3.1.3.3. 半长元音 <span class="pho">i</span>
## 3.1.3.4. 轻元音 <span class="pho">i</span>
<span class="pho">i</span> 这个音实际上还有个半长元音版本，<span class="pho">ɪ</span> 在词汇末尾的时候，更倾向于像是 <span class="pho">iː</span> 这个长元音的更短版本，<span class="pho">i</span>，长度介于 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 和 <span class="pho">iː</span> 之间 —— 也就是说，<span class="pho">i</span> 是个半长元音。
<span class="pho">i</span> 这个音实际上还有个半长元音版本，尤其是在词汇末尾的时候最为常见，它更倾向于像是 <span class="pho">iː</span> 这个长元音的更短版本，是个**轻元音** —— 因为它只出现在**非重音音节**之中。
比如，*responsibility* <span class="pho alt">rɪˌspɑːn·səˈbɪl·ə·t̬i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/responsibility-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/responsibility-us-female.mp3"></span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/responsibility-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/responsibility-uk-female.mp3"></span>…… 在这一点上，英音美音都是一样的。
比如，*city* <span class="pho alt">ˈsɪt̬.i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/city-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/city-us-female.mp3"></span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/city-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/city-uk-female.mp3"></span> 或者 *responsibility* <span class="pho alt">rɪˌspɑːn·səˈbɪl·ə·t̬i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/responsibility-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/responsibility-us-female.mp3"></span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/responsibility-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/responsibility-uk-female.mp3"></span> —— 在这一点上，英音美音都是一样的。
值得注意的是，这一点很可能与我们在中国大陆的学校里学到的不一样 —— 主要是因为我们的教材常年不更新的缘故。CEPD 也是到了第 *13* 版才全面把词汇末尾的 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 更改为 <span class="pho">i</span>（还专门有个名字，叫作 *happy i*）。另外，绝大多数电子词典配备 “真人发音” 也只不过是近十几年的事情而已。
值得注意的是，这一点很可能与我们在中国大陆的学校里学到的不一样 —— 主要是因为我们的教材常年不更新的缘故。《剑桥英语发声词典》也是到了第 *13* 版才全面把词汇末尾的 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 更改为 <span class="pho">i</span>（还专门有个名字，叫作 *happy i*）。另外，绝大多数电子词典配备 “真人发音” 也只不过是近十几年的事情而已。
## 拼写（Spellingsi:
## 3.1.3.5. 儿化音 <span class="pho">ɪr</span>
<span class="pho">ɪ</span> 的儿化音 <span class="pho">ɪr</span>，其实相当于英音中的 <span class="pho">ɪə</span>，相当于是一个儿化的双元音 —— 可以理解为 <span class="pho">ɪᵊr</span> 或者 <span class="pho">ɪɚ</span>，比如，*ear* <span class="pho alt">ɪr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/ear-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/ear-us-female.mp3"></span>…… 不过要小心，不是所有的末尾的 <span class="pho">ə</span> 都是儿化的，比如 *idea* <span class="pho alt">aɪˈdiː.ə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/idea-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/idea-us-female.mp3"></span> 末尾的 <span class="pho">ə</span> 就没有儿化。
## 3.1.3.6. 拼写（Spellings）
### <span class="pho">ɪ</span>